Computed tomography of normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and measurements of the normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on computed tomographic scans and to identify features that could aid in the diagnosis of syndesmotic diastasis using computed tomography (CT).     

Scintigraphy of injuries to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

Ankle sprains are a common injury and may occur in as many as 75% of sporting participants. More complex injuries involving a rotational component may lead to injury of the interosseous membrane, its supporting ligaments, or the tibial plafond, compromising the integrity of the ankle mortice. Four such cases that show the scintigraphic manifestation of the injury are presented. In addition to the standard planar views of the ankles, special magnified anterior views were obtained with the feet in internal rotation of 25 degrees to 35 degrees. These special views facilitated the diagnoses.     

两种材料螺钉固定下胫腓联合损伤的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 通过前瞻性随机对照研究评估金属(钛合金)和生物可吸收(多聚左旋乳酸)螺钉固定下胫腓联合的疗效,并分析潜在的并发症风险.方法 2007年1月- 2008年5月共48例踝关节骨折伴下胫腓联合损伤患者入组.通过随机数字表法实现完全随机分组,其中金属螺钉固定组20例,可吸收螺钉固定组28例.47例患者接受至少2年的随访,进行影像学和临床评估.结果 总随访率达98％.两组患者人口学信息差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访满1年及2年时,两组间Baird评分各指标、总分及Baird评级差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).至随访末,两组患、健侧踝关节之间活动度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).可吸收螺钉组主要出现2例中度排异反应及2例下胫腓异位骨化并发症.结论 可吸收螺钉是下胫腓联合损伤固定的有效内置物,与金属材料螺钉相比,可避免二次手术取出,同时可以达到与前者相同的固定效果.但其也存在多种并发症的可能,如排异反应及异位骨化等不容忽视.     

下胫腓锁定钛缆固定装置的生物力学评价

目的 观察下胫腓锁定钛缆固定装置的生物力学性能,并与拉力螺钉内固定对比,从抗分离及应力遮挡两方面进行评价.方法 6个尸体踝标本先进行压力-分离实验及应力检测实验,其数据作为正常组供对照,然后制作下胫腓联合损伤模型,并将标本随机分为2组(n=3),分别应用下胫腓锁定钛缆及拉力螺钉内固定治疗下胫腓联合损伤,再进行压力-分离试验及应力检测试验,分析比较2种方案的抗分离能力及应力遮挡等生物力学性能.结果 下胫腓螺钉与下胫腓锁定钛缆均可提供足够坚强的横向抗分离作用,但下胫腓螺钉的坚强固定对胫骨及腓骨的正常纵向应力传导均有影响,而钛缆固定对胫骨的纵向应力传导影响很轻微(与正常组比较,P＞0.05),对腓骨纵向应力传导的影响也明显小于螺钉固定(P＜0.05).结论 下胫腓联合锁定钛缆固定装置既能提供足够的横向抗分离作用,又降低了对胫、腓骨的纵向应力遮挡,其生物力学性能优于传统的下胫腓拉力螺钉.     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯人工韧带重建治疗下胫腓联合体损伤中期疗效分析

目的观察聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)人工韧带以不同固定方式重建治疗下胫腓联合体损伤的中期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年3月~2014年12月应用PET韧带重建治疗27例下胫腓联合体损伤,男性16例,女性11例;年龄22~47岁,平均35.5岁。其中伴踝部骨折26例,单纯下胫腓联合体损伤1例;采用双侧悬吊技术或者单侧悬吊加可吸收螺钉挤压螺钉固定技术。结果对患者随访18~23(20.4±1.3)个月。术后X线片显示下胫腓联合间隙、踝穴解剖正常,至术后18个月无复位丢失。美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝关节功能评分评定疗效,优18例,良8例,一般1例。结论PET人工韧带重建术能够提供短时间恢复功能所需要的高韧性,早期恢复踝关节活动范围。采用单侧悬吊加可吸收螺钉挤压螺钉固定技术可明显缩短手术时间。     

The additional value of an oblique image plane for MRI of the anterior and posterior distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

Objective  

The optimal MRI scan planes of collateral ligaments of the ankle have been described extensively, with the exception of the syndesmotic ligaments. We assessed the optimal scan plane for depicting the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.     

Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament for chronic disruption of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

Purpose  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical results of anatomical reconstruction of anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) for the chronic tibiofibular syndesmotic disruption after typical pronation external rotation (PER) stage 4 injury.     

Ligamentous injury of the lower tibiofibular syndesmosis: radiographic evidence

A retrospective analysis of the ankle radiographs of 86 patients with disruptions of the distal tibiofibular syndesmotic ligaments and comparison with radiographs of 100 patients with normal ankles revealed several findings useful in identifying these lesions. These observations included location and character of lateral malleolar or fibular fractures, avulsions of the tibial or fibular syndesmotic attachments, talar tilt or displacement, and distortion of the normal tibiofibular and tibiotalar relationships. Injuries to the ligamentous support of the ankle may be subtle and overlooked. Recognition of these findings and an understanding of the mechanisms of injury will facilitate radiologic diagnosis of syndesmotic injuries and will allow for surgical repair to prevent potential complications.     

MR-plastination-arthrography: a new technique used to study the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

Purpose  The purpose of this study was to describe a new technique called MR plastination arthrography to study both intra- and extra-articular anatomy. Materials and methods  In six human cadaveric lower legs MR arthrography was performed in either a one-step or two-step procedure. In the former a mixture of diluted Gadolinium and dyed polymer was injected. In the latter the dyed polymer was injected after arthrography wih diluted Gadolinium. Three-millimeter slices of these legs, obtained in a plane identical to that of the MR images, were plastinated according to the E12 technique of von Hagens. The plastination slices were subsequently compared with the MR images. Results  The one-step procedure resulted in an inhomogeneous arthrogram. The two-step procedure resulted in a good correlation between the high-resolution MR images and plastination slices, as expressed by a good comparison of anatomic detail of the small syndesmotic recess. Conclusions  Images of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis obtained with plastination arthrography correlated well with images acquired by MR arthrography when performed in a two-step procedure.     

双带绊纽扣钢板治疗下胫腓联合损伤的临床研究

目的 探讨双带绊纽扣钢板治疗下胫腓联合损伤的疗效.方法 自2008年2月~2010年1月,采用双带绊纽扣钢板治疗伴下胫腓联合损伤的踝关节骨折脱位14例.通过随访及标准的足踝功能评分,评估该治疗方法的疗效.结果 14例均获随访,随访时间13~35(16.1±2.3)个月.术后X线片均见踝穴正常.根据改良Baird-Jac...     

Lateral dislocation and incarceration of the posterior tibial tendon through the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

A case of acute, traumatic, lateral dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon is presented as a unique pattern of posterior tibial tendon dislocation. Several attempts at both closed and open reduction were required to relocate the tendon and reduce the fracture-dislocation. This case is being presented to demonstrate the use of cross-sectional imaging to both recognize the initial bony injury and to identify tendon anatomy and pathology that may not be seen in the operating room with limited visualization.     

MRI findings associated with luxatio erecta humeri

Objective  

Luxatio erecta humeri is a rare type of inferior glenohumeral dislocation with a unique radiographic appearance; however, the magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with this dislocation have not been described in the radiology literature. The purpose of this study is to identify magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with this uncommon type of glenohumeral dislocation.     

Injury of the tibiofibular syndesmosis: value of MR imaging for diagnosis

PURPOSE: To compare the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with the use of arthroscopy for the diagnosis of tibiofibular syndesmotic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 58 patients who had ankle sprains or distal fibular fractures and underwent surgery. All patients were examined with MR imaging for diagnosis of tibiofibular syndesmotic injury. When MR imaging revealed ligament discontinuity (criterion 1) or either a wavy or curved ligament contour or nonvisualization of the ligament (criterion 2), the injury was considered to be a ligament disruption. After MR imaging, ankle arthroscopy was performed in all patients for a definitive diagnosis of ligament disruption. RESULTS: Arthroscopic findings showed anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) disruption in 28 patients and posteroinferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) disruption in five patients. When an MR imaging diagnosis was based on criterion 1 only, the diagnosis of AITFL disruption was made with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 70%, and an accuracy of 84%, and the diagnosis of PITFL disruption was made with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 94%, and an accuracy of 95%. When an MR imaging diagnosis was based on criteria 1 and 2, the diagnosis of AITFL disruption was made with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 93%, and an accuracy of 97%, whereas the diagnosis of PITFL disruption was made with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 100%. CONCLUSION: MR imaging with use of both criteria is highly accurate for the diagnosis of tibiofibular syndesmotic disruption.     

Chronic tibiofibular syndesmosis injury of ankle: evaluation with contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed 3D fast spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state MR imaging

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the accuracy of coronal contrast material-enhanced fat-suppressed three-dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state (SPGR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, as compared with that of routine transverse MR imaging, in the assessment of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury, with arthroscopy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review board of the College of Medicine in Yonsei University approved this study; informed consent was waived. The study group comprised 45 patients (26 men, 19 women; mean age, 32.1 years; range, 18-58 years) with a chronic ankle injury who had undergone MR imaging and arthroscopic surgery. Three independent readers retrospectively reviewed the two sets of MR images (one set of gadolinium-enhanced 3D fast SPGR images and one set of routine T1-, T2-, and intermediate-weighted images). Scores from 1 to 5 in increasing order of the probability of injury were assigned to both sets. Arthroscopy was the reference standard. Syndesmotic recess height was measured on contrast-enhanced images. The two sets of images were compared for diagnostic performance with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Dissection and histologic examination of six cadaveric ankles was performed to assess the syndesmotic area and ascertain the enhancing structure at MR imaging. RESULTS: At arthroscopy, syndesmotic injury was found in 24 ankles but not in 21 ankles. Areas under the ROC curve were significantly higher for the contrast-enhanced images (P<.05). The contrast-enhanced set showed higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity compared with the routine set for the assessment of syndesmosis injury. Mean syndesmotic recess height was significantly greater (P<.05) in patients with syndesmotic injury. Dissection and histologic examination revealed a highly vascular synovial fold in the syndesmotic area that is expected to enhance at MR imaging. CONCLUSION: In the assessment of chronic syndesmosis injury, coronal gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed 3D fast SPGR MR images were more sensitive, specific, and accurate than routine MR images.     

