高位挂线加低位脱细胞真皮基质填塞治疗高位复杂性肛瘘

目的 探究高位挂线加低位脱细胞真皮基质（AEM）填塞治疗高位复杂性肛瘘。方法 选取于2017年3月~2018年3月安徽医科大学附属合肥市第二人民医院收治的56例高位复杂性肛瘘患者作为研究对象,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组28例。治疗组给予AEM治疗,对照组给予以传统瘘管切开挂线术治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果、治愈率及复发率。结果 治疗组的疼痛持续时间、伤口愈合时间均短于对照组（P＜0.05）;其术后并发症总发生率及复发率分别为3.57%和0,均低于对照组的39.28%和7.14%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组治愈率为85.71%,高于对照组的71.43%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对高位复杂性肛瘘患者采取高位挂线加低位脱细胞真皮基质填塞治疗疗程短,治愈率高,复发率低,临床治疗上具有一定的优势。     

脱细胞真皮基质补片治疗小儿肛瘘

背景：采用异体脱细胞真皮基质材料填塞治疗成人低位肛瘘具有较好的临床效果。 目的：探讨脱细胞异体真皮基质补片修补小儿肛瘘的可行性以及方法。 方法：将138例肛瘘患儿随机分为2组,用可吸收线将脱细胞异体真皮基质生物补片固定在直肠黏膜下,A组双层缝合封闭内口,B组不游离、缝合内口。 结果与结论：随访观察6个月,所有病例肛周无红肿,外观无异常,外口硬结消失,内口愈合良好,无肛门狭窄及肛门外形改变。两组在修复后均有部分患儿出现瘘口出流便,但未经特殊处理,症状均自行消失,痊愈。A组术后瘘口漏便患儿人数较B组多(P < 0.01),出现时间较B组早(P < 0.05),但总体愈合时间无差异。说明手术中仅固定补片于内口,而不游离、缝合内口即可达到满意疗效。     

脱细胞真皮基质修复组织缺损研究进展

脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)是一类经过特殊方法分离皮肤表皮与真皮,去除真皮层内的朗格汉斯细胞、血管内皮细胞、成纤维细胞等附件细胞以及抗原成公主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)而仅保留胶原纤维、弹力蛋白等细胞外基质的特殊生物材料.ADM不引起机体排斥反应,为组织修复提供了良好支架,便于血管化和宿主细胞植入.其制备过程包括分离表皮与真皮、脱细胞成分及打孔、冷冻干燥等.根据分类方法的不同,ADM可分为同种异体ADM和异种ADM、补片型及注射型ADM、交联型与非交联型ADM,同时已有产品相继问世,可根据临床需要进行选择.ADM现已广泛应用于各外科领域,如深度皮肤烧伤、乳腺癌术后乳腺重建、修复口腔黏膜、腹壁疝及声带麻痹等.因其自身特点,临床应用前景广阔.就ADM近年来的研究进展作一综述.     

NaOH消蚀法制备胎儿脱细胞真皮基质的研究

目的：探索NaOH消蚀法对胎儿真皮基质的成分及其形态结构的影响。方法：使用NaOH消蚀法制备胎儿皮肤的脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)，应用组织化学和免疫组织化学染色方法检测细胞的余留及细胞外基质成分的破坏情况，应用扫描电镜观察ADM的构筑。结果：NaOH消蚀处理16h即可去除真皮细胞成分。制备的ADM韧性好，勿需戊二醛交联。弹性纤维的含量有所减少而胶原纤维形态完整，排列正常，保留了基本的真皮构筑。HLA—DR呈阴性，Fibronectin(FN)呈弱阳性，Laminin(LN)和Ⅳ型胶原均呈阴性。结论：NaOH消蚀法简易经济，去除细胞成分较彻底，所制备的ADM韧性好，胶原纤维形态完整，排列正常，但对基膜的成分及结构破坏较重。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质在硬脑膜修复中的应用

硬膜结构的缺损常常造成脑脊液漏、出血以及颅内感染等并发症,因此寻找一种合适的材料用于硬膜修补非常重要.就异体脱细胞真皮基质（allograft dermal matrix,ADM）研究现状及其在硬膜修补中的应用作一回顾.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质移植修复深度烧伤创面

BACKGROUND: Patients with deep burn wounds undergoing heterogeneous decellularized dermal matrix graft need to experience a long period of convalescence. During this period, patients are likely to develop pigmentation, scar contracture, looks damage, dysfunction and other complications, so there are relatively high requirements for postoperative functional rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the role of functional rehabilitation exercises after the heterogeneous decellularized dermal matrix graft in repair of deep burn wounds. METHODS: Totally 72 patients with deep II degree burn were randomly divided into treatment and control groups (n=36/group), and all subjected to heterogeneous decellularized dermal matrix graft treatment. At the day after treatment, patients in the treatment group were subjected to positively postoperative functional rehabilitation exercises; patients in the control group only received psychological assessment and data collection. After 2 months of functional rehabilitation exercises, the assessment results on degree of dermal swelling, pain, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and quality of life of patients in these two groups were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the degree of dermal swelling of patients between these two groups (P > 0.05). The degree of pain, levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 levels were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the scores of each dimension were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that postoperative functional rehabilitation exercises after the heterogeneous decellularized dermal matrix graft in repair of deep burn wounds can relieve pain, inhibit inflammatory reactions and promote the recovery of the patient’s body function.      

