局部晚期中低位直肠癌新辅助同步放化疗58例分析

[目的]探讨局部晚期中低位直肠癌新辅助同步放化疗的疗效及其影响因素。[方法]58例局部晚期（T3-4N0-1M0）中低位直肠癌术前接受同步放化疗,放疗剂量50Gy,化疗包括奥沙利铂＋卡培他滨的联合化疗组及不含铂类药物的单药化疗组。共55例患者同步放化疗结束后2～10周内完成根治性手术,依据术后病理结果进行疗效评价。[结果]全组55例患者手术顺利,无严重手术并发症;术后病理示肿瘤完全消退8例（14．5％）,重度消退11例（20．0％）,中度消退20例（36．4％）,轻度及无消退16例（29．1％）;治疗前肿瘤（T）及淋巴结（N）临床分期与放化疗后肿瘤消退程度无关：奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨化疗组肿瘤完全消退与重度消退率为41．2％,不含铂类药物组为23．8％（P〉0．05）;与术前临床分期相比,同步放化疗后原发肿瘤（T）降期率为41．8％,淋巴结（N）降期率为58．8％。[结论]新辅助同步放化疗用于局部晚期中低位直肠癌的术前治疗可使大部分肿瘤获得不同程度消退：有关直肠癌同步放化疗疗效的预测指标以及高效的化疗方案有待进一步深入研究。     

低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的远期疗效及安全性研究

目的评估术前口服卡培他滨（希罗达）与放疗联合治疗局部进展期低位直肠癌的远期疗效及安全性。方法对局部进展期（T3／T4）低位直肠腺癌（距肛缘≤9Ccm）患者51例,术前给予口服卡培他滨（希罗达）并联合放疗。放疗结束后休息3—4周,按TME原则进行手术。结果3例患者临床完全消退（cCR）,占5．88％,未行手术;其余48例患者均行根治性切除术（R0）,实际保肛率90．20％（46／51）,10例术后病理检查未见肿瘤细胞,为病理消退（pCR）,总消退率为25．49％（13／51）。肿瘤降期41例,占80．39％。5年无病生存率为70．59％,总生存率为80．39％。放化疗过程中出现3、4级不良反应5例,无疾病进展、手术死亡者。结论术前口服卡培他滨联合放疗治疗局部进展期低位直肠癌是有效安全的。     

新辅助同步放化疗联合TME及术后辅助化疗对中低位局部进展期直肠癌的疗效研究

目的探讨新辅助同步放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除（TME）加术后辅助化疗三联疗法治疗中低位局部进展期直肠癌的疗效及安全性.方法选择局部进展期中低位直肠癌Ⅱ、Ⅲ期（T2N＋M0,T3-4N0-2M0期）65例,术前放疗总剂量50～54Gy,术前采用Xelox方案化疗3个疗程,放化疗结束后6～8周根据TME原则行直肠癌根治术.术后采用Forfox4方案辅助化疗6个疗程.结果65例均完成新辅助同步放化疗、手术治疗及术后辅助化疗.其中48例行Dix-on’s手术,17例行mile’s手术,保肛率73.85%,术后并发症发生率23.08%,其中伤口感染延期愈合6例,吻合口瘘4例,吻合口狭窄5例,手术后病理完全缓解（pCR）11例,占16.92%.结论新辅助放化疗＋TME手术治疗＋术后辅助化疗三联疗法治疗中低位进展期直肠癌安全有效,可以降低肿瘤分期,减少局部复发及远处转移,中远期疗效好.     

同步新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位局部进展期直肠癌的临床研究

目的:探讨同步新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)治疗中低位局部进展期直肠癌的疗效及安全性。方法:2009年9月-2011年2月30例中低位局部进展期直肠癌患者[Ⅱ期(T3-4N0M0)14例,Ⅲ期(T1-4N1-2M0)16例]接受了术前同步新辅助放化疗(术前放疗总剂量为45～50Gy,1.8Gy/次;化疗方案为FOLFOX4,化疗2个周期)。同步新辅助放化疗结束后4～6周行手术治疗,遵循TME原则。结果:全部患者均完成同步新辅助放化疗,CR5例、PR18例、SD7例,有23例(76.7%)患者的临床TNM分期下降。同步新辅助放化疗结束后4～6周,除1例CR患者拒绝手术外,29例患者均行手术治疗,其中23例行低位或超低位前切除术(Dixon术),6例行腹会阴联合切除术(Miles术),保肛率为80.0%(24/30)。无一例发生围手术期死亡,术后并发症的总发生率为20.7%(6/29)。结论:同步新辅助放化疗联合TME治疗中低位局部进展期直肠癌安全而有效,可以降低肿瘤分期、提高肿瘤切除率和保肛率,改善患者的生活质量。     

