生物反馈盆底肌肉训练治疗男性获得性尿失禁的体会

目的 探讨生物反馈盆底肌肉训练治疗男性获得性尿失禁效果.方法 61例尿失禁的患者,按照各人意愿将其分为对照组(30例)和实验组(31例).对照组行单纯盆底肌肉训练,实验组接受生物反馈盆底肌肉训练.治疗前后分别计量患者每日自觉尿失禁次数、24h尿垫重量、膀胱残余尿、盆底肌表面肌电信号值.结果 治疗前各项指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后,实验组与对照组比较,盆腔外伤术后以及神经源性尿失禁次数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).余统计量均有差异(P＜0.05).实验组治疗前后比较,神经源性的盆底肌表面肌电信号值为0.076,无差异,余统计量均有差异(P＜0.05).对照组治疗前后比较,神经源性的尿失禁次数以及膀胱残余尿量P分别为0.09、0.05,差异无统计学意义,余统计量均有差异(P＜0.05).结论 生物反馈系统盆底肌肉训练治疗男性获得性尿失禁是一种有效的、治愈率较高的治疗手段.     

骨盆Ⅱ区恶性肿瘤外科治疗建议

目的探讨骨盆Ⅱ区（髋臼周围）原发性和转移性恶性骨肿瘤的外科治疗方法,指导治疗计划设计和外科手术实施,提高骨盆肿瘤治疗水平。方法结合文献资料和我科的经验,分别针对骨盆Ⅱ区原发性和转移性恶性骨肿瘤临床治疗现状进行分析和评述,提出具体的外科治疗计划与建议。结果骨盆Ⅱ区恶性肿瘤的治疗效果依赖于良好的术前设计和综合治疗的实施;原发恶性骨肿瘤力求在有效的化疗基础上进行肿瘤的广泛性切除,同时根据成熟的经验选择适宜的骨盆重建方式,由此方能真正提高骨盆肿瘤的局部控制和功能效果;对于转移性骨肿瘤要以提高患者的生活质量为标准。结论骨盆Ⅱ区恶性肿瘤的外科治疗是骨盆肿瘤治疗的难点,充分认识其治疗特点和现有技术的不足将有利于提高其整体治疗水平。     

Changes in epidemiology and treatment of pelvic ring fractures in Germany: an analysis on data of German Pelvic Multicenter Study Groups I and III (DGU/AO)

The diagnosis and treatment of pelvic ring injuries is demanding. Therefore, standardized classifications characterizing the stability and severity of pelvic ring fractures are essential to define clear algorithms for the treatment of these injuries. The first part of this article provides an overview of the etiology and classification of pelvic ring injuries. We recommend the AO classification to assess the stability of pelvic ring fractures. This classification includes 3 types of pelvic ring fractures: stable fractures (type A), fractures with only rotational instability (type B), and fractures with complete (rotational and translational) instability. To describe the severity of the injury, pelvic ring fractures can be classified as plain pelvic fractures, which include fractures with osteoligamentous instability, but without significant concomitant injuries to the soft tissue, versus complex pelvic fractures, which are combined with severe peripelvic soft tissue lesions.While plain pelvic fractures allow thorough clinical and radiological diagnostics, complex pelvic traumata represent a life threatening situation for the patient, which needs immediate emergency measures. In the second part of the this review we present current data of the German Pelvic Multicenter Study III (DGU/AO) on the epidemiology and treatment of pelvic ring injuries deriving from a study population of more than 3000 patients. In addition, we compare the present data with those of the German Pelvic Multicenter Study I and highlight changes in the epidemiology and treatment of pelvic ring fractures during the past decades. Taken together, we could observe an increasing number of elderly patients sustaining pelvic ring fractures.Regarding the treatment of pelvic ring fractures we found a rising use of external fixators and SI screws, while the number of laparotomies has markedly decreased.     

Blutungskontrolle bei Beckenverletzungen

Pelvic ring fractures are rare but potentially life-threatening injuries due to hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability. Severe blood loss is the leading cause of death in unstable pelvic injuries. The early identification of pelvic hemorrhage is therefore crucial for survival of patients and requires immediate emergency treatment. Detailed knowledge of the anatomical and pathophysiological principles is of great importance, whereby the majority of hemorrhages following pelvic fractures are of venous origin. The control of bleeding is best accomplished with pelvic packing but is, however, initially not possible in the case of pelvic instability induced by fractures; therefore, the concept of stabilization followed by pelvic tamponade is gaining in importance as reflected in the most recent recommendations in the literature. The aim of this article is to review these latest findings, to discuss the newest developments in the therapy of extensive pelvic injuries and to sketch a clearly structured algorithm for the treatment of hemorrhage control in pelvic injuries.     

阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗尿失禁老年人盆底肌康复研究现状

目的研究阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗尿失禁老年人的临床疗效及对盆底肌的影响。方法选取84例从2016年9月至2018年3月本院收治的尿失禁老年患者进行研究,以随机抽签法将其均分为联合组及对照组,每组42例。对照组予以常规盆底肌训练治疗,联合组则予以阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗。对比两组在临床疗效、治疗前后盆底肌力情况、治疗前后尿动力学参数指标水平以及生活质量变化情况等方面的差异。结果联合组与对照组在总有效率方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组盆底肌力分级为Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级的人数占比相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组在VLPP、PMUC水平方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组I-QOL评分相比治疗前较高,且联合组相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。结论阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗老年尿失禁患者的疗效显著,有利于促进盆底肌力的恢复,且有效改善患者尿动力学参数,提高生活质量,具有较高的临床推广应用价值。     

Fraktur des vorderen Beckenringes – die vermeintlich leichte Verletzung

Injuries of the anterior pelvic ring occur in the majority of pelvic ring injuries; however, if the posterior pelvic ring is not affected or only partly unstable, the treatment is trivialized in many cases. In most cases a conservative treatment is selected especially for geriatric patients, whereby the actual surgical treatment ends and rehabilitation begins. Despite the low occurrence of accompanying injuries, treating physicians should always be aware of these life-threatening symptoms. Especially mass bleeding must not be overlooked. The stability of the pelvic ring should also be evaluated during the course and if necessary the treatment should be adapted. Under these circumstances fragility fractures represent an increasing challenge.     

Pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse and health-related quality of life: a review

Pessaries have been used to treat women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) since the beginning of recorded history. This review aims to assess the effect of pessary treatment on the disease-specific, health-related quality of life in women with pelvic organ prolapse. After a Medline search using the Mesh term ‘pessary’ and critical appraisal, 41 articles were selected and used in this review. Pessaries are widely used to treat pelvic organ prolapse. It is minimally invasive and appears to be safe. Although there is evidence that the use of pessaries in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse is effective in alleviating symptoms and that patient satisfaction is high, the follow-up in many published papers is short, and the use of validated urogynaecological questionnaires is limited. Comparison with surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse is rare and not assessed in a randomised controlled trial.     

盆腔脂肪增多症的诊断和治疗

目的：提高对盆腔脂肪症的诊断特点及治疗手段的认识。方法：回顾性分析我科自2011年9月-2012年7月收治的3例盆腔脂肪增多症的临床资料,结合文献复习讨论盆腔脂肪增多症诊治特点。结果：3例患者经尿路平片、静脉肾盂造影、CT和（或）MRI检查诊断后,2例行盆腔脂肪清除加双侧输尿管膀胱再植术,术后病理确诊为盆腔脂肪增多症,随访至今手术效果满意。1例拒绝手术自动出院,随访1年,病情未见缓解。结论：X线、CT及MRI是诊断本病的重要线索和依据。盆腔脂肪清除加双侧输尿管膀胱再植术是治疗盆腔脂肪增多症的有效方法。     

腹腔镜治疗急性盆腔炎28例分析

目的 :探讨腹腔镜诊治盆腔炎的疗效。方法 :为急性盆腔炎 2 8例行电视腹腔镜探查术 ,根据探查情况选择不同术式治疗。结果 :2 8例急性盆腔炎均行腹腔镜手术治疗 ,治愈率 10 0 % ,无并发症发生。结论 :腹腔镜在诊治急性盆腔炎中起着积极的不可或缺的作用。     

肠损伤合并骨盆骨折的诊治探讨

目的探讨肠损伤合并骨盆骨折的早期诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析成功诊治肠损伤合并骨盆骨折13例,其中回肠损伤2例,乙状结肠损伤5例,直肠损伤6例,均合并骨盆损伤。结果本组无病死率,未发生严重术后并发症,远期疗效良好。结论及时、早期诊断和及早手术、选择正确术式是肠损伤合并骨盆骨折治疗的关键。     

Povidone-iodine instillation for management of pelvic lymphocele after pelvic lymphadenectomy for staging prostate cancer

The development of postoperative lymphoceles following pelvic lymph node dissection is a rare complication. It is a well-described complication of kidney transplantation. A patient who developed a symptomatic pelvic lymphocele after pelvic lymph node dissection for staging prostatic cancer was treated with percutaneous tube drainage, but the treatment was in vain. Successful treatment was accomplished with povidone-iodine instillation into the lymphocele. This simple, safe, and painless method for lymphocele treatment is recommended.     

Management of Hemodynamic Unstable Patients "in extremis" with Pelvic Ring Fractures

The hemodynamic status in patients with pelvic ring injuries is a major prognostic factor of an immediate mortality risk. Especially, patients "in extremis" are of high risk to die. This patient group is characterized by absent vital signs or being in severe shock with initial systolic blood pressure .70 mm Hg and/or requiring mechanical resuscitation or catecholamines despite >12 blood transfusions within the first two hours after admission. The sources of pelvic bleeding is in approximately 80-90% of venous origin and relevant arterial bleeding accounts for 10-20%. Important parts of the initial treatment treatment concept include mechanical pelvic ring stabilization combined with hemorrhage control concepts. Mechanical stabilization is performed non-invasively by pelvic binder application or invasively by classical anterior pelvic fixation or posterior pelvic C-clamp, depending on the local available resources. In patients "in extremis" the concept of direct extraperitoneal pelvic packing is recommended, whereas in moderately unstable patients or in patients where persistant hemodynamic instability occurs despite shock therapy and mechanical stabilization and pelvic packing, arterial injury is ruled out by angiography followed by selected embolization of pelvic vessels.     

