人工血管管壁涂层生物材料的生物相容性评价

对人工血管管壁涂层的生物材料进行生物相容性的实验评价.按照国际标准,对相关单个和混合材料进行急性全身毒性试验、热源试验、溶血试验和细胞毒性试验. 结果表明:本实验涉及的生物材料胶原蛋白、聚乳酸以及混合组分材料均符合生物相容性评价实验的安全标准.说明胶原蛋白和聚乳酸作为复合型人工血管管壁涂层材料具有生物相容性和安全性,可为临床产品的研制提供依据.     

肾功能衰竭患者采用不同血液透析膜材料的生物相容性对比分析

背景：血液透析是急、慢性肾功能衰竭的主要治疗方法,血液透析机是利用半透膜,通过弥散、对流和过滤等程序净化血液,把患者血液中的代谢废物和过多的电解质交换排出体外,透析膜的选择会直接关系到血液透析的治疗效果。 目的：利用CNKI数据库文献检索和深度分析功能,对血液透析膜材料的研究文献资料进行多层次探讨分析。 方法：检索CNKI数据库2002-01/2011-12学术期刊库有关血液透析膜材料的研究文献,采用检索词为“血液透析;透析膜;生物材料”,对文献出版时间、文献数量、学科类别、来源期刊、基金资助、作者分布、研究机构、主要关键词、文献被引频次和下载频次进行相关分析,对检索的文献通过文字和图表的形式作以表述。 结果与结论：共检索到95篇文献参与结果分析。从文献数量上看,2002年发表文献量最多为20篇;《中国血液净化》杂志产出的文献量最多为19篇;从文献的关键词分析可见,血液透析膜主要应用于尿毒症的治疗,透析膜材料的研究重点为生物相容性,包括透析膜对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激、血磷清除的影响等。通过文献计量学方法对CNKI数据库学术期刊库关于血液透析膜材料研究的文献进行分析,可为中国从事血液透析膜材料基础研究和临床实施的工作者提供科研思路和有价值的数据。     

人工角膜材料分类及材料表面改性和生物相容性的研究

背景：角膜病和白内障是引起眼盲的主要原因,可以通过角膜移植的方法治愈,人工角膜的出现,使角膜移植摆脱了供体缺乏和移植成功率低的问题,为角膜盲的患者带来新的希望。 目的：利用CNKI数据库文献检索和深度分析功能,对人工角膜材料学研究及人工角膜材料分类和设计的文献资料趋势进行多层次探讨分析。 设计：文献计量学分析。 资料提取：以电子检索方式对CNKI数据库2002-01/2011-12有关人工角膜材料学研究的文献进行分析,采用检索词为“人工角膜(Artificial cornea);生物材料(Biomaterials);生物相容性(Biocompatibility);水凝胶(Hydrogel);羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HA)等”,对检索的相关文献运用数据库中自带的分析功能和Excel软件绘制图表的功能进行分析,通过文字和图表的形式将统计和计量数据分析,描述其分布特征。 入选标准：纳入标准：①与人工角膜材料相关的基础研究论文。②与人工角膜材料临床应用相关的论文。③与人工角膜材料分类相关的研究论文。④与人工角膜材料设计相关的研究论文。排除标准：①与文章目的无关的文献。②重复研究的文献。③刊社信息。④未发表的文章。⑤需电话追踪和手工检索逐一分析的文章。⑥年鉴。 主要数据判定指标：以CNKI数据库学术期刊文献出版时间、文献数量、学科类别、研究机构、来源期刊、文献被引频次、文献下载频次、关联文献、作者分布、基金资助情况和主要关键词进行相关分析。并对CNKI数据库中博士学位论文、优秀硕士学位论文、重要会议论文和专利技术进行分析。 结果：在CNKI数据库学术期刊收录2002/2011的文献中,共检索到48篇与人工角膜材料学研究相关的文献。文献数量产出趋于平稳,最多的时间在2005年共9篇;《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》杂志发表文献量较多为9篇,占全部文献的18.8%;人工角膜材料学研究基金资助以国家自然科学基金项目为主;人工角膜材料学研究主要以水凝胶、羟基磷灰石为主,突出材料表面改性和生物相容性的研究。 结论：通过文献计量学方法对CNKI数据库关于人工角膜材料的文献进行分析,可为中国从事人工角膜材料学基础研究和临床实施的医务工作者进一步确定科研思路提供有价值的参考。 关键词：人工角膜;生物材料;生物相容性;水凝胶;羟基磷灰石;文献计量 缩略语注释：CNKI：China National Knowledge Infrastructure,中国知识基础设施工程 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.031     