局部进展期直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的：观察局部进展期直肠癌患者行术前同步放化疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年10月至2015 年12月间本院收治的20例在术前接受同步放化疗的局部进展期直肠癌患者的临床资料。所有患者接受总剂量为46～50．4 Gy 三维适形放疗,分为23～28次,同时接受卡培他滨或XELOX 方案或FOLFOX 方案化疗2个周期,再行手术。评估术前放化疗患者的手术切除率、保肛率、病理降级率和缓解率、局部复发率、放化疗毒副作用、术后并发症发生情况。结果所有患者的总病理降级率为80％（16／20）,其中直肠中分化腺癌、术前临床T 分期（cT）、术前临床 N 分期（cN）的病理降级率分别为73．3％（11／15）、80％（16／20）、82．3％（14／17）,术后病理完全缓解（pCR）率为20％（4／20）。手术距术前放疗结束时间隔32～112天,中位间隔49天（7周）。所有患者均达到 R0切除,其中 Mile's 术12例, Dixon 术7例,直肠前切除术1 例;保肛率为40％（8／20） ,其中肿瘤下界距肛门＞5 cm 的患者保肛率为100％（4／4）;肿瘤下界距肛门≤5 cm 的患者行超低位保肛率为25％（4／16）。中位随访34个月,所有患者未见局部复发,远处转移率为30％（6／20）,其中肺转移4例,肝转移2例;4例死亡,2例带瘤生存。3例病理完全缓解（pCR）的患者术后均未接受辅助化疗,随访5年无复发和远处转移。术前放化疗后骨髓造血功能抑制（1～2级）达90％（18／20）。术后并发症中肠粘连35％（7／20）、伤口延迟愈合10％（2／20）、小肠梗阻5％（1／20）、肠瘘5％（1／20）。结论局部进展期直肠癌术前同步放化疗能使病理降期,提高肿瘤根治率和保肛率,降低局部复发率,并不增加近期毒副反应和手术并发症,在临床上切实可行,值得推广。     

新辅助治疗在进展期低位直肠癌术前的应用

背景与目的提高进展期低位直肠癌的根切率和保肛率是一个难题,本研究探讨术前联合放化疗(新辅助治疗)在进展期低位直肠癌中的疗效。方法23例进展期低位直肠癌患者,按术前评价均需行腹-会阴联合切除术的患者进行术前联合放化疗。放疗每周5d,每次200cGy,共4周20次,总剂量4000cGy。化疗的给药方式以放疗期间持续静脉滴注,采用草酸铂(Oxa)130mg/(m2·d1),5-FU500mg/(m2·d1-5),加CF300mg/(m2·d1-5),休息4~6周进行手术。结果15例的病例肿瘤分期降级,施行了保留肛门的直肠癌根治术,保肛率达65%(15/23),其中82%的患者肛门括约肌功能良好。结论进展期低位直肠癌的患者在接受新辅助治疗后,能使肿瘤降期,切除率增加,提高保肛率,同时副反应轻,患者依顺性较好。     

术前同期放化疗治疗局部进展期中低位直肠癌疗效分析

目的 评价术前同期放化疗用于局部进展期中低位直肠癌的有效性和耐受性。方法 2007—2013年 共入组 51例 T₃、T₄期或N (+)的病理证实初治直肠癌患者。全盆腔三维放疗技术, 45.0~ 50.4 Gy分 25~ 28次;化疗采用FOLFOX4或XELOX方案,化疗在放疗开始第1、4周进行共2个周期;放化疗结束后 4~ 8周手术,术后1个月内开始行同方案巩固化疗。Kaplan-Meier 法计算生存率并 Logrank 检验和单因素分析及 Cox 模型行多因素预后分析。结果 49例 患者完成术前放化疗及手术治疗,中位随访时间2.9年 ,总保肛率为65%,总降期率为59%。pCR为20%。总≥3级不良反应发生率为25%,总并发症发生率为31%。3、5年 样本数分别为24、12例 ,3、5年 OS分别为81%、69%, DFS分别为76%、60%, LRFS分别为78%、70%,DMFS分别为82%、74%。多因素分析显示肿瘤降期为 5年 DFS、LRFS的独立预后因素。 结论 局部进展期中低位直肠癌术前放疗同期FOLFOX4或XELOX方案化疗能提高病理降期率和pCR率及保肛率,降期者可能有更好的生存优势。     