NaOH消蚀法制备脱细胞真皮基质修补腹壁疝

背景：与其他疝修补材料相比,脱细胞真皮基质具有易血管化、抗感染、从而可用替代传统补片用于感染腹壁缺损重建等特点。 目的：观察NaOH消蚀法制备的脱细胞真皮基质作为修补材料应用于腹疝的应用价值。 方法：以全厚猪皮制成脱细胞真皮基质,45只SD雄性大鼠制备腹壁疝模型,随机数字表法分为腹壁疝组：直接缝合皮肤,Marlex网组和脱细胞真皮基质组：分别应用大小为3.5 cm×4.0 cm的Marlex网和脱细胞真皮基质缝合皮肤;观察修复后1周时有无腹壁疝发生,脱细胞真皮基质组修复后1,2,3,5,10周分别取材,其中每周各组取4只用于苏木精-伊红染色,光镜观察。修复后第5周Marlex网组和脱细胞真皮基质组各取6只用于抗张力试验。 结果与结论：术后1周脱细胞真皮基质组与Marlex网组腹壁疝发生率均显著低于腹壁疝组(P < 0.001)。脱细胞真皮基质的胶原纤维无明显变化,即有少量成纤维细胞植入,术后2周可见新生血管,术后5周脱细胞真皮基质内部血管密度基本稳定。将单独脱细胞真皮基质片与Marlex网行抗张力试验,Marlex网的抗张力显著高于脱细胞真皮基质(P < 0.001)。但植入体内5周后,脱细胞真皮基质筋膜组织的抗张力高于Marlex-筋膜组织(P < 0.05)。提示复合消蚀制备的脱细胞真皮基质可以作为良好的疝修补材料。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质的研究进展

异体脱细胞真皮基质是天然真皮的脱细胞基质,经过冷冻干燥形成的三维支架结构。作为一种新兴的生物工程支架,它通过空间诱导和组织替代作用修复组织缺损。由于其源于人体正常组织,经临床应用证实,异体脱细胞真皮基质拥有优秀的组织相容性,现已广泛地应用于临床各科的创伤修复。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质在硬脑膜修复中的应用

硬膜结构的缺损常常造成脑脊液漏、出血以及颅内感染等并发症,因此寻找一种合适的材料用于硬膜修补非常重要。就异体脱细胞真皮基质(allograftdermalmatrix,ADM)研究现状及其在硬膜修补中的应用作一回顾。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质作为组织工程皮肤真皮支架的可行性*

背景：组织工程皮肤是目前研究皮肤损伤修复重建的重要手段之一,异体脱细胞真皮基质不存在免疫原性,在异体移植时不会发生排斥反应,是比较理想的真皮替代物。 目的：观察异体脱细胞真皮基质的组织相容性。 方法：以正常人体真皮组织作为对照,通过体外、体内细胞毒性实验检测异体脱细胞真皮基质的组织相容性,以膨胀度、饱和含水量及生物力学分析检测异体脱细胞真皮基质的亲水性及机械性能。 结果与结论：真皮基质中未见任何细胞成分,其网孔直径介于100~180 μm 之间。脱细胞真皮基质组饱和含水量为(69.6±3.97)%,膨胀度2.30±0.42,最大断裂力为(3.082±0.046) N,与对照组相比,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。体内外细胞毒性检测,未见明显细胞生长抑制及免疫排斥反应。提示异体脱细胞真皮基质机械性能接近正常皮肤,组织相容性好,免疫排斥反应小,是构建组织工程皮肤理想的真皮材料。     

Histological evidence for enhanced anal fistula repair using autologous fibroblasts in a dermal collagen matrix

An anal fistula has a primary track passing from an internal anal or rectal opening to an external opening in the perianal area. Surgery aims to eradicate sepsis whilst preserving faecal continence. Fistulotomy, when all tissue caudal to the primary fistulous track is opened, provides the surest method of cure but may diminish patient continence. An alternative sphincter-preserving procedure is to instill a sealant into the track. An experimental porcine model of fistula-in-ano has been developed in the Surgical Research Department at Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research. This allows histological assessment of fistula tracks after novel, sphincter-preserving surgery and treatments have been applied. Under general anaesthetic, 24 anal fistulae were created and treated, three in each of eight adult Large White/Landrace crossbred pigs. Under the same general anaesthetic, a split skin graft was taken from which to culture fibroblasts for future treatment. All tracks were treated at 4 weeks post-track induction when the tracks were established and very similar in clinical appearance to human tracks. All tracks were prepared for treatment using an instrument designed to remove granulation tissue from the wall of the track. Five control tracks were not infilled but simply had their internal and external openings closed with a Vicryl suture. Nine tracks were treated by infill using an acellular porcine dermal collagen matrix. Ten tracks were treated using a mixture of this matrix and autologous cultured fibroblasts. Histological examination of six tracks was carried out at 2 weeks, nine tracks at 2 months and nine tracks at 3 months. Histological assessment demonstrated persistent fistula tracks in only two fistulae, both of which were control tracks. All treated tracks were closed and cured at all times of examination. When autologous fibroblasts were added to the infill material, cellular integration and vascularization were improved. Using this pre-clinical model, provided fistulous tracks were prepared using a new, in-house developed instrument; treatment with acellular collagen matrix alone healed all tracks. Adding autologous fibroblasts improved the quality of wound healing. A pilot study using this treatment in human fistula patients is in progress. This paper was first presented at the European Histology Forum Annual Conference on 24–26 April 2006.     

真皮脱细胞基质复合骨髓间充质干细胞修复比格犬关节软骨缺损

BACKGROUND: Dermis-derived extracellular matrix, as a cartilage repair scaffold, provides a space for the growth of cartilage tissue, and promotes cell adhesion and proliferation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes. