Apparatus for electric stimulation of the neuromuscular apparatus

The application of the unit for electric stimulation of the neuro-muscular system with the use of a selected stimulus permits it to produce contraction of the muscles with the minimal energy of the stimulus and the least possible pain sensation. As such a stimulus serves a radio-pulse with a carrier frequency of 10 kHz and having a form enveloping the impulse emerging in the motor fiber. These stimuli are produced in electric stimulators of the type "Bion".     

Medico-technological aspects of the electric stimulation of respiration

Clinical results of electric stimulation of respiration in postoperative period by the and respiration electrostimulators are presented in the article. A significant improvement of the function of external respiration and of ventilation of separate lobes of the lungs were observed during the postoperative period after application of these types of stimulators. An experimental research of the influence of different types of pulsed stimulation modulation on the smoothness of inhalation was carried out. A conclusion was drawn about the efficacy of applying in respiratory stimulators of the amplitude/frequency pulse modulation with regulated frequency of impulses that ranged from the "toothed" to the "smoothed" tetanus domain.     

Experience in developing experimental devices for the multichannel electric stimulation of neuromuscular structures

Multichannel electrostimulators are used for electrostimulation of some groups of muscles. A number of requirements should be borne in mind when designing such devices: the structure of the signals for multichannel electrostimulation must be physiological; the interaction between the channels must be eliminated; the energy of the electrostimulation must be measured; the impedance of the electrode-skin system must be stabilized; a method of electrode electrostimulation, not involving wetting, is to be developed.     

Equipment for programmed multi-channel electric stimulation of the motor neuro-muscular structures in man]

It appears possible to apply electric action not only for medical purposes, but also in stimulating the locomotor apparatus of healthy people. To achieve an effective influence on the neuro-muscular structure of the locomotor apparatus in man all-purpose multichannel on the neuro-muscular structure of the locomotor apparatus in man an all-purpose multichannel programmed electric stimulator with an autonomously pre-set program that permits it to form an arbitrary structure of stimulation signals, capable of being reconstructed in the course of the action, is proposed. This makes it possible to more flexibly and accurately take account of a naturally coordinated interaction of the muscles. A simplified portable version of an all-purpose stimulator is discussed.     

Unit for studying parameters in the process of bone cutting

A set for experimental studies of heat release in the process of bone cutting by drills , circular saws, cutters and so on is produced and tested. With the set, a rotational speed of instruments may be varied over a range of I to 200 s-1 and up to 8330 s-1 when using dental tips.     

Intestinal electric stimulation decreases fat absorption in rats: therapeutic potential for obesity

OBJECTIVE: Effective treatment of obesity is based on the restriction of food intake or reduction of absorption or both. The aim of this study was to study whether intestinal electric stimulation (IES) would reduce fat absorption and, thus, would be a potential therapy for obesity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Forty rats implanted with serosal electrodes and two jejunal cannulas were divided into 4 groups of 10 each: control (no stimulation), IES with long pulses, IES with trains of short pulses, and IES with trains of short pulses plus treatment with lidocaine. Jejunal transit and fat absorption of a 20-cm jejunal segment (between two cannulas) were investigated during a 45-minute period with or without IES. RESULTS: It was found that both methods of IES accelerated intestinal transit measured by recovery of phenol red and increased the percentage of triglycerides recovered from the distal cannula in comparison with the control group. IES with trains of short pulses was more effective than IES with long pulses in accelerating jejunal transit and reducing fat absorption. Neither of the two IES methods altered the output of fatty acids from the distal cannula. The effects of IES with trains of short pulses on the transit and fat absorption were partially abolished with the treatment of lidocaine. DISCUSSION: It was concluded that IES accelerates intestinal transit and reduces fat absorption, suggesting a therapeutic potential for obesity. IES with trains of short pulses is more effective than IES with long pulses, and its effects are partially mediated by enteric nerves, jejunum.     

Use of the computer as a tool for the implementation of the nursing process

This text article has as its objective to analyze the use of the computer as a tool in the work process of the nursing professional. There are many evidences that informatics has revolutionized work processes in different service structures such as health care, education and management. Therefore, informatics is conducting Nursing to a systematic and organized practice that has propitiated individualized care to the patient. The authors describe software that gives support to the planning of Nursing Assistance and make some considerations aiming at the development and modernization of the Brazilian Nursing practice.     

Growth factors--importance and possibilities for enhancement of the healing process in bone fractures

The healing process after bone fractures is subject to complex regulation. A major part in it is played by biologically active molecules, called growth factors. The most important of these are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor--beta (TGF-beta), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). AIM: The aim of the present study was to do a short review of data in the scientific literature about the specific role of each factor in reparative osteogenesis in relation to the healing of bone fractures, as well as the possibilities for enhancement of this process by growth factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A detailed Medline search was conducted with emphasis on reports from the last ten years. CONCLUSION: The information gathered demonstrated the key role of growth factors and their potential for stimulation of healing of fractures and their complications. This conclusion is supported by results from numerous animal experiments.     

Use of electric blankets and risk of testicular cancer

Electric blankets are an important domestic source of electromagnetic fields (EMF) because of the relatively high intensity of emission, prolonged exposure, and intimate contact with the source. In a case-control study of testicular cancer in western Washington during 1981 to 1984, the relation between EMF exposure from electric blankets and the occurrence of testicular cancer was examined. The respective proportions of cases and controls who reported the use of an electric blanket were almost identical (age-adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-1.4). Distributions of the duration of use were also very similar in cases and controls. Compared with controls, the frequency of use of an electric blanket was slightly lower in men with seminoma (RR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.2) and slightly higher among men with nonseminoma germ cell tumors (RR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.3). Overall, the results of this study suggest that increased exposure to EMF from electric blankets contributes little, if at all, to the risk of testicular cancer in adult white men.     

应力刺激对骨改建机制的研究进展

研究应力刺激对骨改建的影响具有重要的临床意义。在正畸牙移动、牵张成骨及骨折修复等临床治疗中,适当的刺激应力,可引起骨细胞代谢改变或凋亡,进而调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性,并刺激机体激素水平,从而影响骨塑型和骨改建。同时刺激应力直接作用于骨组织,可刺激骨组织自身的生长与重建,最终达到促进新骨形成的目的。目前应力刺激骨细胞的力学信号转导机制尚未明确,本文对骨细胞与骨改建临床与基础研究进行归纳,排除重复或类似的研究,综述应力刺激对骨改建的可能机制,为口腔正畸治疗提供新的理论研究依据。