术前同步放化疗在局部晚期直肠癌治疗中的价值

目的 探讨术前放化疗联合手术治疗局部晚期直肠癌的临床价值。方法 对22 例术前应用放疗（剂量45Gy/5周）和mFOLFOX 方案（奥沙利铂130mg/m2,dl,静脉滴注;甲酞四氢叶酸钙200mg, dl～d3,静脉滴注;氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2, dl～d3,静脉滴注;每3 周重复,共行2 个周期）进行新辅助治疗的局部晚期直肠癌患者资料进行分析。结果 低位前切除术16 例,保肛率72.7%,腹会阴联合切除6例。肿瘤完全消退3例（13.6 %),肿瘤部分缓解10例（45.5%),治疗有效率为59.1% (13/22。肿瘤分期降低13例,降期率为59.1％。结论 对局部晚期直肠癌采用新辅助治疗可使肿瘤不同程度消退,分期降低,提高保肛率。     

直肠癌的新辅助治疗

 直肠癌的新辅助治疗包括新辅助放疗、化疗、化放疗以及分子靶向治疗。新辅助治疗可以使直肠癌退缩变小,达到降期、降级的目的,从而提高R0切除率和保肛率,降低术后局部复发率。目前的新辅助治疗未能改善患者的远期生存。新的化疗药物及方案替代传统药物5-氟尿嘧啶、术前联合应用分子靶向药物等是近年直肠癌新辅助治疗的重要进展,其临床研究的结果值得期待。     

T2期低位直肠癌术前伊立替康化疗联合短程放疗后局部切除的可行性研究

目的 探讨术前伊立替康化疗联合短程放疗后局部切除术治疗T₂期低位直肠癌的可行性。方法 收集山西省肿瘤医院2002年1月至2008年8月间行术前伊立替康化疗联合短程放疗后行经肛门局部切除术（TAE）的37例低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,分析治疗疗效、不良反应及随访情况。结果 37例患者经术前治疗后4例（10.8％）获完全缓解,27例（73.0％）部分缓解,6例（16.2％）病情稳定,有效率为83.8％,疾病控制率为100.0％。37例患者术后出现肛门狭窄2例（5.4％）,出血和直肠阴道瘘各1例（2.7％）。至随访截止时间,共6例（16.2％）术后出现复发转移,其中3例为局部复发,2例为肝转移,1例局部复发伴肝转移;37例患者术后的3年、5年复发率分别为11.7％、14.1％;全组患者术后生存时间为26～118个月,3例患者因转移复发死亡,术后3年、5年生存率分别为94.6％、91.4％。结论对于符合条件的T₂期低位直肠癌患者,术前伊立替康化疗联合短程放疗后局部切除治疗可以作为临床选择方案之一。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗的近期疗效研究

目的 探讨局部晚期直肠癌行新辅助放化疗的近期疗效.方法 对收治的30例经病理证实的局部晚期直肠癌患者行放射治疗:盆腔淋巴引流区放疗剂量45 Gy/25次之后缩野至肿瘤区加量至总剂量为50.4 Gy/28次.同步化疗方案为奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨(希罗达),同步放化疗结束后4-6周进行手术,术后完成围手术期6月的FOLFOX6方案全身化疗.结果 经治疗后肿瘤降期率60.0％(18/30).术后完全缓解率(CR)23.3％ (7/30),部分缓解率(PR)60.0％ (18/30);稳定(SD) 16.7％ (5/30);总有效率(CR+PR)83.3％(25/30).不良反应主要为恶心呕吐、畏食、乏力、白细胞和血小板减少、腹泻、口腔炎等,无4度不良反应发生,无放化疗相关死亡.总体保肛率26.7％(8/30),本组无手术死亡.结论 直肠癌术前放化疗能提高肿瘤病理完全缓解率,降低肿瘤分期,提高手术切除率,且不良反应较轻,临床实施安全.     

