Effects of rhubarb on arachidonic acid metabolism of the renal medulla in the rabbit

The effects of rhubarb on arachidonic acid metabolism in renal medulla of rabbits were studied in vitro with radiochromatography and radioautography. The results showed that radioactive agent was markedly reduced in the rhubarb group and significant difference vs the control was observed (P less than 0.01). The results indicated that rhubarb blocked the biosynthesis of renal medulla PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in a dose-dependent manner. Also the rhubarb inhibited the biosynthesis of PGA2 and TXB2. It was suggested that the site of action of the rhubarb is at cyclooxygenase level.     

Abnormalities in vascular arachidonic acid metabolism in the infant of the diabetic mother

The infant of the diabetic mother has an increased incidence of thromboses in utero and in the neonatal period. In the adult with diabetes a decrease in prostacyclin formation has been suggested as a cause for the atherothrombotic tendency. We therefore evaluated arachidonic acid metabolism in infants of diabetic mothers. Endogenous radioimmunoassayable 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) was normal in umbilical vessels obtained from the infants of diabetic mothers whose glucose homoeostasis was maintained when compared with control values. Nevertheless, a significant inhibition of vascular production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was observed in infants born to mothers with raised HbA1C concentrations. A decrease in the concentration of plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha was also seen in the infants of diabetic mothers when compared with control neonates. The correlation observed between plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentrations and endogenous vascular prostacyclin formation in the infants of diabetic mothers indicates that the in vitro deficiency of prostacyclin formation reflects a concomitant in vivo abnormality.     

烫伤对大鼠肠粘膜内花生四烯酸代谢物的影响

烫伤引起的应激反应会导致胃肠道粘膜严重损伤,其机制尚不完全清楚。有人认为［１］花生四烯酸代谢产物ＰＧｓ、ＴＸＡ２等,在粘膜损伤和修复过程中起重要作用。但目前对烫伤后肠粘膜内花生四烯酸代谢变化研究较少。本实验通过测定大鼠烫伤后空肠和回肠内三种花生四烯酸代谢产物含量的变化,进一步揭示烫伤导致肠粘膜损伤的发病机制,并为促进肠粘膜修复提供线索。１　材料与方法１．１　仪器　　ＦＴ－６０８１２５Ｉ放免测定仪（中国）,ＢＡＣＫＭＡＮ紫外分光光度计（德国）。１．２　动物　　Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４２只,体重１８０～２…     

Comparative study on the effects of small dose of aspirin combined with Ginkgo-damole injection and the effects of conventional dose of aspirin in treating senile unstable angina pectoris

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic and adverse effect of small dose of aspirin (Asp) combined with Ginkgo-damole injection (GDI) in treating senile unstable angina pectoris (UA).Methods: One hundred and twenty old in-patients of coronary heart disease with UA were randomly divided into two groups. The 60 patients in the treated group were treated with oral administration of enteric soluble 50 mg Asp once a day and GDI 20 ml per day by intravenous dripping, with 14 days as one therapeutic course, while the other 60 in the control group were treated with enteric soluble Asp 100 mg alone once a day orally. Besides, isosorbide-5-mononitrate 20 mg twice a day was applied to both groups, and the β-adrenoceptor blocker, blood lipids regulatory agents and nitroglycerin (10 mg by intravenous dripping) were given accordingly. The angina total improving rate, hemorrheologic indexes (whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, platelet aggregation rate), comprehensive clinical terminal event and the total occurrence rate of adverse reaction in the two groups were observed.Results: After treatment, comparison between the two groups showed insignificant difference in aspects of angina total improving rate (75.00% vs 65.00%), hemorrheological indexes and comprehensive clinical terminal event rate (25.00% vs 31.67%),P>0.05, and the hemorrheological indexes were improved in both groups (P<0.05), but the total occurrence rate of adverse reaction in the treated group was lower than that in the control group (6.67% vs 25.00%), showing significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion: In treatment of senile UA, small dose of Asp combined with GDI showed therapeutic effect similar to that of conventional dose of Asp, but it has lower adverse reaction.     