非酮症高血糖性舞蹈病的CT、MRI表现

目的 通过分析非酮症高血糖性舞蹈病的CT和MRI表现与临床表现之间的关系,以探讨该疾病的影像诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析6例非酮症高血糖性舞蹈病的影像表现和临床资料.6例均行CT平扫,其中1例行MR扫描.6例中3例行CT复查,1例行MR复查.结果 6例患者CT均表现为一侧或两侧纹状体密度增高,均累及壳核,其中5例同时累及苍白球外侧部或尾状核;3例CT复查表现为受累纹状体密度减低或密度增高影消失.1例T1WI表现为两侧豆状核高信号,T2WI表现为低信号;MRI复查示受累豆状核T1WI和T2WI信号无变化.所有患者的舞蹈病症状均在血糖控制后2～6 d内消失.结论 典型的CT和MRI表现有助于非酮症高血糖性舞蹈病的诊断     

Three-dimensional volume rendering of tibiofibular joint space and quantitative analysis of change in volume due to tibiofibular syndesmosis diastases

OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of ankle syndesmosis injuries is made by various imaging techniques. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the three-dimensional reconstruction of axial CT images and calculation of the volume of tibiofibular joint space enhances the sensitivity of diastases diagnoses or not. DESIGN: Six adult cadaveric ankle specimens were used for spiral CT-scan assessment of tibiofibular syndesmosis. After the specimens were dissected, external fixation was performed and diastases of 1, 2, and 3 mm was simulated by a precalibrated device. Helical CT scans were obtained with 1.0-mm slice thickness. The data was transferred to the computer software AcquariusNET. Then the contours of the tibiofibular syndesmosis joint space were outlined on each axial CT slice and the collection of these slices were stacked using the computer software AutoCAD 2005, according to the spatial arrangement and geometrical coordinates between each slice, to produce a three-dimensional reconstruction of the joint space. The area of each slice and the volume of the entire tibiofibular joint space were calculated. The tibiofibular joint space at the 10th-mm slice level was also measured on axial CT scan images at normal, 1, 2 and 3-mm joint space diastases. RESULTS: The three-dimensional volume-rendering of the tibiofibular syndesmosis joint space from the spiral CT data demonstrated the shape of the joint space and has been found to be a sensitive method for calculating joint space volume. We found that, from normal to 1 mm, a 1-mm diastasis increases approximately 43% of the joint space volume, while from 1 to 3 mm, there is about a 20% increase for each 1-mm increase. CONCLUSIONS: Volume calculation using this method can be performed in cases of syndesmotic instability after ankle injuries and for preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the integrity of the tibiofibular syndesmosis.     

单臂外固定架治疗儿童胫腓骨远端骨折

目的探讨单臂外固定器固定在儿童胫腓骨远端骨折治疗中的可行性及其并发症的防治,提高对儿童该类骨折的治疗水平。方法采用单臂外固定器固定治疗儿童胫骨或胫腓骨远端骨折23例,其中男性17例,女性6例;年龄2～13岁,平均年龄5岁7个月。开放性骨折8例。结果随访2～4年。23例均未见骨折不愈合及畸形愈合。按照Paley骨折愈合标准评分:优13例,良7例,中3例;优良率87%。其中发生延迟愈合5例,6例有针道感染征象,5例有螺钉部分松动,4例行超踝关节固定患儿术后踝关节功能受限,恢复较差。结论采用单臂外固定器固定治疗儿童胫腓骨远端骨折是一种安全、简便的固定方法,软组织损伤轻,骨折端血运破坏少,骨折临床愈合快,并允许早期关节活动及负重练习,减少了关节功能障碍的发生,适用于几乎所有类型的儿童胫腓骨骨折,尤其是合并严重软组织损伤修复后需长期换药或合并血管、神经损伤者;但对于合并有严重骨质疏松、广泛皮肤病变,及因为年龄或其他因素不能配合术后管理的患儿应慎用。     

Acute traumatic injury of the distal descending aorta associated with thoracic spine injury

A rare case of traumatic injury of the distal descending aorta associated with thoracic spine injury is reported. A 21-year-old man was admitted after a traffic accident. Thoracic CT and angiography demonstrated a false aneurysm of the distal descending aorta and a compression fracture of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. At emergency surgery, a transverse linear tear at the level of the aortic hiatus was confirmed and repaired. Received 30 October 1996; Revision received 3 March 1997; Accepted 26 March 1997