低频电磁场促进骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的实验研究

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤被视为一种有前途的治疗方法,如何更有效地促进骨髓间充质干细胞在脊髓损伤区存活,加速脊髓损伤肢体运动功能的恢复是目前研究的重点。前期研究发现,低频电磁场能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖分化,低频电磁场是否可应用于骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤还需进一步研究。 目的：探讨低频电磁场对移植骨髓间充质干细胞脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能恢复的影响。 方法：采用脊髓压迫法制备64只T10不完全性脊髓损伤大鼠模型,随机等分为对照组、骨髓间充质干细胞组、电磁场组和电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组。造模成功后,骨髓间充质干细胞组和电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组大鼠脊髓损伤原部位注射大鼠全贴壁法分离培养BrdU标记的骨髓间充质干细胞,对照组和电磁场组注射a-MEM培养液。造模术后24 h,电磁场组和电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组予60 min/d的低频电磁场刺激(频率50 Hz、强度5 mT)。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞移植后第21天,电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组BBB评分与其他组相比,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),与其他各组比较,电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组移植细胞后,大鼠BrdU阳性细胞在脊髓损伤区域生长并与脊髓组织融合,存活细胞数量较其他组多;空洞面积小;损伤区胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达更少,而基质金属蛋白2表达更多;脊髓损伤大鼠下肢运动功能恢复最快(P < 0.05)。提示低频电磁场促进了移植骨髓间充质干细胞脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能的恢复,可能与低频电磁场有利于损伤区移植骨髓间充质干细胞的存活,上调基质金属蛋白2的表达并减少胶质瘢痕的形成有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞修复损伤脊髓的实验及临床应用短期随访

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的研究已经逐渐由动物实验过渡到临床,但其作用机制还不完全清楚。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓功能的修复作用,并通过临床应用观察短期疗效。 方法：采用改良Allen's打击法造成Wistar大鼠脊髓损伤模型,将体外分离培养的骨髓间充质干细胞分别经尾静脉及损伤局部移植,应用改良Tarlov评分评定大鼠行为学变化,在光镜下对损伤脊髓病理切片进行对比分析。对5例脊髓损伤患者通过损伤原位注射、腰穿、静脉输注的方式行人自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植,并行神经功能及生活能力评定。 结果与结论：治疗后15 d,骨髓间充质干细胞尾静脉及损伤局部移植组大鼠运动功能评分较模型对照组显著提高;移植后7,15,30 d,脊髓病理切片显示骨髓间充质干细胞尾静脉及损伤局部移植组大鼠较模型对照组有显著恢复。临床患者骨髓间充质干细胞移植后半年神经功能及生活能力均有改善。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向脊髓损伤区的迁徙

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植到脊髓损伤区域后,如何观察其在体内的生存和转归情况,一直是让人困扰的问题。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞在大鼠脊髓损伤区内的迁徙情况。 方法：36只Wistar大鼠随机分为2组,实验组制作脊髓损伤模型1周后,经尾静脉移植用DAPI标记的骨髓间充质干细胞(1×109 L-1) 1 mL,连续注射2 d。对照组未行脊髓损伤,与实验组同一时间同法行骨髓间充质干细胞移植。分别于移植后5,10,15 d,制作损伤脊髓冰冻切片,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察骨髓间充质干细胞的迁徙情况。 结果与结论：实验组于移植后5 d,在脊髓损伤组织血管内出现少量荧光标记的骨髓间充质干细胞,10 d后有血管外弥散,15 d后有广泛弥散。对照组均未见DAPI标记的骨髓间充质干细胞。结果表明骨髓间充质干细胞经大鼠尾静脉移植后,能透过血脊髓屏障向损伤脊髓组织迁徙。     

骨髓间充质干细胞尾静脉移植脊髓损伤大鼠脑源性神经营养因子及神经生长因子的表达

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤有治疗作用,但其机制尚不完全清楚。 目的：应用免疫组织化学方法观察骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植损伤脊髓局部脑源性神经营养因子及神经生长因子的表达,分析骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的作用途径。 方法：运用改良Allen法制备T10脊髓外伤性截瘫大鼠模型,假手术组6只,脊髓损伤组24只随机分为对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组。骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、假手术组接受骨髓间充质干细胞单细胞悬液1 mL(1×10⁶ cells)自大鼠尾静脉缓慢注射移植,对照组静脉注射PBS 1 mL。 结果与结论：脊髓损伤后损伤局部的脑源性神经营养因子、神经生长因子表达增加,骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射移植后能促进脊髓损伤局部脑源性神经营养因子、神经生长因子更进一步的表达,这可能是促进神经结构及神经功能恢复的因素之一。     