体外循环与血液生物相容性

行心外科手术的患者可因体外循环（ＣＰＢ）中的血液激活而引发一系列术后严重并发症。认识并改善ＣＰＢ中的血液生物相容性可有效控制并消除ＣＰＢ后的不良反应。     

介入用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性研究

介入导管优良的血液相容性是确保血管内介入技术安全可靠进行的重要因素，我们对自己合成的四种介入导管用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性进行了评价，包括溶血试验、血小板黏试验、动态凝血时间试验和动态血栓形成实验。结果表明，其中的H50-100和H60-100具有优良的血液相容性，完全可以用作介入导管材料。此外，还讨论了聚氨酯结构与血液相容性的关系。     

组织因子途径抑制因子对涤纶人工血管材料表面血栓形成影响的体内研究

组织因子是机体外源性凝血途径的起始因子,研究证实它与生物材料在机体内诱发的血栓形成密切相关,我们以前进行的体外研究发现用组织因子的抑制因子－组织途径抑制因子（tissue factor pathway inhibitor,TFPI）处理生物材料可以明显延长在其表面发生的凝血时间。本文进一步探讨了重组TFPI进行涤纶人工血管材料对其植入动物血管内后诱发血栓的影响。本研究中将涤纶人工血管材料裁成细条并浸润于谷胱甘肽硫基转移酶（glutathione-S-transferase,GST或GST－TFPI融合蛋白溶液中置4℃过夜,然后植入实验犬的双侧股动脉,随时记录股动脉的搏动情况,2h后取出材料进行血栓称重,我们的结果显示重组TFPI处理材料可以明显延长动脉闭塞时间及减少材料表面的血栓形成,这提示TFPI在改善生物材料血液相容性方面的巨大应用潜力。     

新型聚氨酯材料的血液相容性及毒理学研究

目的 通过对新型聚氨酯材料的血液相容性及毒理性研究，评价新型聚氨酯作为人工心脏辅助泵体材料的可行性。方法 实验包括溶血实验、刺激试验及全身急性毒性试验，观察72h组织及动物反应情况。结果新型聚氨酯材料溶血指数小于5％，血液相容性良好，无明显毒性。结论此种新型聚氨酯符合人工心脏辅助泵体材料的要求。     