Predictive Factors for Pathologic Complete Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer

Background: An accurate assessment of potential pathologic complete response(pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT) is important for the appropriate treatment of rectal cancer. However, the factors that predict the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have not been well defined. Therefore, this study analyzed the predictive factors on the development of pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer. Methods: From January 2008 to January 2018, a total of 432 consecutive patients from a single institution patients who underwent a long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were reviewed in this study. The clinicopathological features were analyzed to identify predictive factors for pathologic complete response in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Results: The rate of pathologic complete response in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation was 20.8%, patients were divided into the pCR and non-pCR groups. The two groups were well balanced in terms of age, gender, body mass index, ASA score, tumor stage, tumor differentiation, tumor location, surgical procedure, chemotherapy regimen and radiation dose. The multivariate analysis revealed that a pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level of ≤5 ng/mL and an interval of ≥8 weeks between the completion of chemoradiation and surgical resection were independent risk factors of an increased rate of pCR. Conclusions: Pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level of ≤5 ng/mL and an interval of ≥8 weeks between the completion of chemoradiation and surgical resection are predictive factors for pathologic complete response in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Using these predictive factors, we can predict the prognosis of patients and develop adaptive treatment strategies. A wait-and-see policy might be possible in highly selective cases.     

A case of advanced rectal cancer responding to 5-fluorouracil based preoperative chemoradiation therapy

We report a case of a 67-year-old female with advanced rectal cancer that showed a significant response after administration of preoperative chemoradiation therapy. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 300 mg/m2/day) was administered by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion after the cancer had been decreased in size by radiation (2 Gy) administered for 20 days preoperatively. Consequently, the patient underwent a low anterior resection with lymph node dissection (D 2), which resulted in a curative resection of the cancer cells macroscopically. Histological examination revealed no residual cancer cells in the resected specimen (CR). Preoperative chemoradiation therapy appears a promising regimen for patients with advanced lower rectal cancer, and can be considered to extend the indication for laparoscopic operations for advanced rectal cancer.     

Outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical resection for T4 colorectal cancer

BACKGROUNDPatients with clinical T4 colorectal cancer (CRC) have a poor prognosis because of compromised surgical margins. Neoadjuvant therapy may be effective in downstaging tumors, thereby rendering possible radical resection with clear margins. AIMTo evaluate tumor downsizing and resection with clear margins in T4 CRC patients undergoing neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.METHODSThis study retrospectively included 86 eligible patients with clinical T4 CRC who underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by radical resection. Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of radiation therapy at a dose of 45-50.4 Gy and chemotherapy agents, either FOLFOX or capecitabine. A circumferential resection margin (CRM) of < 1 mm was considered to be a positive margin. We defined pathological complete response (pCR) as the absence of any malignant cells in a specimen, including the primary tumor and lymph nodes. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictive factors for pCR.RESULTSFor 86 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery, the rate of pCR was 14%, and the R0 resection rate was 91.9%. Of the 61 patients with rectal cancer, 7 (11.5%) achieved pCR and 5 (8.2%) had positive CRMs. Of the 25 patients with colon cancer, 5 (20%) achieved pCR and 2 (8%) had positive CRMs. We observed that the FOLFOX regimen was an independent predictor of pCR (P = 0.046). After a median follow-up of 47 mo, the estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 70.8% and 61.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that a tumor with a negative resection margin was associated with improved DFS (P = 0.014) and OS (P = 0.001). Patients who achieved pCR exhibited longer DFS (P = 0.042) and OS (P = 0.003) than those who did not.CONCLUSIONNeoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy engenders favorable pCR and R0 resection rates among patients with T4 CRC. The R0 resection rate and pCR are independent prognostic factors for patients with T4 CRC.     