神经节苷脂联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗颅脑创伤

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞可以在体内外诱导下分泌神经营养因子,还可向神经元方向转化,从而促进创伤脑组织再生修复,但骨髓间充质干细胞又存在生存周期短的问题而影响其发挥对损伤脑组织的保护作用。目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合神经节苷脂治疗大鼠颅脑创伤的效果。方法：60只Wistar大鼠采用液压颅脑损伤仪制备大鼠重型颅脑创伤模型,建模24 h后按照随机表法随机分为3组：模型组经尾静脉注入1 mL DMEM培养液,移植组经尾静脉注入1 mL(1×10¹⁰ L^-1)骨髓间充质干细胞悬液,联合组经尾静脉注入1 mL(1×10¹⁰ L^-1)骨髓间充质干细胞悬液以及经腹腔注射神经节苷脂水溶液(30 mg/kg),1次/d,共3 d。伤后24 h,细胞移植后3 d及1,2,3,4 周依据Longa 5分法进行神经功能行为学评分;移植后3 d应用RT-PCR、Western blot检测创伤脑组织中水通道蛋白4基因和蛋白的表达;移植后1周,行苏木精-伊红染色观察创伤脑组织病理变化。结果与结论：移植后3 d及1,2,3,4 周,联合组神经行为学功能评分低于移植组(P < 0.05),移植组低于模型组(P < 0.05);移植后3 d,模型组创伤脑周围组织水通道蛋白4蛋白及mRNA的表达高于移植组(P < 0.05),移植组高于联合组(P < 0.05);苏木精-伊红染色观察到联合组脑组织恢复明显优于模型组和移植组(P < 0.05)。结果提示骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合神经节苷脂可以明显改善颅脑创伤大鼠的神经行为学功能。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程      

骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合吡拉西坦修复大鼠脊髓损伤

背景：单纯的干细胞移植对脊髓损伤的修复作用并不理想,主要是因为脊髓损伤后损伤区域神经组织的水肿、缺血、缺氧等引起继发性损伤造成的。 目的：在骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的同时应用吡拉西坦,观察两者对大鼠脊髓损伤恢复的影响。 方法：雌性Wistar大鼠参照改良Allen打击法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型。随机分成3组,即单纯损伤组、骨髓间充质干细胞移植组及骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合吡拉西坦组。于伤后1,2,4,6,8周进行BBB评分和斜板实验等运动功能检测。第4周取材行病理切片苏木精-伊红染色,通过SRY-PCR检测雄性大鼠Y染色体上特有的基因SRY,从而得知移植骨髓间充质干细胞是否存活。8周后取材,行辣根过氧化物酶示踪观察,并通过透射电镜观察轴突的再生情况。 结果与结论：伤后4周,骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、联合治疗组大鼠后肢运动功能均有较明显恢复,联合治疗组较骨髓间充质干细胞移植组恢复快(P < 0.05)。单纯损伤组亦有所恢复,但程度较轻。病理切片单纯损伤组未见神经轴索通过;骨髓间充质干细胞移植组可见少量神经轴索样结构;联合治疗组可见较多神经轴索样结构。骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、联合治疗组有SRY基因表达,单纯损伤组未检测到SRY基因。辣根过氧化物酶阳性神经纤维数联合治疗组﹥骨髓间充质干细胞移植组>单纯损伤组,差异具有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。透射电镜下,骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、联合治疗组正中横断面可见新生的无髓及有髓神经纤维。提示骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合吡拉西坦促进大鼠损伤脊髓结构和功能恢复的效果明显优于单纯细胞移植组,两者联用具有协同效应。     

骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤

背景：干细胞移植可以重建中枢神经系统的结构和功能,近年来引起了广泛的关注。 目的：尾静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞观察其对大鼠脊髓损伤修复的影响并探讨其机制。 方法：密度梯度离心法结合贴壁筛选法分离骨髓间充质干细胞。将成年雌性Wistar大鼠以动脉瘤夹钳夹法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型后随机分为细胞移植组和对照组,分别干预。 结果与结论：细胞移植组大鼠BBB后肢功能评分恢复优于对照组(P < 0.05)。自损伤后第30天开始,细胞移植组大鼠运动诱发电位潜伏期及体感诱发电位P1波潜伏期的恢复均优于对照组(P < 0.05),并持续至实验结束。细胞移植组大鼠脊髓内在损伤中心及头、尾端距离脊髓损伤中心1 cm处均可见阳性细胞。说明尾静脉注射移植骨髓间充质干细胞可以促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能恢复,其机制可能与移植细胞迁移到损伤部位,分化为神经元样和神经胶质细胞样细胞,并分泌或促进宿主分泌神经营养因子有关。     

银杏达莫注射液联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植改善脑梗死后的神经功能

背景：通过细胞移植重建损伤脑组织成为治疗脑梗死的新途径,骨髓间充质干细胞成为近年来细胞移植治疗领域的研究热点。 目的：探讨银杏达莫注射液联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脑梗死大鼠神经功能的改善作用及相关机制。 方法：利用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型,建模成功后60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、细胞移植组及联合组。对照组尾静脉注射PBS、细胞移植组尾静脉注射2.5×109 L-1的骨髓间充质干细胞悬液、联合组尾静脉注射2.5×109 L-1的骨髓间充质干细胞悬液和银杏达莫2 mL/kg,1次/d,连续注射5 d。于移植后的1,3 d及1,2 周进行mNSS行为学评分,以观察大鼠神经功能缺损状况。移植后2周RT-PCR检测脑组织中脑源性神经生长因子、生长相关蛋白43基因表达变化,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况,免疫组化法检测BrdU阳性细胞数。 结果与结论：移植后的1,3 d各组大鼠神经功能缺损评分差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),在移植后1,2周,联合组神经功能缺损评分低于细胞移植组及对照组(P < 0.05);移植后2周,联合组脑源性神经生长因子、生长相关蛋白43 mRNA表达明显高于细胞移植组及对照组(P < 0.05),联合组凋亡细胞数目明显少于细胞移植组及对照组(P < 0.05),联合组BrdU阳性细胞数量明显多于细胞移植组及对照组(P < 0.05)。结果表明骨髓间充质干细胞联合银杏达莫干预能促进脑梗死组织脑源性神经生长因子、生长相关蛋白43 mRNA的表达,抑制细胞凋亡,改善大鼠神经功能。  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程      

骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植脊髓损伤大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α及 白细胞介素1β的表达

背景：研究认为间充质干细胞的营养支持在脊髓损伤治疗中起了主要作用,其同损伤宿主神经组织间的相互作用可导致一些不利于损伤修复的炎症因子表达减少。 目的：观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射移植对脊髓损伤后肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β 表达的影响。 方法：运用改良Allen法制备大鼠T10脊髓外伤性截瘫模型,随机分为对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组,设未损伤脊髓的假手术组做对照。骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、假手术组均接受大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射移植,对照组静脉注射等量PBS。 结果与结论：对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组损伤脊髓肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达较假手术组有明显增加(P < 0.05);骨髓间充质干细胞移植组与对照组比较, 肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达受到明显抑制(P < 0.05)。提示大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植后能使损伤脊髓局部的肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β表达程度降低。这可能是改变脊髓损伤区的微环境,减少脊髓继发性损伤,促进损伤大鼠运动功能恢复的机制之一。     

白细胞介素6受体单克隆抗体与骨髓间充质干细胞可减少急性脊髓损伤神经元的凋亡

 BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that interleukin-6 is crucial for inducing cell apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to treat acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group (spinal cord injury group), treatment group 1 (interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody transplantation group), treatment group 2 (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group), treatment group 3 (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell+interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody group), with six rats in each group. In the sham group, the spinal cord was only exposed with no injury, and in the other four groups, rat models of acute spinal cord injury were made using modified Allen’s method. Local injection treatment was performed in all the groups at 28 days after modeling. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and improved Tarlov scoring were used at 1 day before treatment and 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after treatment to test the hindlimb function. At 28 days after treatment, TUNEL method was used to detect cell apoptosis in the spinal cord. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores were decreased significantly in the other four groups (P < 0.05). At 7 days after treatment, the BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores in the treatment group 3 were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05). At 14 days after treatment, the BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05); compared with the treatment group 2, the BBB score and improved Tarlov score were significantly increased in the treatment group 3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the other four groups (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in the three treatment groups (P < 0.05); compared with the treatment group 2, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly lower in the treatment group 3 (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the combined use of interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is better than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alone in the treatment of spinal cord injury, and interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody reduces cell apoptosis in spinal cord injury, which is of positive significance for preventing against acute spinal cord injury.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植脊髓损伤小鼠运动功能的恢复

背景：研究证实,移植的骨髓间充质干细胞可被定向诱导分化为神经细胞,重建神经环路,促进轴突再生,恢复脊髓功能。 目的：进一步验证骨髓间充质干细胞在脊髓损伤修复中的作用。 方法：C57BL/6小鼠40只随机分为4组,假手术组不打击脊髓;其余小鼠采用重物撞击法建立脊髓损伤模型。损伤后的第7天,治疗组用微量注射器,经眶静脉丛注入骨髓间充质干细胞悬液;对照组注入等量 DMEM培养基;模型组不做处理。通过苏木精-伊红染色法判断脊髓损伤程度。通过免疫细胞化学法鉴定骨髓间充质干细胞分化形成的神经细胞。通过荧光显微镜观察移植细胞生长状态;通过改良Tarlov评分法评价小鼠运动功能恢复程度。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化7 d后的细胞呈NF和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性表达。模型组小鼠双下肢呈瘫痪状态,假手术组行动正常(P < 0.01)。细胞移植后2周,治疗组小鼠运动功能缺失症状逐渐恢复,对照组小鼠恢复不明显 (P < 0.05);细胞移植4周后,细胞移植组小鼠Tarlov评分与假手术组相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明骨髓间充质干细胞移植可提高脊髓损伤小鼠的运动能力。     

