美国入境航空器客舱内发现活鼠的应急处置报告

2008年1月6日，美国联合航空公司向首都机场出入境检验检疫局（简称机场局）报告：由华盛顿飞抵北京的UA897航班上发现活鼠。接到报告后，机场局立即按照口岸突发公共卫生事件应急处理预案进行处置。应急处置过程包括：控制现场、启动预案、成立指挥部、组织实施监测、确定除鼠方案、加强监测、实验室鉴定及检测、告知确认及放行。经过3d的紧张工作，应急处置工作顺利完成。此次突发事件的成功处置表明：（1）加强对航空器上医学媒介生物的监测，对疫情疫病控制及保障飞行安全有重要意义；（2）加强对航空公司检疫法规的宣传非常必要；（3）加强检验检疫机构与航空口岸相关部门的沟通与协作，对妥善处理口岸突发公共卫生事件十分重要；（4）妥善处理公共卫生突发事件，对完善口岸突发公共卫生事件处置体系建设有重要作用。     

新疆口岸首次从入境航空器内发现活鼠

正2017年6月11-12日,新疆出入境检验检疫局乌鲁木齐机场办事处(以下简称机场办)成功处置1 起由塔吉克斯坦共和国入境新疆乌鲁木齐国际机场航班发现活鼠的应急事件,现将处置情况报告如下:1 发现鼠患2017年6月11日17:35,机场办接到机场运控中心电话,称由塔吉克斯坦杜尚别飞抵乌鲁木齐国际机场的CZ6020次航班(机身识别号B1919,机型     

一起入境航空器鼠患事件的应急处置

<正>2017年3月16日12:03,首都机场出入境检验检疫局(以下简称机场局)检疫人员接到中国国际航空公司商调电话,称洛杉矶至北京的入境航空器客舱中发现有鼠类活动。该航班计划落地时间为18:20。1应急处置[1-2]接到报告后,检疫人员立即启动航空器鼠患应急预案,迅速开展鼠患事件的组织协调、现场检疫处置等工作。1.1控制现场3月16日18∶15,航班到达指定     

某航空公司航空器发生鼠情应急处置

探讨民用航空器发现鼠迹后,对航空器鼠情进行应急处置,为民航行业内航空器发生鼠情应急处置流程提供参考依据。本次采用CO_2熏蒸法进行除鼠,用4只小白鼠作为对照试验监测法来判定灭活除鼠效果,经CO_2熏蒸12 h后,4只小白鼠死亡率为100%,达到除鼠效果。CO_2熏蒸法可作为航空器发生鼠情应急处置方法的重要参考之一。     

在入境货轮货仓捕获活鼠的处置

正有无鼠患是入境船舶检疫查验的重要内容之一。南通出入境检验检疫局曾报道一起在入境船舶捕获21只活褐家鼠事件~([1]),张家港出入境检验检疫局也报道一起在入境装载原木货轮上捕获3只死鼠的事件~([2])。以上案例均是在船员生活区发生,传染病传播风险较大,但大宗散装矿产品的货轮上捕获活鼠未见报道。1案例简介2017年5月9日,黄骅港出入境检验检疫局工作人员对"汉通一号"外轮3号货仓货物进行现场查     

首都机场口岸入境航空器输入性蜚蠊调查

〔目的〕了解首都机场入境航空器上输入性蜚蠊的种类、数量和航空器侵害率等情况。〔方法〕2005—2008年,在首都机场口岸对86 873架入境航空器进行卫生处理后,收集蜚蠊标本进行调查。〔结果〕在来自20个国家的97架次入境航空器上捕获输入性蜚蠊123批次515只,经鉴定分为3科12属18种,以德国小蠊最为常见。〔结论〕输入性医学媒介可通过航空器从世界各地传入我国,威胁机场的卫生安全,同时给我国造成物种侵害,因此应加强航空器的医学媒介生物控制工作。同时应根据各个国家航空器蜚蠊侵害率的不同,对来自不同国家、地区的不同卫生状况的航空器实施分类,进行分级管理,更加有效地控制医学媒介生物传入。     

深圳福田口岸入境旅客首例B型流感病例应急处置

2008年3月23日,深圳福田口岸入境红外线热成像体温监测系统发现1名入境旅客监测体温为38.1℃。现场卫生检疫人员立即将该旅客送至深圳国际旅行卫生保健中心福田口岸工作部进行现场医学排查。经流行病学调查、临床诊断和实验室检查确定该旅客为B型流感患者。深圳国际旅行卫生保健中心和深圳皇岗出入境检疫检疫局检疫人员对该病例采取了相应的卫生检疫措施。     

航空器发现鼠类处置方法的研究

目的了解航空器上的老鼠种类和危害及其处置方法。方法采用鼠夹、鼠笼和粘鼠板监测与控制航空器发现的鼠类,辅之以粉迹法调查鼠类活动情况。结果入侵航空器的鼠类中小家鼠比较常见;正确使用鼠夹、鼠笼和粘鼠板可成功捕获航空器上入侵的鼠类。结论航站楼鼠类的监测与控制是航空器鼠类综合管理(IPM)的重要组成部分;粘鼠板、鼠夹和鼠笼捕杀是航空器鼠类处置较理想的手段,能在最短的时间内将其杀灭。     

珠海口岸处置一例入境继发性肺结核病例的情况报告

目的防止传染病经过口岸传播。方法对入出境旅客进行传染病监测。结果在拱北口岸发现一例中国澳门居民体温异常、咳嗽,出现全身乏力、消瘦,体重明显减轻等症状,经珠海出入境检验检疫局(以下简称珠海局)国际旅行保健中心检查,确诊为继发性肺结核,该旅客在卫生检疫人员监护下入院治疗,病情好转后出境。结论应加强对入出境旅客结核病疫情监测,同时加强口岸卫生监督与卫生宣传。     

南京禄口国际机场入境航空器电讯检疫技术报告

1基本情况 南京禄口国际机场（以下简称禄口机场）是1997年7月1日建成并投入使用的省会干线机场。已开通国内外航线85条，直接与9个国家、2个地区通航，年出入境航班近4000架次。执行国际航班任务的主要有港龙航空公司、澳门航空公司、新加坡航空公司、韩亚航空公司、东航江苏公司。禄口机场的空中监管由机场公司指挥中心负责，地勤工作全部由机场公司承担。机场公司指挥中心、航空公司签派室，各自拥有先进的无线电通讯设备，负责日常地空联系。东航江苏公司签派室负责本公司的航空器，其余国际航班均由南京禄口国际机场有限公司（以下简称机场公司）指挥中心负责联系。     

一起喷漆工被临床诊断为镉中毒致死事件的职业流行病学调查

某制帘厂1名喷漆工人因急性呼吸循环衰竭死亡,司法鉴定结论提示患者符合从事油漆工作致慢性镉中毒伴急性循环和呼吸功能衰竭死亡。但经职业流行病学调查分析发现,患者职业病危害接触史及临床资料不支持职业性急、慢性镉中毒,排除职业性镉接触导致中毒的可能。提示,在做出与职业性相关的诊断结论时,需要以充分的现场职业卫生调查为前提,否则容易引起劳动纠纷。     

Factors related to experiencing respiratory failure in cases of opiate overdose for which care was provided in an open setting. Barcelona, Spain

BACKGROUND: To determine the factors associated with respiratory arrest in opiate overdoses (coma, pupillary miosis, respiratory depression, and response to naloxone) among injecting drug users in the Can Tunis quarter of Barcelona. METHODS: We ran a transversal observational study where all overdoses assisted between March, 2001 and June, 2002. After overdose treatment, data were collected using a standard questionnaire, including: patients' sociodemographic data, opiate and other substances' use prior to overdose, clinical signs and symptoms presented, and medical intervention received, by way of a standardised questionnaire. Logistic regression was used as a tool for analysis. RESULTS: Of 222 opiate overdose cases, 60.8% showed respiratory arrest. Of all risk factors tested, only prior abstinence heroin abstinence for 2 weeks or longer days (OR=1.893; p=0.04), and no previous consumption of benzodiazepines (OR:0.462; p=0.017), proved to have a statistically significant association with suffering a respiratory arrest. Concomitant use of alcohol, cocaine or methadone appeared not associated with suffering respiratory arrest in opiate overdose. CONCLUSIONS: The main risk factor for respiratory arrest in opiate overdoses was a prior abstinence period of more than 2 weeks. Benzodiazepines use was associated with absence of respiratory arrest in overdose cases. Alcohol or methadone use, as well as the use of larger quantities of heroin, was not associated with suffering respiratory arrest in opiate overdoses. A study of other factors, not included in this study, and that could interfere with our results, should be considered for their possible relationship to benzodiazepine use as well as to absence of respiratory arrest in overdose cases.     