联合PU—80E和成科大Ⅱ型嵌段聚醚聚氨酯脲的血液相容性研究

本文是研究国内研制的两种新嵌段聚醚聚氨酯(SPEU)材料(联合PU-80E和成科大Ⅱ型)的血液相容性。     

镍铬合金材料与口腔软组织的生物相容性

BACKGROUND: Ni-Cr alloy ceramic materials are accepted by the majority of patients due to the low prices, and more than 50% of patients choose the Ni-Cr alloy porcelain teeth. Due to the materials persisting in the electrolyte environment, precipitation of nickel ions can cause allergy in some patients. How to improve the biological safety of Ni-Cr alloy materials arises more attention. OBJECTIVE: Using CNKI database literature search and the depth of analysis capabilities, to explore the literature data trends in the study of biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue. DESIGN: Bibliometric data analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A search of related literature of biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue was performed in CNKI database using the key words of “Ni-Cr alloy”, “biomaterials” and “biocompatibility”, during 2002-01 to 2011-12. Own database analysis capabilities and Excel charting functions were used to retrieve literature analysis; through the form of text and charts, the data were analyzed to describe the distribution characteristics. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusive criteria: ①Basic research papers related to Ni-Cr alloy materials. ②Papers related to the clinical application of Ni-Cr alloy materials. ③Research papers related to biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials. Exclusive criteria: ①Literature has nothing to do with the purpose of this review. ②Duplication of research literature. ③Journal’s own information. ④Unpublished papers. ⑤The article need telephone follow up to analyze and manual searches. ⑥Year book. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: In CNKI database, academic journal articles published year, literature number, subject category, research institutions, source journals, literature citations, literature download frequency, associated literature, distribution of the author, distribution of the fund and major keywords were analyzed, the Ph.D. thesis, outstanding master's degree papers, conference papers, patented technology, biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue research literature were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 107 research literatures related to biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue were retrieved in CNKI during 2002-2011. The number of papers was gradually increased. Most literatures were published in 2007 (n=18). Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research published eight literatures, accounting for 7.5% of all literature. A total of 14 foundation projects mainly belonged to the Provincial Science and Technology Foundations. The frequently used key words were Ni-Cr alloy, Ni-Cr alloy porcelain crown and porcelain crown. From the analysis result of key words, the comparative studies between metal ceramic and Ni-Cr alloy porcelain accounted for the majority. Main researches were based on the effect of Ni-Cr alloy on the periodontal tissue. CONCLUSION: Through the bibliometric data analysis on biocompatibility of Ni-Cr alloy materials and oral soft tissue in CNKI database, we can provide valuable reference for Chinese medical worker in Ni-Cr alloy basic research and prosthodontics.     

人工硬脑膜材料的生物相容性

背景：目前研究应用的硬脑膜修补材料主要有自体组织修补材料、同种异体材料、异种生物材料和人工合成材料。 目的：评价修复硬脑膜缺损各种修补材料的性能和应用,寻找合理的硬脑膜修补材料。 方法：以 “硬脑膜,材料”中文关键词,采用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库2000-01/2010-12中相关硬脑膜缺损修补材料学研究及各种材料在硬脑膜缺损修补临床应用情况的文章。 结果与结论：目前国内使用自体组织、同种异体材料、异种生物材料和人工合成材料等硬脑膜修补材料分别存在着来源困难、易粘连、不易保存、不易消毒或生物相容性差等缺点,自体组织修补材料在可利用的情况下仍为首选,其中异种生物材料因其良好的生物相容性及理化特性成为目前临床应用最广泛的硬脑膜修补材料。虽然异种生物材料是目前临床上大量使用的硬脑膜修补材料,但由于其存在各自不可避免的缺点,硬脑膜修复材料仍需进一步开发。     

层层静电自组装表面修饰静电纺丝人工血管的生物相容性研究

背景大、中口径人工血管已成功用于临床,但是由于材料的疏水性小口径人工血管仍不能满足临床的需要。因此,提高人工血管材料的亲水性、抗凝血性一直是医学界研究的热点。目的研究静电自组装修饰后的电纺丝纤维膜的形貌特征、细胞相容性和组织相容性。方法利用静电自组装技术将壳聚糖和肝素修饰到静电纺丝聚乳酸纤维膜表面,通过扫描电镜观察组装前后电纺丝纤维的形貌特征;将人脐静脉内皮细胞种植与组装前后的纤维膜上,通过MTT测试检测细胞增殖能力;通过将组装前后不同材料植入兔皮下15天,通过HE染色检测其组织相容性。结果 SEM结果显示,成功将壳聚糖/肝素组装到电纺丝纤维膜表面。MTT结果显示组装后的电纺丝纤维膜促进HUVEC的增殖。兔皮下植入实验结果显示组装修饰后的电纺丝膜具有良好的组织相容性。结论静电自组装成功应用于静电纺丝中,并且电纺丝纤维膜经修饰后成功提高材料的细胞相容性和组织相容性。     

Biocompatibility of carbon-carbon materials: blood tolerability

Carbon-carbon composites are well known in the field of aerospace technology. Such composites have been proposed to be used as biomaterials, particularly in contact with blood. To evaluate their haemocompatibility, samples were tested in vivo and in vitro, using radiotracers. In vivo study showed the accumulation of platelets on the exposed surface material with any surface morphology, whereas platelet concentration in blood remained constant. In vitro study allowed us to distinguish, among entrapped platelets, active adhering platelets from those mechanically retained and it appeared that the bulk structure of materials influenced the adhesion mechanism of platelets.     

人工血管基因修饰的研究进展

人工血管基因修饰是利用基因工程技术将目的基因转入人工血管内衬的内皮细胞中 ,使之分泌抗凝分子等 ,以增强人工血管的抗血栓能力 ,延长其体内通畅时间。至今 ,已先后将β- gal、t- PA等分子基因修饰人工血管获得成功 ,其体内外实验也初步显示了这一技术应用的良好前景和巨大潜力。基因修饰技术的应用将给人工血管带来崭新的变化 ,使之成为一种非常有前途、具有重要应用价值的治疗工具和手段     

血液相容性抗凝血生物医用高分子材料的制备及其机制

背景:由于生物医用材料要接触人体内环境,甚至必须植入生物体内,因此要求具有无毒性、优良的生物相容性、高化学稳定性、合适的物理机械性能以及易加工成型性。 目的：从生物惰性材料、生物活性表面和白蛋白的结构及其在抗凝血上的应用几个方面分析血液相容性抗凝血生物医用高分子材料的制备及其机制。 方法：由第一作者检索1969/2010 PubMed数据及万方数据库有关血液相容性抗凝血生物医用高分子材料的制备及其机制等方面的文献。 结果与结论：目前抗凝血材料的制备基本上只是采用单独的生物惰性表面或生物活性表面,虽然都获得了较好效果,但不能长期保持其生物相容性尤其是血液相容性,如果能将惰性表面与活性表面结合起来,使材料同时具备两者的长处,并能充分利用人体血液中的天然组分白蛋白或许会是抗凝血材料的一个发展趋势。今后希望通过采用高生物惰性的PEU和具有生物活性的白蛋白识别因子cibacron blue复合,合成具有优良性质的活性改性物,并以此对聚氨酯进行改性。     

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in small-diameter artificial blood vessel

Journal of Artificial Organs - In the tissue engineering research field, the presence of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood of adults represents a promising...     

Biocompatibility of blood tubings

We studied hemocompatibility of various blood tubings with C3a anaphylatoxin measurement and comparative electron scanning microscopy. The following tubing materials were tested: polyvinylchloride (PVC) plasticised with phthalate (PVC), pvc plasticised with phthalate coextruded with polyurethane (PIV), and two phthalate-free lines: pvc plasticised with trimellitate coextruded with polyurethane (TRI) and pvc plasticised with LT 360 (LTP). Results of C3a generation rate showed a significant activation by all blood tubings, with a reduced rate with PIV when compared to all others. Electron scanning microscopy showed marked alterations of PIV surface on tubings stored for 6 months. Protein deposits on internal surfaces after dialysis were similar whatever tubing material was tested, but adhesive cell number was greater with TRI when compared to PVC and LTP. Hemocompatibility is unchanged with phthalate-free tubings when compared to phthalate plasticised ones. In contrast with phthalate plasticised PVC there is no beneficial effect of polyurethane coextrusion with trimellitate plasticised PVC in regard to C3a generation.     

Evaluation of the in vitro and ex vivo blood compatibility of primary reference materials

The blood compatibility of the primary reference materials, low density polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane, was evaluated using human in vitro and human ex vivo test devices, and was compared with that of polyetherurethane and polyvinylchloride. The effect of the materials on in vitro platelet activation was studied by measurement of platelet factor 4 release by enzyme immunoassay. The adsorption of fibrinogen and platelets from human native blood onto the surface of the material was measured using enzyme immunoassay technique. The four materials tested exhibited significantly different effects on in vitro platelet activation. In addition, the materials adsorbed fibrinogen and platelets to a different extent under ex vivo test conditions. Materials, which induced strong in vitro platelet activation, e.g. low density polyethylene and polyvinylchloride, demonstrated high concentrations of fibrinogen and platelets on the surface when tested under ex vivo conditions. Polydimethylsiloxane and polyetherurethane, which induced slight in vitro platelet factor 4 release, absorbed significantly lower concentrations of fibrinogen and platelets from human native blood.     

下腔静脉人工血管置换术后放疗对血管内膜的影响

目的 观察术后放疗对犬下腔静脉人工血管置换术后人工血管内膜的影响.方法 犬16只完全随机法分为对照组(n=8)和放疗组(n=8),均行下腔静脉膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)人工血管置换术.放疗组于术后第2N行体外35 Gy放疗,对照组术后不予放疗.2N犬均于术后第8N采集标本,观察人工血管通畅率,并行HE染色、人工血管内膜厚度测量,增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及CD34免疫组化检测,计算人工血管内膜100μm内皮细胞数.结果 术后第8周,放疗组人工血管通畅率为100%(8/8),对照组为75%(6/8).放疗组各段人工血管内膜厚度较对照组明显减少[近心端:(610.69±32.90)μm比(753.39+10.36)μm,中段:(530.51±32.14)μm比(636.55±20.23)μm,远心端:(544.52±41.99)μm比(710.39±30.92)μm,均P＜0.01].放疗组各段人工血管内膜的PCNA阳性细胞百分率较对照组减低[近心端:(45.1±7.5)%比(56.3±7.8)%,中段:(29.2±4.1)%比(36.6±4.9)%,远心端:(33.8±5.5)%比(40.7±6.7)%,均P＜0.05].2组人工血管内膜100μm内皮细胞数的比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 下腔静脉人工血管术置换后35 Gy体外放疗不影响移植人工血管通畅率,对内膜血管平滑肌细胞的覆盖亦无明显影响,但可抑制人工血管内膜增生和PCNA的表达.     

下腔静脉人工血管置换术后放疗对血管内膜的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative irradiation on the neointima of artificial blood vessel after prosthetic vessel replacement of inferior vena cava in dogs.Methods Sixteen dogs underwent ePTFE (expended poly-tetra fluoroethylene) prosthetic vessel replacement of inferior vena cava and were then randomly divided into radiotherapy group and control group (n=8 each).For the radiotherapy group, external radiation (35 Gy) was given at two weeks after surgery.Samples were then collected from these two groups on week 8 for study of patency rate of the artificial blood vessel.In addition,HE staining, measurement of neointima thickness, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and CD34 stained immunohistochemistry were performed, and number of endothelial cells (ECs) within 100 Jim neointima were counted.Results The patency rate was 100% (8/8) in radiotherapy group and 75% (6/8)in control group on week 8.The neointima thickness at each segment of artificial blood vessel was significantly decreased in radiotherapy group compared with those in the control group [proximal segment:(610.69±32.90)μm vs(753.39±10.36)μm; mid segment: (530.51 ±32.14 )jun vs(636.55?0.23)μm; distal segment: (544.52±41.99)μm vs (710.39±30.92)μm, all P＜0.01].The percentage counts of PCNA positive cells in each segment of artificial blood vessel were lowered in the radiotherapy group compared with those in the control group [proximal segment: (45.1±7.5)% vs(56.3±7.8)% ; mid segment: (29.2 ±±4.1)% vs(36.6±4.9)%; distal segment: (33.8±5.5)% vs (40.76±.7)%, all P＜0.05].There was no statistical difference in number of ECs within 100 p,m neointima between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion External radiation (35 Gy) after prosthetic vessel replacement of inferior vena cava has no significant impact on the patency of artificial blood vessel, nor on linings of vascular smooth muscle cells in neointima, but may inhibit the neointima proliferation and PCNA expression.