Effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on antibody production and migration of B cells from the bone marrow and spleen in mice

The effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on the production of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen and on the migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen was studied in CBA mice. Stimulation of erythropoiesis was shown to increase the number of AFC in the spleen and migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen sharply 1 and 4 days after blood loss. Inhibition of erythropoiesis led to a very small increase in the number of AFC in the spleen 4 and 7 days after transfusion of syngeneic red cells and inhibited migration of B cells from the bone marrow into the spleen. The possible mechanisms of the effect of stimulation and inhibition of erythropoiesis on antibody formation are discussed.Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 303–305, March, 1977.     

Effect of mouse antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins on accumulation of rosette-forming and antibody-forming cells in mice immunized with sheep's red blood cells

Data are given on the effect of mouse antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins (MAAS) on the kinetics of rosette-forming (RFC) and antibody-forming cells (AFC) in mice immunized with sheep's red blood cells (SRBC). The effect of MAAS in the experimentsin vivo was assessed by injecting this serum for 5 days into CBA mice, the first injecting being combined with injection of 5.10⁷ SRBC. Injection of MAAS into mice immunized with SRBC was shown to cause a marked decrease in the number of RFC in the spleen on the 5th and 9th days after immunization. MAAS has no appreciable effect at these same times on proliferation of AFC producing IgM hemagglutinins. Meanwhile MAAS intensified proliferation of IgG-AFC during the period when the number of these cells of the spleen in the immunized mice was maximal. After adsorption of MAAS with immune complexes formed by mouse IgG antibodies this serum was shown to lose much of its ability to block RFCin vivo. It is postulated on the basis of these results that the property of MAAS of influencing the accumulation of RFC and AFC producing IgG hemagglutinins is due to a factor which reacts with the immune complex formed by mouse IgG antibodies. This factor may perhaps be antibodies against aggregated immunoglobulins of this class.Laboratory of Immunochemistry, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 557–560, May, 1978.     

A study of the lymph-node type of graft versus host reaction in mice

A local form of the graph versus host reaction (GVHR) was induced in adult (CBA×C57BL)F₁ hybrid mice by subcutaneous injection of semiallogeneic spleen, thymus, or bone marrow cells from CBA mice into the right hind footpad. The criteria of activity of the GVHR were an increase in the number of blast forms in the region of popliteal lymph node and in its weight 7 days after transplantation of cells. After transplantation of 5×10⁶ and 20×10⁶ spleen cells the absolute weight of the regional lymph node was increased by 3–5 times and was significantly higher than in the control (injection of living syngeneic or fragmented semiallogeneic cells from the same source). By contrast with the control, in the experimental animals the effect clearly depended directly on the dose of transplanted cells. Enlargement of the lymph nodes was accompanied by the regular appearance of blast forms in them. Thymus and bone marrow cells had a much weaker action than spleen cells.Department of General Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Siberian Division, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 338–339, March, 1976.     

Ability of cells of the regenerating spleen to effect the graft versus host reaction

The ability of cells of the regenerating (after single or twice repeated resection) and intact spleen of mice to induce the graft versus host reaction was studied by two methods. The regenerating spleen was shown to be less capable than the intact of bringing about this reaction.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. I. M. Sechenov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 373–374, March, 1976.     

Rate of development of immunological memory and characteristics of the secondary immune response in mice of strains with high and low reactivity

Immunological memory for sheep's red blood cells develops in mice of strains CBA and DBA/2 and (CBA×C57BL/6)F₁ hybrids 24 h after injection of a small dose of the antigen, but 48 h after injection in C57BL/6 mice. The level of the secondary immune response in CBA, C57BL/6 and F₁ hybrids is significantly higher than in DBA/2 mice. Maximal production of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of the CBA mice is observed after two injections of small doses of the antigen. By contrast to this, to obtain a marked immune response in the case of adoptive transfer of spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice a second injection of a large dose of antigen is required.Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. H. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 454–457, October, 1977.     

Changes in resistance of partially hepatectomized mice to transplantable tumors in the final stage of regeneration of the liver

When an ascites form of hepatoma 22a was transplanted intraperitoneally into A/he mice 1–12 days after partial hepatectomy two periods of inhibition of its growth were observed. The first 24 h after the operation and the second 3–10 days later. Animals most resistant to transplantation of this particular tumor (5–8 days after transplantation of sarcoma 37 and Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 326–328, March, 1977.     