奥沙利铂或伊立替康联合5-氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙用于不可切除的结直肠癌肝转移术前化疗的比较

目的比较奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙(FOLFOX方案)与伊立替康联合5-氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙(FOLFIRI方案)用于不可切除局限于肝转移的结直肠癌术前化疗的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析符合条件的58例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中32例应用FOLFOX4或改良FOLFOX6方案,26例应用FOLFIRI方案。中位随访41月,比较两组的化疗客观反应率(response rate,RR),手术根治性(rate of radical,R0)切除率,无进展生存时间(progression-free survival,PFS),总生存时间(overall surviva,OS)和安全性。结果 FOLFOX组的RR为56.3%,FOLFIRI组为42.3%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.429)。FOLFOX组的R0切除率为34.4%,FOLFIRI组为26.9%(P=0.397)。化疗反应率与手术切除率及R0切除率之间存在正相关关系(r=0.840和r=0.671,P<0.001)。FOLFOX组和FOLFIRI组的中位PFS分别为13.5月和11.2月(P=0.533),中位OS分别为21.6月和21.1月(P=0.596)。两组常见的血液学及消化道毒性没有明显区别(P均>0.05),FOLFOX组各级神经病变的发生率(37.5%)要明显高于FOLFIRI组(3.8%,P=0.003)。结论 FOLFOX方案和FOLFIRI方案用于不可切除的结直肠癌肝转移术前化疗,疗效相似,毒性可接受,可作为结直肠癌肝转移术前化疗的选择。     

FOLFOX 4→DCF方案一线治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的探讨FOLFOX4→DCF方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和安全性。方法25例晚期胃癌患者先采用FOLFOX4方案化疗,14天为1个周期,治疗3个周期。FOLFOX4方案化疗3个周期结束后第14天开始给予DCF方案化疗,21天为1个周期,治疗3个周期。结果第15周复查显示：完全缓解（CR）4例（16%）,部分缓解（PR）11例（44%）,稳定（SD）6例（24%）,进展（PD）4例（16%）,总有效率（CR＋PR）为60%（15/25）,疾病控制率84%（21/25）。中位疾病进展时间（TTP）为7.8个月（95%可信区间,3.8～12.2个月）,中位生存期（MST）为11.7个月（95%可信区间,5.8～16.7个月）,1年生存率为44%（11/25）。毒性反应主要是中性粒细胞减少。结论FOLFOX4→DCF方案治疗晚期胃癌具有较好的疗效和安全性。     

FOLFOX4方案和ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌的比较

目的：比较FOLFOX4方案和ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：将50例经病理确诊的晚期胃癌患者随机分为两组。治疗组25例，采用FOLFOX4方案化疗：草酸铂85mg／m^2，静脉滴注2h，d1；亚叶酸钙200mg／m^2，静脉滴注2h，d1、d2；氟尿嘧啶400mg／m^2，静脉推注，d1、d2，氟尿嘧啶600mg／m^2，持续静脉泵输注22h，d1、d2。每2周为1周期。对照组25例，采用ECF方案化疗：表柔比星50mg／m^2，静脉推注，d1；氟尿嘧啶400mg／m^2，静脉滴注，d1～d5；顺铂20mg／m^2，静脉滴注，d1～d3。每3周为1周期。对两组的缓解率、生活质量改善率、不良反应进行分析比较。结果：治疗组与对照组的缓解率分别为56％（14／25）和52％（13／25），无显著性差异（χ^2=0．73，P〉0．05）；生活质量改善率分别为76％（19／25）和48％（12／25），有显著性差异（χ^2=6．23，P〈0．05）；两组主要不良反应白细胞减少、腹泻、口腔炎、神经毒性和脱发等指标的差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：FOLFOX4方案和ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效较好，不良反应较轻；在生活质量改善方面，FOLFOX4方案优于ECF方案。     

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with S-1 for advanced low rectal cancer

We reviewed the patients with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S-1 to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness for locally advanced lower rectal cancer. The CRT regimen consisted of pelvic irradiation (45 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy), five days a week. A treatment of oral S-1 (80 mg/m2 per day) on days 1-14 and 22-35 was given during radiotherapy. Patients underwent a curative resection with lateral lymph node resection at 6-8 weeks intervals after neoadjuvant CRT. The response rate on pathological study was 60% (all were grade 2), and no patients had lateral lymph node metastases. Grade 1 or 2 adverse effects occurred in all patients during CRT, but the CRT was achieved in all patients. We found two patients had surgical complications with wound infection and one patient with anastomotic leakage. All complications were improved by conservative treatment. The neoadjuvant CRT was feasible and effective treatment for all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. We have started a phase II study of the neoadjuvant CRT.