经食管心脏电生理检查误诊房室折返性心动过速的不典型房室结折返性心动过速的特点及分析

目的探讨食管电生理检查中被误诊为房室折返性心动过速的不典型的慢快型房室结折返性心动过速的特点。方法回顾性分析5例误诊为房室折返性心动过速患者的食管电生理及心内电生理资料。结果 5例患者在食管电生理检查S1S2程控期前刺激中,均未观察到S2-R间期有跳跃性延长,心动过速的R-P-EB间期70ms;逆行P-波在V1导联直立,下壁导联倒置;食管电生理诊断为左后间隔隐匿性旁道参与的房室折返性心动过速。心内电生理诊断为慢快型房室结折返性心动过速,并成功消融慢径路。结论部分R-P-EB间期70ms的不典型慢快型房室结折返性心动过速食管电生理特点与后间隔隐匿性旁道参与的房室折返性心动过速类似,必要时需心内电生理检查加以明确。     

腺苷敏感性房性心动过速一例

1例心动过速患者心动过速发作心电图示窄QRS波 ,PR间期相似文献   

与房室结传导特性有关的RR间期明显不齐的室上性心动过速

目的报道RR间期明显不齐的、与房室结传导特性有关的室上性心动过速。方法分析本院3年期间行射频消融术治疗的4例RR间期明显不齐的室上性心动过速的体表和心内心电图及其电生理特点。结果 4例患者(男女各2例),年龄31~46岁,经心内电生理检查诊断为房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)和/或房室结1∶2下传,并经射频消融治疗成功。结论部分AVNRT和/或房室1∶2下传引起的心动过速可表现为RR间期明显不齐。     

房室折返性心动过速的心电图诊断

房室折返性心动过速的发生率约占室上性心动过速的50%。是房室之间存在异常传导通路—旁路引发。窦性心律时,激动经房室结和旁路同时下传激动心室,形成室性融合波,体表心电图出现预激综合征特有的心电图改变:①PR间期<0.12s;②QRS波增宽>10s;③有δ波;④继发性ST-T改变;⑤不合并束支阻滞时,QT间期正常。隐匿性旁路只有逆传功能而无前传功能,激动只能经房室结前传,旁路逆传。表现为窦性心律时体表心电图正常,心动过速发作符合房室折返性心动过速的特征。一、房室折返性心动过速的种类与机制房室折返性心动过速可分成:①顺向型房室折返性…     

体表心电图对房室结折返性与房室折返性心动过速的鉴别诊断

为探讨体表心电图对房室结折返性和房室折返性心动过速的鉴别诊断价值,对以射频导管消融、心脏电生理检查、心外膜标测的方法确诊房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)和房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)的88例患者的室上性心动过速发作时心电图作对照研究。结果显示:(1)P'波出现率在AVNRT占33％,在AVRT占100％(P<0.01)。(2)R-P'间期<80ms时常见于AVNRT,而≥80ms多见于AVRT(P<0.01)。(3)AVNRT在下壁导联(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF)常见假性S波,而V_1导联常合并假性r波。(4)AVRT无文氏现象,但常出现束支传导阻滞改变且符合Coumel-Slama定律。认为以上特点对两者鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

室上性心动过速时V_1导联rSr’波的诊断价值

目的　分析经射频消融术证实的 146例房室结双径路合并慢快型折返性心动过速和 12 0例隐匿性预激综合征病人的窦性心律和房室结折返性心动过速时的体表心电图 ,总结具有特异性改变的图形 ,提高体表心电图鉴别室上性心动过速的发生机制以及诊断房室结双径路的准确率。方法　用对比的方法分析窦律下和心动过速时 12导联体表心电图 ,找出心动过速时逆传P’波在不同导联的位置及与QRS波的关系。结果　房室结双径路的病人心动过速时 ,体表心电图 12导联均无逆传P’波 30例 ,发生率 2 0 5 % ;肢体导联无逆传P’波 ,而V1导联呈rSr’波 84例 ,发生率 5 7 5 % ;肢导有假s波 ,V1导联呈rSr’波 2 9例 ,发生率 19 9% ;12导联有假 q波 3例 ,发生率 2 1%。隐匿性预激的病人V1导联仅 1例出现rSr’图形。结论　体表心电图V1导联的rSr’波对房室结双径路合并室上速的诊断特异性强 ,准确性高 ,是快速、准确诊断房室结折返性心动过速的极为有价值的方法。     

房室结双径路折返性与非折返性心动过速一例

1例女性,65岁的患者,发作性心悸5年。发作时体表心电图提示窄QRS心动过速,约190次/分,P波与QRS波呈1∶2关系,RR间期长短交替现象。经心内电生理检查证实为房室结非折返性心动过速,术中也可诱发房室结折返性心动过速,经改良房室结慢径后获得成功治疗。     

消融房室结慢径路导致窦性心律时的长PR间期恢复正常

房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)是以房室结双径路为基础的折返性室上性心动过速。大多数患者窦性心律时体表心电图的PR间期在正常范围。本文报道1例消融术前窦性心律时伴长PR间期的AVNRT患者，消融房室结慢径路后PR间期恢复正常。     

快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的分析快慢型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）患者的临床特征、心电网和电生理检查特点、射频消融治疗特点,旨在为临床长RP。心动过速鉴别提供帮助。方法11例经心内电生理检查证实为慢快型房室结折返性心动过速的患者,回顾性分析其临床特征、心电图特点及电生理检查特点及射频消融治疗。结果心动过速表现为窄QRs波心动过速,RP’〉P’R,P。在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联倒置,RP’间期为350±25ms,心率为1664-30bpm。11例患者中有3例出现室房逆传跳跃现象。心房程序刺激无明显跳跃现象,11例均可由心房StS：刺激诱发心动过速发作,且容易诱发,容易终止。心动过速发作时,5例CS9．10A波最早,6例HiS的A波最早,其中1例静推ATP心动过速终止。11例患者中9例经房室结改良消融传统慢径获得成功,2例在冠状静脉窦内消融成功,术后随访3个月以上均未再发作心动过速。结论长RP’心动过速的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定困难,如能排除慢旁道和房速,应考虑快慢型房室结折返性心动过速。     

体表心电图特征对典型的房室结折返性心动过速和房室折返性心动过速的鉴别作用

对150例射频消融明确诊断的窄QRS心动过速患者的窦性心律和发作室上性心动过速时的心电图进行分析,从而归纳出典型的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)和房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)心电图特征的差异.结果 5项心电图指标对区分这两种心动过速类型有意义.认为对于AVNRT有预测作用的为伪r′波(V1导联)和伪S波(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联).对于AVRT有预测作用的为逆传P波,RP′间期≥70 ms及ST段改变.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.