鼻咽癌患者外周血EB病毒DNA检测的临床价值

鼻咽癌（NPC）是我国常见肿瘤之一，在华南地区尤其高发。除遗传和环境等因素外，EB病毒感染和鼻咽癌发病有密切关系：在几乎所有的未分化鼻咽癌细胞中发现EB病毒；鼻咽癌细胞DNA中可以找到被整合的EB病毒特异性基因片断；EB病毒致瘤动物实验得到佐证。关于鼻咽癌和EB病毒关系研究内容十分广泛，其中EBV的血清学标记物如VCA／IgA、EA／IgA等在鼻咽癌流行病学调查、临床诊断上具有一定的价值；但由于其半衰期较长，     

尾静脉注射及皮下接种B-LCL细胞建立EB病毒相关淋巴瘤动物模型的比较研究

目的：构建绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）和荧光素酶（luciferase,Luc）双标记的EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV）感染的人B淋巴母细胞系（B lymphoblastoid cell lines,B-LCL）应用于肿瘤模型,并比较尾静脉注射和皮下注射人B-LCL细胞建立小鼠模型的优缺点。方法：通过二代慢病毒转染、嘌呤霉素筛选构建GFP/Luc双标的B-LCL细胞系（B lymphoblastoid cell lines double-tagged with GFP and Luc,B-LCL-GL）,接种低、中和高3种剂量的细胞至NPG[(NOD)/Prkdcscid/IL-2Rγnull]小鼠皮下或尾静脉内,建立皮下移植瘤模型与血行性转移瘤模型并成像分析。结果：B-LCL-GL细胞中的GFP阳性细胞比例为92.5%,荧光素酶平均发光强度为4.80E+08 Photons/s,远高于B-LCL组。在血行性转移瘤模型中,连续成像结果表明从第7天到第28天随着肿瘤移植时间的延长,肿瘤最先定植在腹腔后又转移到全身。在皮...     

NOD/SCID小鼠平台上的肿瘤实验研究进展

非肥胖糖尿病／严重联合免疫缺陷（non-obese diabetes—SCID mice，NOD／SCID）小鼠具有T、B淋巴细胞联合免疫缺陷、NK细胞活性低下、无循环补体、巨噬细胞和抗原提呈细胞功能损害等特性，近年已成为人类肿瘤移植瘤的最佳研究模型。NOD／SCID鼠的人类血液系统肿瘤模型能够研究造血微环境、白血病细胞的分化调控机制和潜在的治疗靶点，并且建立在此平台上的体内药敏实验，可以指导临床化疗方案设计，目前已显示出突出的疗效。乳腺癌等实体瘤原代肿瘤组织的移植瘤模型，也显示出可复制人类肿瘤特点的优势。此外，NOD／SCID鼠可进行肿瘤干细胞的筛选和鉴定，并寻找针对肿瘤干细胞的特异性治疗靶点。目前的研究已展现了NOD／SCID鼠在肿瘤研究领域的广阔前景。     

EB病毒感染与T细胞淋巴瘤的发生

EB病毒(EBV)是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,以往有关EBV致瘤机制的研究主要集中在B淋巴细胞.日前检测发现人类T细胞淋巴瘤也存在EBV感染.近年来研究表明EBV感染可转化T淋巴细胞,EBV可能在T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起重要作用.观察LMP1在T细胞中的分子生物效应,有助于了解T淋巴细胞中EBV的感染途径、感染方式以及T细胞淋巴瘤的发生机制.     

EB病毒感染与T细胞淋巴瘤的发生

 EB病毒（EBV）是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,以往有关EBV致瘤机制的研究主要集中在B淋巴细胞。目前检测发现人类T细胞淋巴瘤也存在EBV感染。近年来研究表明EBV感染可转化T淋巴细胞,EBV可能在T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起重要作用。观察LMP1在T细胞中的分子生物效应,有助于了解T淋巴细胞中EBV的感染途径、感染方式以及T细胞淋巴瘤的发生机制。     

EB病毒感染与T细胞淋巴瘤的发生

EB病毒(EBV)是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,以往有关EBV致瘤机制的研究主要集中在B淋巴细胞.日前检测发现人类T细胞淋巴瘤也存在EBV感染.近年来研究表明EBV感染可转化T淋巴细胞,EBV可能在T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起重要作用.观察LMP1在T细胞中的分子生物效应,有助于了解T淋巴细胞中EBV的感染途径、感染方式以及T细胞淋巴瘤的发生机制.     

