中华硬蜱叮咬105kD纯化抗原免疫接种宿主后其吸血、生殖能力变化的实验研究

目的　观察中华硬蜱叮咬免疫接种宿主后的吸血、生殖能力变化。方法　选用中华硬蜱 10 5kD柱层析纯化抗原对新西兰兔进行常规免疫接种 (3次 )后 ,用中华硬蜱成虫感染 (叮咬 )新西兰兔 ,分别观察空白对照组、佐剂对照组、10 5kD纯化抗原组中华硬蜱雌性成虫的吸血、生殖情况。结果　中华硬蜱 10 5kD纯化抗原可诱导新西兰兔产生显著的抗蜱免疫力 ,使其吸血、生殖能力显著降低 ,其中吸血量较空白叮咬对照组分别下降 6 7 9%、6 5 9% ,产卵量分别下降 74 6 %、73 7% ,并且中华硬蜱吸血时间延长 ,产卵量指数降低。而中华硬蜱叮咬佐剂免疫接种组兔后 ,其吸血、生殖能力较空白对照组相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　中华硬蜱 10 5kD纯化抗原可诱导宿主产生非常有效的免疫力     

H1和H2组胺受体拮抗剂对中华硬蜱感染宿主的影响

中华硬蜱雌性成虫再次感染家兔后，叮咬局部组织中组胺含量较初次感染显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。为了进一步证实组胺在抗蜱免疫中的作用，本文选用苯海拉明（Ｈ１组胺受体拮抗剂）、盐酸雷尼替丁（Ｈ２组胺受体拮抗剂）给再次感染组家兔灌胃，观察使用组胺拮抗剂对中华硬蜱吸血、生殖能力的影响。结果显示：单独给予Ｈ１或Ｈ２受体拮抗剂不改变家兔获得性抵抗力，但同时给予Ｈ１和Ｈ２受体拮抗剂则可明显降低家兔的抗蜱免疫反应，从而使中华硬蜱吸血量、吸血时间、产卵量等较再次叮咬组家兔有显著变化（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

蜱抗原免疫接种诱导宿主抵抗力的研究

本文选用中华硬蜱雌性成虫中肠抗原、卵抗原对家免进行人工免疫接种，在按常规方法免疫接种三次后，用中华硬蟀成虫进行感染（叮咬），分别观察中肠抗原接种组、卵抗原接种组、佐剂对照组和空白对照组中华硬蜱的吸血量、生殖情况。结果显示．中华硬蜱叮咬中肠抗原免疫接种兔后其吸血量、产卵量均较对照组显著降低，蜱的吸血量较佐剂和空白对照组分别下降48．56％和54．65％，产卵量下降52.8％和57.9％，而中华硬蜱叮咬卵抗原免疫接种组兔后其吸血、生殖能力较对照组无显著性差异（P＜0．05）。实验表明中华硬碑中肠抗原可有效诱导宿主产生特异性抵抗力，并对该现象进行了分析讨论。     

叮咬不同免疫力兔后中华硬蜱中肠上皮细胞超微结构的观察

目的　探讨叮咬不同免疫力兔后中华硬蜱中肠上皮细胞的病理变化。　方法　选用中华硬蜱相对分子质量 (Mr)为 10 5 0 0 0纯化抗原 ,按常规方法分别于后足掌、腹股沟以及颈背部多点皮内注射免疫新西兰兔。免疫后每只兔用 3 0只雌性中华硬蜱成虫叮咬 ,于 2 4h、48h、72h、5d及 8d ,每组各取 3只吸血中华硬蜱观察其中肠上皮细胞超微结构的变化。　结果　中华硬蜱初次叮咬兔后 ,消化细胞随叮咬时间延长而增多增大 ,微绒毛较密集 ,排列整齐 ,胞质内细胞器丰富 ,各单位膜结构清晰 ,并出现顶端小管、小泡、大量脂滴和高铁血红蛋白颗粒 ;近基膜的细胞膜内褶形成发达的基底迷路系统。叮咬经Mr 10 5 0 0 0纯化抗原免疫接种兔后 ,中华硬蜱中肠上皮细胞严重损伤和破坏 ,消化细胞数量与体积较初次叮咬组及佐剂对照组间差异具有显著性意义。叮咬后 2 4～ 48h消化细胞表面微绒毛减少 ,变短、排列不整 ,细胞粗面内质网扩张 ,线粒体嵴减少 ,高铁血红蛋白颗粒及脂滴等均较初次叮咬组和佐剂对照组明显减少 ,基底迷路系统空泡化 ,基膜变性、松散和断裂等。叮咬后 72h～ 8d ,细胞器变性、坏死 ,细胞核固缩、碎裂以及细胞溶解、碎裂等。　结论　中华硬蜱叮咬Mr 10 5 0 0 0的纯化抗原免疫接种新西兰兔 ,能使其产生获得性免疫力。     