Leg varices originating from the pelvis: diagnosis and treatment

This article reports the investigation and treatment of 24 women presenting with recurrent lower limb varicosities secondary to reflux within the pelvic venous circulation. Diagnosis based on selective retrograde pelvic phlebography enabled precise identification and classification of sites of incompetence. A total of 74 veins were treated by embolization with platinum coils and glue prior to repeat surgery to the lower limb veins. At 4-year follow-up, signs of stasis had disappeared in all patients. Repeat phlebography revealed no evidence of recurrent reflux at the sites of treatment. One patient developed recurrent varices due to incomplete embolization of incompetent pelvic veins. Endovascular occlusion of incompetent pelvic veins is an effective treatment for varicose veins secondary to pelvic venous incompetence.     

严重骨盆骨折的诊治

目的探讨严重骨盆骨折的诊治策略。方法分析1997年5月～2005年6月收治的38例严重骨盆骨折合并不同类型并发损伤患者的诊断、治疗经过。其中28例经抗休克抢救,31例进行手术内固定,14例分别进行相应的合并症的手术治疗。结果38例患者全部存活,不稳定性骨盆骨折者经手术治疗后骨盆完整性恢复完好。结论及时纠正骨盆骨折所致的失血性休克及其它危及生命的合并症、恢复骨盆环的完整性是治疗严重骨盆骨折的关键。     

Pelvic Floor Therapies in Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a poorly understood clinical entity associated with urinary symptoms, pelvic floor dysfunction, and multisystem disorders. Treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction is difficult and often frustrating for the patient as well as for the involved physician. The purpose of this review is to update clinicians on the latest research for the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in relation to chronic pelvic pain syndrome.     

腹腔镜诊断治疗慢性盆腔痛92例临床分析

目的:通过腹腔镜探查,探讨慢性盆腔痛的各种常见病因及其临床特征和治疗方法。方法:对2000年1月至2004年7月收治的92例慢性盆腔痛患者进行回顾性分析。结果:慢性盆腔痛常见病因有:子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌病、盆腔粘连、慢性盆腔炎、盆腔淤血综合征等。结论:慢性盆腔痛病因复杂,腹腔镜为妇科慢性盆腔痛的诊断提供有利的证据,同时还可进行有效的治疗。     

开放性骨盆骨折治疗中的若干问题(附25例报告)

开放性骨盆骨折是一种严重的创伤,伤情复杂,死亡率高。我们总结了25例开放性骨盆骨折的病例,提出这类损伤有五种类型,认为开放性骨盆骨折—会阴撕裂伤是最常见、最典型的一种。文章强调开放性骨盆骨折的严重性,着重讨论开放性骨盆骨折出血的处理及预防化脓性感染的方法。     

骨盆复位及固定在骨盆骨折后尿道断裂治疗中的作用

目的 探讨骨盆复位及固定在骨盆骨折后尿道断裂治疗中的作用。方法 将４１例男性骨盆骨折后尿道断裂患者分为尿道会师组（第１组）１５例，尿道会师＋骨盆复位及固定组（第２组）２６例，比较两组治疗结果。结果 第１组尿道瘢痕平均长度２．９ｃｍ，尿道有明显移位及弯曲。第２组尿道瘢痕平均长度０．５ｃｍ，尿道修复情况良好。结论 骨盆复位及固定可帮助断裂尿道的复位与固定，提高尿道会师术的效果。     

Management of the Very Weak Pelvic Floor. Is there a Point?

Conservative treatment in the form of pelvic muscle exercises is effective in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. There are no studies specifically looking at women who have extremely weak pelvic muscles and their response to conservative treatment. This study looks at the effectiveness of pelvic muscle therapy in women with very weak pelvic muscles. Out of 965 women attending the bladder clinic at Kirwan Hospital, 219 were assessed to have weak pelvic muscles by digital palpation. All patients were subjected to a detailed urogynecological questionnaire, a frequency/volume chart, and clinical assessment. All patients were then given detailed verbal and written instructions on good bladder habits, including posture, dietetic habits and pelvic muscle exercises. Of the 219 women, 163 were able to complete their treatment and presented for review. Out of 163 women 118 (72%) reported a subjective improvement; 89 (54%) demonstrated an objective improvement in pelvic muscle strength. Correspondence and offprint requests to: Assoc. Prof. Rane, Department of Urogynecology, 100 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas, Townsville, 4812, Queensland, Australia.     

Update on trauma care in Canada. 3. Pelvic ring fractures

Correct assessment and treatment of pelvic ring fractures in the multiply injured patient is important because it can result in fewer deaths and less long-term disability. There is ample evidence to show that surgical stabilization of unstable pelvic ring fractures is a life-saving intervention that should be done on the day of injury. Anterior frame external fixation is the standard form of treatment and is life-saving. However, it is not ideal biomechanically, and over the next decade open reduction and internal fixation of pelvic ring fractures will likely become the treatment of choice.