EB病毒感染与T细胞淋巴瘤的发生

EB病毒(EBV)是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,以往有关EBV致瘤机制的研究主要集中在B淋巴细胞.日前检测发现人类T细胞淋巴瘤也存在EBV感染.近年来研究表明EBV感染可转化T淋巴细胞,EBV可能在T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起重要作用.观察LMP1在T细胞中的分子生物效应,有助于了解T淋巴细胞中EBV的感染途径、感染方式以及T细胞淋巴瘤的发生机制.     

EB病毒感染与T细胞淋巴瘤的发生

EB病毒(EBV)是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,以往有关EBV致瘤机制的研究主要集中在B淋巴细胞.日前检测发现人类T细胞淋巴瘤也存在EBV感染.近年来研究表明EBV感染可转化T淋巴细胞,EBV可能在T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起重要作用.观察LMP1在T细胞中的分子生物效应,有助于了解T淋巴细胞中EBV的感染途径、感染方式以及T细胞淋巴瘤的发生机制.     

EB病毒感染与T细胞淋巴瘤的发生

EB病毒(EBV)是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,以往有关EBV致瘤机制的研究主要集中在B淋巴细胞.日前检测发现人类T细胞淋巴瘤也存在EBV感染.近年来研究表明EBV感染可转化T淋巴细胞,EBV可能在T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起重要作用.观察LMP1在T细胞中的分子生物效应,有助于了解T淋巴细胞中EBV的感染途径、感染方式以及T细胞淋巴瘤的发生机制.     

EB病毒感染与T细胞淋巴瘤的发生

EB病毒(EBV)是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,以往有关EBV致瘤机制的研究主要集中在B淋巴细胞.日前检测发现人类T细胞淋巴瘤也存在EBV感染.近年来研究表明EBV感染可转化T淋巴细胞,EBV可能在T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起重要作用.观察LMP1在T细胞中的分子生物效应,有助于了解T淋巴细胞中EBV的感染途径、感染方式以及T细胞淋巴瘤的发生机制.     

Cyclosporine A effectively inhibits graft-versus-host disease during development of Epstein-Barr virus-infected human B cell lymphoma in SCID mouse

We previously constructed human peripheral blood lymphocyte (hu-PBL)/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse (SCID) chimeras and induced human B-cell lymphomas associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in SCID mice. However, a number of SCID mice died of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during the early experimental course. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CSA) for prevention of GVHD and to define how CSA inhibits the occurrence of GVHD and the production of soluble interleukin (IL) 2 receptor (sIL-2R) in hu-PBL/SCID mice. No mouse died in the active EBV infection group with CSA administration, while 17 mice in three groups without CSA administration died of GVHD. Mortalities in these three groups were 55.56% (5/9), 30.43% (7/23), and 27.78% (5/18), and the medium life span was 17 days. Over the first 33 days after hu-PBL transplantation, serum level of human sIL-2R in hu-PBL/SCID chimeras was stable in the active EBV infection plus CSA group, while sIL-2R concentration gradually increased in the sera of mice with active EBV infection without CSA administration and peaked at 22 days. Thirty-two mice developed tumors among the 43 surviving SCID mice. There was no significant difference of tumor incidence between the active EBV infection groups with CSA and without CSA administration (P>0.05). From their morphological and immunohistochemical features, as well as detection of human Alu-sequence and EBV in tumor cells, these EBV-induced tumors were identified as human B-cell lymphomas. Thus, CSA can strikingly inhibit GVHD in hu-PBL/SCID chimeras, and should therefore be effective to establish a stable SCID mouse model of human lymphoma associated with EBV. Treatment with CSA had no effect on the tumor incidence in hu-PBL/SCID chimeras after active EBV infection. Accordingly, serum level of sIL-2R is a valuable indicator of GVHD occurrence in hu-PBL/SCID chimeras.     