尿羟脯氨酸测定用于消臌汤治疗肝性腹胀疗效观察

本文采用印会河教授研制的消臌汤治疗肝性腹胀16例,按临床表现分为肝功能代偿组和肝功能失代偿组,为了观察临床疗效,特测定治疗前、后24小时尿羟脯氨酸(HYP)值((?)±s),结果分别为26.9±22.6mg 和35.9±32.8mg,明显高于正常对照组17.7±4.1mg(P<0.01),且治疗后较治疗前亦有显著差异(P<0.05),并对其机制进行了探讨。     

低剂量三羟异黄酮对家兔缺血/再灌注损伤心肌梗死范围的影响

目的研究三羟异黄酮(genistein,GST)对家兔心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤心肌梗死范围的影响。方法通过阻断家兔心脏左冠状动脉前降支45min,再灌注180min引起心肌I/R损伤,测量血流动力学数据及心肌梗死面积,梗死面积(IS)用IS与缺血面积(AAR)的比值表示。结果在心肌I/R期间,平均动脉压(MAP),率压积(RPP)和左心室±dp/dtmax显著降低;损伤对照组的IS/AAR为(61.3±4.5)%,缺血后灌注GST(0.5,1.0,和2.0mg/kg)分别使IS/AAR为(45.5±4.3)%,(42.6±5.1)%(P<0.01)和(57.8±6.2)%(P>0.05)。缺血前灌注GST(0.5mg/kg)使IS/AAR为(35.8±4.4)%(P<0.01)。以上各剂量GST对缺血面积(AAR)没有影响。结论缺血前和缺血后灌注低剂量(≤1.0mg/kg)GST可减少家兔心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型的心肌梗死面积。     

中华硬蜱叮咬免疫接种宿主后中肠病理变化的动态观察

目的 为系统观察中华硬蜱成虫叮咬蜱抗原免疫接种组和佐剂对照组宿主后中肠上皮形态学动态变化，方法 选用中华硬蜱叮咬唾液腺抗原免疫接种组兔才佐剂对照组兔，分别在叮咬后２４ｈ，４８ｈ，７２ｈ以及第５，８天电镜下观察中肠上皮形态学变化，结果 中华硬蜱叮咬唾液腺抗原免疫接种宿主后，蜱中肠上皮遭到曾严重程度的损伤和破坏，消化细胞表面微绒毛减少，变短，排列不整，细胞内粗面内质网扩张，线粒体嵴减少，高铁血红素颗粒     

颈动脉粥样硬化、C反应蛋白与急性脑梗死的关系

目的探讨颈动脉硬化和C反应蛋白与急性脑梗死的关系。方法采用彩色多普勒超声检测86例急性脑梗死患者的颈动脉内膜,免疫比浊法测定其血清C反应蛋白水平,并与40例同期住院的非脑血管疾病患者作对照。结果脑梗死组颈动脉内膜斑块明显多于对照组(P<0.01),且以软斑和混合斑为主,而对照组以硬斑为主;脑梗死组C反应蛋白水平为9.85±2.28 mg/L,显著高于对照组的5.28±1.23 mg/L(P<0.01);软斑、混合斑、硬斑、正常颈动脉、内膜毛糙组C反应蛋白水平分别为9.80±2.43 mg/L、10.72±2.55 mg/L、7.46±2.54 mg/L、6.15±1.71 mg/L及6.38±1.96 mg/L。前两组与后三组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),后三组之间比较没有显著性差异。结论急性脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块明显增多,C反应蛋白水平明显升高,C反应蛋白水平可以反应颈动脉斑块的性质和稳定性。     

急性心肌梗塞、心绞痛患者红细胞膜结合硒的研究

为了探讨红细胞膜结合硒与急性心肌梗塞、心绞痛的关系,本文对32例急性心肌梗塞、32例心绞痛患者及35例正常人分别进行红细胞膜结合硒测定。结果发现:急性心肌梗塞组红细胞膜结合硒测定值显著低于心绞痛组(分别为7.74±1.29ng/mg膜蛋白和9.32±1.82ng/mg膜蛋白;P<0.01),且两组测定值均、显著低于正常对照组(12.47±3.45ng/mg膜蛋白,P<0.01)。     

葛根素抑制家兔髂动脉球囊损伤后再狭窄

观察家兔髂动脉球囊损伤后葛根素抑制损伤部位平滑肌细胞增殖的药效。复制球囊损伤家兔髂动脉造成血管狭窄模型 ,实验分为 5 0mg (kg·d)葛根素治疗组、10 0mg (kg·d)葛根素治疗组和手术对照组 ,通过体外超声定期检测血管腔直径 ,病理切片观察血管内膜和中膜面积。结果发现 ,球囊损伤术后第 5周 5 0mg (kg·d)葛根素治疗组的血管直径 (1.6 6± 0 .4 1mm)和 10 0mg (kg·d)葛根素治疗组的血管直径 (1.5 9± 0 .17mm)显著高于对照组(1.13± 0 .4 3mm)。病理切片结果发现 10 0mg (kg·d)葛根素治疗组内膜 /中膜面积比 (36 %± 18% )显著低于对照组(12 4 %± 6 4 % )。结果提示 ,葛根素对球囊损伤术后血管平滑肌细胞增殖有一定抑制作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.