Importance of the time of bone marrow transplantation for manifestation of allogeneic inhibition of stem cells

The effect of duration of the interval (4–96 h) between irradiation of F₁ (CBA×C57BL/6) hybrids and transplatation of bone marrow from C57BL/6 mice on manifestation of allogeneic inhibition of the stem cells was studied. In this particular donor-recipient model the degree of allogeneic inhibition was 90%. Transplantation of bone marrow carried out 4–48 h after irradiation had no effect on the number of colonies in the spleen of the F₁ hybrids. Considerable abolition of allogeneic inhibition (33%) was observed if the parental cells were injected 96 h after irradiation. Remote transplantation had no effect on the number of colonies in the spleen of syngeneic recipients.Laboratory of Experimental Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 347–348, March, 1976.     

Changes in sialic acid content in the intestinal tissues of animals vaccinated with living poliomyelitis vaccine

A single oral administration of living poliomyelitis vaccine of immunologic type II (Sabin strain) to albino mice weighing 12–14 g is followed by an increase in the free sialic acid content from the 5th to the 20th days and in the bound sialic acid content from the 20th to the 45th day from the beginning of immunization in the small intestine of the vaccinated animals.Laboratory of Immunopathology, D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. M. Zhdanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 298–299, March, 1976.     

Effect of regeneration of the spleen and bone marrow on number of hematopoietic colonies in the mouse spleen

Two thirds of the spleen (group 1) or the bone marrow from the right tibia (group 2) was removed from sexually mature male CBA mice. On the eighth day after lethal irradiation and injection of 1·10⁶ nucleated cells from the intact spleen the number of hematopoietic splenic colonies was counted. A significant increase in the number of colonies was observed in the animals of both experimental groups compared with the control intact mice. the authors suggest that this increase may have been caused both by the local effect of the regenerating splenic stroma and by a certain stimulating factor secreted by the regenerating hematopoietic tissue.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of Histology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1375–1376, November, 1976.     

Resistance of the suppressor function of T cells to agents with antiproliferative activity

Injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) in a dose of 50–400 mg/kg into mice immunized with sheep's red blood cells (SRBC) does not significantly reduce the ability of the spleen cells of these mice to suppress the primary immune response when transplanted into intact syngeneic recipients. Irradiation of the donors of immune spleen cells (ISC) in a dose of 900 R or treatment of the ISC in vitro with mitomycin C did not affect their suppressor activity. The supernatant (SN) obtained after ultracentrifugation of sonicated ISC inhibited the primary immune response of intact mice. It is concluded that the suppressor effect of ISC is due to a factor produced by the T cells; active proliferation of these cells is not essential for the realization of its action.Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 327–330, September, 1977.     

Mechanism of tolerance toSalmonella typhi Vi antigen induced with cyclophosphamide

Treatment with Vi antigen followed after 46–48 h by cyclophosphamide induces a state of specific areactivity in mice which persists through adoptive transfer. Only trace amounts of Vi antigen were found in the blood and spleen of the tolerant mice after 2–3 weeks. No T suppressors were found in the spleen of the tolerant animals: Cells of the tolerant mice did not depress the immune response of normal lymphocytes when cultured togetherin vivo and they did not induce tolerance in intact recipients; the cells of normal donors partially restored the immunoreactivity of the tolerant animals. The results suggest that this form of tolerance is due to elimination or prolonged inactivation of the immunocompletent cells.Laboratory of Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 440–443, April, 1977.     

Electron-microscopic study of the mouse myocardium in experimental Coxsackie A13 virus infection

Diffuse degenerative-proliferative myocarditis is described in adult BALB/c mice infected with Coxsackie A13 virus. A marked tendency was observed for sclerotic processes to develop 30–60 days after infection; this may lie at the basis of the reduced functional activity of the myocardium and may lead to the development of cardiomyopathy.Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Novosibirsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 489–491, April, 1977.     

Inhibitory action of neuraminidase ofVibrio cholerae in Rauscher mouse leukemia

The inhibitory action of the neuraminidase ofVibrio cholerae in Rauscher mouse leukemia was studied. After treatment of the spleen cells of leukemic mice with neuraminidase in doses of 50 units/ml or more, the ability of these cells to induce leukemia when injected into BALB/c mice was inhibited significantly. Neraminidase in the above concentration, if given by repeated parenteral injection, had no therapeutic action in Rauscher leukemia.D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Scientific-Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1357–1359, November, 1976.     