免疫重建荷人高转移肝癌SCID鼠模型的建立及其鉴定

目的:建立具有人免疫学特性的高转移肝癌SCID 鼠模型.方法:SCID小鼠腹腔注射人外周血淋巴细胞,皮下接种人高转移肝癌细胞MHCC97-H,免疫重建人高转移肝癌SCID小鼠模型,并鉴定建立的结果.结果:①免疫重建荷人高转移肝癌细胞小鼠的成瘤率为100% ,较荷瘤组成瘤潜伏期延长,体积缩小( P＜0.05);转移率为100%,其从皮下转移到肝脏所需时间较荷瘤组延长(P＜0.05).②第2、4、6周小鼠血中人IgG含量的测定:同期相比,人化荷瘤组小鼠血中人IgG含量高于人化组(P＜0.05). ③第6周SCID小鼠外周血中人CD3+T淋巴细胞和人CD20+ B淋巴细胞含量的测定:人化荷瘤组小鼠血中人CD3+T淋巴细胞和人CD20+ B淋巴细胞含量高于人化组(P＜0.05).④免疫组化检测人化荷瘤组小鼠脾脏中存在人CD3+ T 淋巴细胞和CD20+ B淋巴细胞.结论:成功建立免疫重建荷人高转移肝癌SCID 鼠模型,为肝癌转移的研究及治疗提供了理想的动物模型.     

Transfer of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia to mice with severe combined immune deficiency.

B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells were transferred into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Leukemia cells injected into the peritoneal cavity of these animals may survive for at least 10 weeks in vivo. In contrast, leukemia cells do not survive for long periods when injected intravenously. Despite the longevity of CLL cells injected i.p., these cells apparently do not migrate to other lymphoid tissues. Eight to sixteen weeks after receiving CLL cells, SCID mice develop human IgG autoantibodies to human red blood cells and/or high serum levels of human Ig. Soon thereafter, these animals develop lethal human B-cell tumors. In contrast to the original CLL cells, these human B-cell tumors are CD5-negative, have genomic DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), express antigens associated with latent EBV infection and have distinctive Ig gene rearrangements by Southern. We conclude that bystander B cells may generate tumors in CLL-reconstituted SCID mice that emulate the EBV-associated lymphoproliferations noted in SCID mice reconstituted with normal human PBL.     

The role of natural-killer-cells in the pathogenesis of epstein-barr virus-associated burkitt-lymphoma in a scid mouse model

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with both benign and malignant lymphoproliferative processes. Recently, mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) have been described that develop EBV-induced lymphomas when inoculated with peripheral blood lymphocytes from EBV-seropositive individuals. To investigate the pathogenesis of EBV-associated Burkitt lymphomas, we intraperitoneally inoculated SCID mice with cells from EBV-infected Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines. In general, cells from BL lines developed into BL-like tumors. Certain BL cell lines, however, were not particularly tumorigenic in these animals. Antibody capable of depleting mice of natural killer cells (anti-asialo GM1) favored the development of these Burkitt lymphomas. The pathogenetic implications of this animal model for human disease is discussed.     

Heterogeneity among Epstein-Barr virus-seropositive donors in the generation of immunoblastic B-cell lymphomas in SCID mice receiving human peripheral blood leukocyte grafts.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with B-cell malignancy in immunosuppressed humans and SCID mice receiving human peripheral blood leukocyte grafts (hu-PBL-SCID). We have further characterized the process of lymphoma development in hu-PBL-SCID mice. We report that EBV-seropositive donors differ markedly in the capacity of their PBL to give rise to immunoblastic lymphomas in SCID mice; some donors (high incidence) generated tumors rapidly in all hu-PBL-SCID mice, other donors (intermediate-low incidence) gave rise to sporadic tumors after a longer latent period (greater than 10 weeks), and some donors failed to produce tumors. B-cell lymphomas arising from high incidence donors were multiclonal in origin, and EBV replication was detected in all tumors. Tumors derived from intermediate-low incidence donors were monoclonal or oligoclonal and often had no evidence of viral replication. All tumors, regardless of the donor, resembled EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines in surface phenotype but differed from lymphoblastoid cell lines by having less Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 and CD23 expression. The variable patterns of lymphomagenesis seen among different EBV-sero-positive donors may be explained by lower levels of specific immunity to EBV in high incidence donors, permitting activation of EBV replication and potential transformation of secondary B-cell targets. In addition, there may be differences in the transforming potential of EBV infecting different donors. The use of the hu-PBL-SCID model may help predict patients at high risk for posttransplant or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphomas.     