Evidence for an immune-dependent action of praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni in mice

Effective schistosomicidal action of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice appears to be dependent to some extent on appropriate immunological stimulation. Indirect evidence consistent with this hypothesis was obtained by demonstrating a positive relationship between drug efficacy and both the intensity and the age of the parasitic infection. More directly, it has previously been shown that praziquantel kills fewer S. mansoni worms in immunosuppressed T cell-deprived mice than in immunologically intact controls; and we show here that infections 5 weeks old, against which the drug alone is sub-optimally active, are more effectively killed by a combination of drug and a rabbit antiserum raised against adult worm antigens.     

The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and Emergency Department

The Royal College of Physicians (London) recently published its latest report on alcohol misuse entitled 'Alcohol - Can the NHS Afford It?'. Part of this document, encompassing our views, has made specific recommendations for the management of patients in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department who may possibly have, or are at risk of developing, Wernicke's encephalopathy. Patients showing evidence of chronic alcohol misuse and suspected of having a poor diet should be treated at the outset with B vitamins intravenously or intramuscularly, especially when the clinical signs are initially masked by drunkenness at presentation to the A&E Department. This commentary offers a review of the scientific foundations on which these recommendations have been made.     

The Impact of an Increase in User Costs on the Demand for Emergency Services: The Case of Portuguese Hospitals

Evidence on the impact of user costs on healthcare demand in ‘universal’ public National Health Services (NHS) is scarce. The changes in copayments and in the regulation of the provision of free patient transportation, introduced in early 2012 in Portugal, provide a natural experiment to evaluate that impact. However, those changes in user costs were accompanied with changes in the criteria that determine which patients are exempt from copayments, implying that simple comparisons of user rates would be biased. In this paper, we develop a new methodology to evaluate the impact of increases in direct and indirect user costs on the demand for emergency services (ES) in the presence of compositional changes in co‐payment exempt and non‐exempt populations. Our results show that the increase in copayments did not have an effect in moderating ES demand by paying users, but we find significant effects of the change in transport regulation. Thus, our results support the conclusion that indirect costs may be more important than direct costs in determining healthcare demand in NHS‐countries where copayments are small and wide exemption schemes are in place, especially for older patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The efficacy of live and inactivated vaccines of Hong Kong influenza virus in an industrial community: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines.*

Intranasal vaccines of inactivated or living attentuated A2/Hong Kong influenza viruses were compared for clinical acceptability, serological effects and protective efficiency against natural epidemic influenza in a large industrial and clerical population.     

辽宁省含风疹成分疫苗纳入国家扩大免疫规划对风疹发病影响

目的评估含风疹成分疫苗(RV)纳入扩大国家免疫规划(NEPI)对风疹发病趋势的影响。方法收集辽宁省2004—2016年风疹发病率,利用中断时间序列分析(ITSA)数据的分段回归模型,分析辽宁省风疹发病率变化趋势。结果 RV纳入NEPI前,风疹月发病率均值为1.22/10万,发病率呈上升趋势,平均逐月增加0.018/10万,差别有统计学意义(P=0.01)。RV纳入NEPI后,风疹月发病率均值为0.176 2/10万,发病率较疫苗干预前立即下降(β2=1.702 9,P=0.006 8)。干预后风疹月发病率的斜率为–0.006 1,相比干预前下降了0.024 1,但2阶段斜率差别无统计学意义(P=0.124)。结论 RV纳入NEPI降低了风疹发病水平,但远期作用尚未显现。