黄芩苷对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤时花生四烯酸代谢的影响及其作用机制

目的:探讨黄芩苷抑制脑缺血-再灌注损伤的作用机制。方法:线栓法制作大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注大鼠模型。应用RT-PCR、Western-blot以及酶免疫测定方法,观察黄芩苷对环氧化物酶-2(COX-2)、5-脂加氧酶(5-LOX)及其代谢产物前列腺素E2(PGE2)和半胱氨酸白三烯(cys-LT)的影响。使用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测脑组织清蛋白含量,评价黄芩苷对脑缺血-再灌时血脑屏障的影响。结果:①黄芩苷降低脑缺血-再灌注时组织细胞质内5-LOX的含量(P<0.01),抑制cys-LT的合成(P<0.01)。②黄芩苷减轻缺血-再灌注损伤时血脑屏障破坏导致的清蛋白渗出(P<0.05)。③黄芩苷从mRNA水平抑制脑缺血-再灌注时COX-2的诱导表达(P<0.05)。结论:黄芩苷抑制脑缺血-再灌注损伤时细胞内钙超载引起的5-LOX转位表达,从而减少cys-LT的合成,减轻血脑屏障的破坏。     

小剂量阿司匹林对脑卒中患者血尿酸水平影响的临床观察

目的 观察小剂量阿司匹林对脑卒中患者血尿酸水平的影响.方法 收集2015年3～10月在宣武医院神经内科首次住院并诊断为脑梗死的患者100例.将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例.两组在治疗基础疾病的基础上,观察组服用小剂量阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg/d;对照组给予氯吡格雷75 mg/d.入组前所有患者查血尿酸作为基础对照,观察两组患者服药3个月及6个月时尿酸水平.结果 观察组50例,男31例,女19例,年龄平均(62.3±2.9)岁,体重平均(67.1±3.8)kg;对照组50例,男29例,女21例,年龄平均(63.3±2.9)岁,体重平均(66.1±3.7)kg.两组患者年龄、性别、体重等差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组治疗前血尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.958).与对照组比较,观察组治疗3个月、6个月后,血尿酸水平均有显著增加(P=0.012,0.026);观察组治疗后3个月、6个月较治疗前血尿酸水平均有显著增加(P=0.029,0.018).观察组治疗3个月、6个月后较治疗前的高尿酸血症的患病率显著增加(12％,16％;P=0.027,0.006).结论 小剂量的阿司匹林会造成血尿酸水平的增加,可以导致高尿酸血症.但是造成这种作用的比例并不是很高.对于开始服用小剂量阿司匹林的患者至少要在服药3个月时复查血尿酸,以便调整治疗.在选择抗血小板药物的时候,应动态观察,监测血尿酸水平,经过权衡利弊后,根据风险/效益而决定取舍.     

PAF受体拮抗剂对脊髓损伤后花生四烯酸代谢的影响

目的：为了探讨ＰＡＦ受体阻断对脊髓损伤后脊髓组织花生四烯酸代谢的作用及ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂对脊髓损伤的治疗作用机制。方法：应用ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂ＢＮ５２０２１造成猫体内脊髓损伤前、后ＰＡＦ受体部分阻断，分别采用微量滴定法、＾１２５Ｉ放射免疫分析法测定脊髓损伤后６ｈ脊髓组织ＰＬＡ２活性及花生四烯酸代谢产物（ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）含量。结果：伤后脊髓组织ＰＬＡ２活性、ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－Ｐ     

小剂量阿司匹林用于慢性肾脏病患者的效果观察

目的探讨慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者应用阿司匹林的临床效益和风险。方法选择慢性肾脏病(Scr265～442μmol/L)患者214例,剔除12例消化道出血者,最终202例患者进入临床研究,并随机分为2组。观察组101例,给予基础治疗及阿司匹林(75 mg/d口服);对照组101例,给予基础治疗及安慰剂(3粒/d)。2组均随访2年,以Scr水平较基线值增加1倍,或需要进入血液透析作为为主要研究终点,以主要心血管事件作为次要研究终点。结果 (1)治疗2年后,观察组和对照组达到主要终点事件发生率分别为22.8%、24.8%(P>0.05)。(2)观察组次要心血管事件发生率明显低于对照组(5.9%vs 20.8%,P<0.01)。(3)观察组不良反应发生率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(8.0%vs 3.0%,P>0.05)。结论慢性肾脏病患者应用阿司匹林可以明显降低心血管疾病的发生率,且安全性较好。     

小剂量阿斯匹林对老年人胃肠粘膜的影响

目的探讨小剂量阿斯匹林对老年人胃肠粘膜的影响。方法82例服用小剂量阿斯匹林(50~100 mg.d-1)老年患者分成服药<3个月组和>3个月组两组,进行胃镜检查和幽门螺杆菌(Hp)检测并与对照组(自愿健康体检者60例)进行比较。结果观察组患者胃体、胃窦、十二指肠球部粘膜损伤评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),>3个月患者胃体、胃窦、十二指肠球部粘膜损伤评分明显高于<3个月组(P<0.05)。观察组Hp阳性率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组Hp阳性和阴性患者胃、十二指肠球部粘膜损伤评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组Hp阳性患者胃、十二指肠球部粘膜损伤评分明显高于Hp阴性患者(P<0.05)。结论小剂量阿斯匹林对老年人胃肠粘膜有一定损伤,用药时间越长损伤程度越大,Hp感染阳性较阴性胃粘膜损伤重。     