SCID mouse model of Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphomagenesis of immunodeficient humans.

Immunodeficient humans are at very high risk of developing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced lymphomagenesis. Severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID) have been shown to develop lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) following transfer of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) with latent EBV. To study mechanisms of lymphomagenesis, we compared results of engraftment of PBL from normal donors and immunodeficient donors with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed in 6 of 10 SCID mice 4 to 8 weeks following transfer of PBL from normal donors. In contrast, none of 9 mice engrafted with PBL from XLP patients with T-cell defects showed GVHD. LPD developed in mice regardless of the immune competence of the donors. The expression of EBV-encoded proteins, results of immunophenotyping, and karyotyping of the LPD lesions revealed lethal oligoclonal LPD owing to transfer of latent EBV in B cells in mice engrafted with PBL from seropositive donors. Polyclonal LDP developed in mice engrafted with PBL from seronegative patients which were infected with B95-8 virus 6 weeks after transfer of the cells. This model is useful for investigating mechanisms of EBV-induced LDP in immunodeficient patients.     

Sister chromatid exchange and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is a genetic indicator of DNA damage in mammalian cells and may afford a sensitive monitor to follow genomic instability of some individuals with fragile chromosomal diseases or malignancies. In studies on the effect of dinitrosopiperazine (DNP), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), methyl-nitro-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection on SCE in lymphocytes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, we found that: (1) the spontaneous SCEs in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 75 NPC patients were significantly higher than those of PBLs from 44 normal adults, 24 cord blood (CBL) specimens, and PBLs from 20 patients with chronic inflammation of the nasopharynx; (2) PBLs from NPC patients who were positive for EBV virus capsid antigen (VCA) IgA antibody had a higher SCE frequency as compared with PBLs from VCA IgA-negative NPC patients; (3) the chemical carcinogens used induced significantly higher SCEs in lymphocytes from NPC patients than in PBLs from normal adults and CBLs; (4) the mean SCEs of EBV growth-transformed CBLs increased from 5.17 to 14.12 after infection and was similar to the level of SCEs found in PBLs from the VCA IgA-positive NPC patients. The data suggest that lymphocytes of NPC patients might be more fragile than the lymphocytes of the control groups studied.     

Preventive effect of IgG from EBV-seropositive donors on the development of human lympho-proliferative disease in SCID mice

The effect of weekly treatments with various gammaglobulin preparations on the development of human B-cell tumors was studied in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. SCID mice were injected i.p. with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive healthy blood donor. Repopulated SCID mice were divided into 7 treatment groups receiving either PBS, 2 commercial gammaglobulin preparations, purified IgG prepared from pooled plasma from EBV-seronegative or -seropositive blood donors, a rabbit anti-serum against EBV envelope glycoprotein gp340 or interferon (IFN)-α. All treatments started 1 day after injection of PBMC and continued for 8 weeks. In the PBS-treated control group, 85% of mice developed tumors in the abdominal cavity, mostly with liver metastasis within 150 days. Tumor formation was prevented by treatment with the 2 commercial gammaglobulin preparations as well as by purified IgG from EBV-seropositive donors. In contrast, purified IgG from EBV-seronegative donors, rabbit anti-gp340 anti-serum or IFN-α had no effect. Our results indicate that the effect of gammaglobulin is due to the presence of specific antibodies against EBV antigens. Further experiments showed that both the time of onset and the duration of treatment, as well as the dose of Ig, are important factors for prevention of tumor formation. Studies aiming at identification of target antigens for antibodies which prevent lymphoma development may be clinically relevant for prevention and possibly treatment of lympho-proliferative disease in severely immuno-compromised patients. Int. J. Cancer 71:624-629, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.