Effect of somatotropic hormone on autoimmune responses induced in mice of various genotypes by heated syngeneic erythrocytes

After a single injection of 1·10⁹ heated syngeneic erythrocytes into BALB/c and C57BL mice, antierythrocytic autoantibodies appear, the weight of the lymphoid organs is increased, and lymphoid-reticular hyperplasia is observed on the 13th day. These changes are more marked in BALB/c mice. During the development of the autoimmune response changes occurred in the number of E- and EAC-rosette-forming cells in the thymus and spleen and in the intensity of the response to immunization by sheep's red cells andEscherichia coli endotoxin, when distinct differences were observed between the strains. Injection of somatotropic hormone in a dose of 5 mg/kg daily for 10 days reduced the degree of development of the autoimmune response in mice of both strains, but more strongly in BALB/c mice.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology , Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 305–308, March, 1977.     

A rapid method of inducing amyloidosis in mice

A new modification of the casein model of amyloidosis in mice is suggested, whereby the time for development of amyloidosis is reduced to 5–10 days.Laboratory of General Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 634–635, May, 1978.     

Immunologic specificity of local inhibitory intercellular interactions

The authors described previously local intercellular interactions inhibiting the growth of the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in a suspension of spleen cells from unimmunized mice and increasing sharply with an increase in the density of cultured suspensions. The present investigation shows that preliminary immunization of mice with an antigen abolishes or greatly weakens the inhibition of the increase in the number of AFC relative to that particular antigen, but does not affect the inhibition of the increase in the number of cells forming antibodies against another antigen or inhibition of proliferation of the main mass of dividing cells in culture.Laboratory of Chemistry and Biosynthesis of Antibodies, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. V. Vygodchikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 6, pp. 696–698, June, 1978.     

Properties and kinetics of the B lymphocyte population of rats during development

Cells carrying surface immunoglobulins (Ig⁺ cells) detected by the indirect immunofluorescence method, and cells forming rosettes with sheep's red blood cells (SRBC) with antibodies adsorbed on their surface and with complement (RFC), were found in the liver and spleen of rat fetuses at the 15th and 20th days of development. The relative percentage of Ig⁺ cells and RFC in the liver remained low and about the same level in rats on different days of postnatal development. In the spleen and bone marrow the number of Ig⁺ lymphocytes and RFC increased during the first month of the rat's life, to reach a maximum in animals aged 30 days, and fell sharply in old rats. No Ig⁺ cells or RFC were present in the thymus or they were found in very small numbers at certain times of investigation. Ig⁺ lymphocytes with caps of fluorescence on their surface appeared in the spleen and bone marrow on the fifth and 10th days of life of the rat and their number rose considerably by the age of 30 days and in adult rats. No such cells were present in the lymphoid organs of old (40 months) animals.Laboratory of Embryonic Histogenesis, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 491–494, October, 1977.     

Effect of various factors on the formation of immunological memory

Experiments on mice in which sheep's red cells were used as antigen showed that the height of the secondary immune response of spleen cells in situ or in adoptive transfer is inversely proportional to the dose of red cells used for primary immunization. Cyclophosphamide, injected into the animals simultaneously with the antigen, stimulates the immune response of the mice to the second injection of red cells, but this effect is observed only when comparatively large doses of antigen are used for priming. The mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed.Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 336–339, September, 1977.     

Proliferation and cytotoxicity of thymus lymphocytes in vitro

The proliferative and cytolytic activity of lymphocytes from the spleen and intact thymus was compared after alloimmunization. The number of living cells and of DNA-synthesizing cells in a monoculture of thymocytes was 90–97% less, and in a mixed culture of thymus cells about 80% less that the corresponding number of spleen cells. The index of stimulation of immune thymocytes was several times greater than that of immune spleen cells. The peak of cytotoxicity was observed on the fourth to fifth day of stimulation, when the cytolytic activity of the immune thymocytes was close to the activity of immune spleen cells. The low DNA synthesis and the considerable cytotoxic activity of the immune thymocytes mean that stimulation of thymus cells in vitro can be used to obtain a cell population with a high content of cytolytic T lymphocytes.Laboratory of Systemic Blood Diseases, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 330–333, September, 1977.     

Aggregated immunoglobulins on the surface of rapidly dividing antigen-binding lymphocytes

In the primary immune response of mice to sheep's red cells rosette-forming cells with aggregated immunoglobulins on their surface appear in the fraction of small lymphocytes in the spleen. These cells effectively incorporate thymidine and can be eliminated in vivo by injecting the mice with large doses of the tritiated base. It can be concluded from the results that rapidly dividing lymphocytes, specifically binding antigen, characteristically have aggregated immunoglobulins on their surface.N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 192–194, February, 1977.