不同阿司匹林起始剂量对ST段抬高心肌梗塞患者溶栓治疗的影响

【目的】探讨对ST段抬高的心肌梗塞（ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者进行溶栓治疗,应用不同起始剂量阿司匹林后的影响。【方法】我们选择了227例STEMI患者作为研究对象。我们比较了应用150 mg和300 mg阿司匹林后,24 h、7 d和30 d死亡率,和住院期间出现中-重度出血的发生率。【结果】113名患者接受首剂300 mg阿司匹林治疗,114名患者接受首剂150 mg阿司匹林治疗。300 mg组和150 mg组的24 h死亡率是3.54%vs3.51%。而7 d和30 d的死亡率分别是5.31%vs4.39%和7.08%vs6.14%（P〉0.05）。300 mg组住院期间出现中-重度出血发生率是12.4%,而150 mg组是8.8%（P〈0.05）。【结论】在STEMI治疗中首剂应用150 mg与300 mg阿司匹林效果相同,但安全系数前者大于后者。     

钙剂联合小剂量肠溶阿司匹林治疗轻度子痫前期患者的临床疗效分析

目的观察钙剂联合小剂量肠溶阿司匹林治疗轻度子痫前期患者的临床疗效。方法选取2012年9月—2014年2月西安高新医院产三科收治轻度子痫前期患者158例,依据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组79例,对照组予以传统的硫酸镁治疗,观察组服用钙剂(钙尔奇)联合小剂量的肠溶阿司匹林,均于终止妊娠前1周停用。观察治疗后2组患者的临床症状和凝血功能改善情况,24h蛋白尿、血清钙及血压的变化,治疗效果和新生儿Apgar评分。结果治疗后,2组患者头痛、水肿及视觉异常等临床症状较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组临床症状改善均优于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者治疗后血压和24h蛋白尿、血清钙较治疗前均有改善(P<0.05),且观察组改善优于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者治疗后纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)较治疗前均有改善,且观察组Fbg、APTT、PT改善均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的治疗总有效率93.67%(74/79)显著高于对照组78.48%(62/79),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组胎心率异常率、新生儿Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论轻度子痫前期患者予以钙剂联合小剂量阿司匹林的治疗效果确切,临床症状和凝血功能改善效果明显,并且能够提高患者体内血清钙水平,降低血压,同时对胎儿无影响,是一种较好的治疗方案。     

不同剂量促肾上腺皮质激素治疗婴儿痉挛的对照研究

目的:比较不同剂量促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)治疗婴儿痉挛(Infantile spasms,IS)疗效的差异,寻找ACTH的最小有效剂量。方法:采用前瞻性随机对照研究,将45例IS随机分为大剂量组(n=15)、中等剂量组(n=15)及小剂量组(n=15)。大剂量组ACTH 5 IU/(kg.d),×2周,随后2周减量至停药;中等剂量组ACTH 2IU/(kg.d),×2周,随后2周减量至停药;小剂量组每日1 IU/kg×2周,随后2周减量至停药。比较ACTH不同剂量治疗IS的疗效、不良反应及治疗后脑电图变化。结果:大剂量组治疗IS的有效率最高,中等剂量与大剂量治疗IS的近期疗效相似,有效率相比差异无显著性(P>0.05),治疗后脑电图变化、痉挛复发及复发时间两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),小剂量组有效率最低,与大剂量组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。小剂量组不良反应发生率最低,中等剂量组不良反应发生率略高于小剂量组,两者相比差异无显著性(P>0.05),大剂量组不良反应发生率最高,与小剂量组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:中等剂量ACTH治疗婴儿痉挛安全有效。     

川崎病79例误诊分析

目的 探讨川崎病误诊的原因及后果。方法 总结79例误诊病例的特点、误诊过程及合并症的情况。结果 川崎病误诊有多方面的因素：①对川崎病的认知缺乏及对疾病诊断缺乏纵观发病全过程的意识；②对与川崎病相鉴别的疾病了解不足，片面地抓住某种临床表现或实验室检查，即做出疾病诊断，而不再解释相继出现的全部表现；③询问病史及查体不够细致。川崎病误诊造成的危害：①冠脉扩张、冠脉瘤及心脏扩大的比率较非误诊病例的比率明显增多；②1个月后误诊病例的冠脉回缩程度较非误诊病例明显减低；③使川崎病患儿在诊治过程中承受一些不必要的检查所带来的痛苦。结论 加强对川崎病的认知，纵观疾病的全过程是减少该病误诊率的关键。     