蛛网膜下腔移植磁标骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤

背景：干细胞移植可以重建中枢神经系统的结构和功能,近年来引起了广泛的关注。 目的：探讨超顺磁性氧化铁标记骨髓间充质干细胞对兔脊髓损伤神经功能恢复的作用。 方法：采用密度梯度离心法和贴壁法体外分离培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞。制作兔脊髓损伤模型,并在蛛 网膜下腔置管以备移植。将实验白兔随机分为3组：标记组移植超顺磁性氧化铁标记细胞;未标记组移植未标记细胞;对照组不移植细胞只注射PBS液。 结果与结论：两移植组在细胞移植14 d后运动功能BBB评分高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);但两组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。细胞移植后1,7,14,21,28,35 d,脊髓损伤区域局部组织上出现大量含蓝色铁颗粒的细胞。经蛛网膜下腔移植标记骨髓间充质干细胞可定向迁移到脊髓损伤区域,并能促进脊髓损伤神经功能恢复。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的应用技术

背景：目前临床上对脊髓损伤患者脊神经的萎缩与坏死缺乏有效的修复方法。研究发现干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤具有广阔的应用前景。 目的：综述骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展。 方法：由第一作者检索2001/2011 PubMed 数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方数据库(http://g. wanfangdata.com.cn/)有关骨髓间充质干细胞、脊髓损伤、细胞移植等方面的文章,英文检索词为 “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,spinal cord injury,cell transplantation”,排除重复性研究,共保留其中的32篇文献进行归纳总结。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究在脊髓损伤模型制作、移植时间、移植方式、移植浓度、联合移植等多方面取得了成就,临床实验在国内外也已有所开展。但移植机制仍不十分明确,临床移植治疗的安全性和疗效需进一步研究。     

胰岛素样生长因子1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞转化为少突胶质细胞移植修复急性脊髓损伤

BACKGROUND:Treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury is a complicated problem, and the reconstruction and remyelination of neural reflex pathways are the essential process, during which oligodendrocytes play an important role in spinal cord injury repair. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of oligodendrocyte transplantation for acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS:Insulin-like growth factor 1 induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into oligodendrocytes, and those oligodendrocytes were transplanted into rats with acute spinal cord injury as induced cell transplantation group. Simple normal saline and natural oligodendrocytes were transplanted into the rat injured spinal cord as control group and oligodendrocyte group, respectively. Rat behavioral changes were observed by inclined plane test and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores. Neurological recovery and survival of the transplanted cells was detected and observed using spinal evoked potential and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, BBB scores and the critical elevation angle of the incline plane test significantly increased, latencies of spinal motor and sensory evoked potential were on the decline (P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in above indicators between the two groups at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation. Moreover, survived oligodendrocytes after transplantation could be found in the lesions of spinal cord in both two groups. In conclusion, insulin-like growth factor 1-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into oligodendrocytes that exact an excellent role in acute spinal cord injury repair after transplantation, which achieve the equal clinical efficacy to the natural oligodendrocytes.     

盐酸川芎嗪联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤模型大鼠的神经保护

BACKGROUND: Ligustrazine hydrochloride which promotes nerve repair can be applied to the treatment of nervous system injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on electrophysiological property and hindlimb function of rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS: T9 spinal cord transection injury models were made in rats using Allen’s method, and then rat models were randomized into three groups: rats in control group received tail vein injection of culture solution; rats in cell transplantation group underwent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via the tail vein; rats in combined group were subjected to the tail vein injection of ligustrazine hydrochloride and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that lasted for 4 hours. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were used to detect the motor function of rats. At 72 hours after modeling, RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region. At 4 weeks after modeling, somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were measured for evaluation of neurophysiological recovery. At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase tracer was used to assess the regeneration of rat spinal cord nerve fibers; PKH-26 labeling was used to observe the survival and migration of transplanted cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were significantly higher in the combined group than the cell transplantation followed by the control group (P < 0.05). At 72 hours after modeling, the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region was significantly higher in the combined group than the cell transplantation group and control group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, the latencies of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group < cell transplantation group < control group (P < 0.05); the amplitudes of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group > cell transplantation group > control group (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase-labeled pyramidal cells in the cell transplantation group and combined group showed apparent crossing signs; the number of PKH-26-positive cells and horseradish peroxidase-positive cells was the most in the combined group followed by the cell transplantation group, and was the least in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation can facilitate nerve cell regeneration, promote the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor, and improve motor function in rats after spinal cord injury.