花生四烯酸氧化应激与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）＂二次打击学说＂认为,氧化应激、脂质过氧化在肝细胞损伤过程中起重要作用.花生四烯酸（AA）作为重要的炎性脂质介质,通过环氧化酶（COX）、脂氧合酶（LOX）、细胞色素P450三大代谢途径来调控肝细胞线粒体内的氧化应激,导致大量脂酸的氧化及脂质过氧化物的形成,肝内胶原的沉积,加重肝细胞的损伤和肝星状细胞（HSC）激活,最终加快NAFLD进展.通过对AA介导的氧化应激在NAFLD发病机制中作用的进一步深入研究,有可能探索出有效治疗脂肪性肝病的新途径,为阻断NAFLD进展提供有力的理论依据.     

亚硝酸钠对饲克山病病区粮大鼠花生四烯酸代谢影响

以低硒（Ｓｅ）低维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）的克山病病区粮饲养大鼠１０周，用腹腔注射亚硝酸盐引起急性缺氧的方法，观察花生四烯酸代谢及其主要产物水平的变化。结果表明，病区粮组大鼠磷脂酶Ａ２活力、花生四烯酸含量、血栓素水平、血栓素／前列环素比值增高；前列环素水平、抗氧化酶活力降低；补Ｓｅ和ＶＥ可使上述变化逆转。结果提示，花生四烯酸代谢紊乱、抗氧化能力降低，是亚硝酸钠与Ｓｅ和ＶＥ缺乏协同引起心肌损害的作用环节。     

双嘧达莫联合人免疫球蛋白及阿司匹林治疗川崎病患儿的效果观察

目的 探究双嘧达莫联合人免疫球蛋白及阿司匹林治疗川崎病（Kawasaki disease,KD）患儿的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年1月至2022年1月九江市妇幼保健院收治的72例KD患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组（36例）和观察组（36例）。对照组患儿予阿司匹林+人免疫球蛋白治疗,观察组患儿在对照组基础上加用双嘧达莫。于治疗8周后评价疗效,比较两组患儿治疗前后的临床症状改善情况及抗血小板聚集相关因子、炎症因子的变化,并记录不良反应。结果 观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为97.22%,显著高于对照组的77.78%（P<0.05）,手足肿胀、发热、黏膜充血、淋巴结肿大及皮疹消退时间均显著短于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后,观察组患儿的白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率、血小板计数、白细胞介素–6、C反应蛋白、降钙素原均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组患儿的不良反应比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 双嘧达莫联合人免疫球蛋白及阿司匹林治疗KD效果确切,可有效改善患儿的临床症状,抑制血小板聚集,减轻炎性反应,且不良反应少。     

A study on the modification of anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of aspirin by nifedipine

Introduction Aspirin has been used as an analgesic from time immemorial. But the recent advances on various aspects of it in reducing risk of various fatal and non fatal diseases warrant a re-look. Objective: This study has been undertaken to assess the anti inflammatory and analgesic action of aspirin and Nifedipine alone as well as in combination and their individual and synergistic effect as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. Materials and methods: The anti - inflammatory and anti - nociceptive effect of aspirin and nifedipine was studied in a group of albino rats of Sprague Dowly strain. Anti - inflammatory action of the drugs were tested in experimentally produced inflammatory model by injecting turpentine oil in to the synovial cavity of knee joint of rats and anti - nociceptive effect was studied by hot plate method . Results From the study it was observed that nifedipine alone was a better anti - inflammatory drug causing 40.10 percent reduction of experimentally produced inflammation in the studied rats on the 12th day of observation compared to aspirin alone(33.80 %) and aspirin - nifedipine combination (39.82%) but as an analgesic nifedipine alone (51.20%) was not found to be as effective as aspirin(88.96%) at 90 minutes of observation. However, when nifedipine was combined with aspirin, it potentiated the anti - nociceptive action of aspirin (107.64 %) at 90 minutes of observation which was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The above finding demonstrated that the dose of Non Steroidal Anti - inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) probably could be reduced when it is combined with Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) and thus the adverse effect of NSAIDs could be reduced considerably. Student's t test was applied for statistical analysis. Key words: Anti inflammatory, anti - nociceptive, synergistic action.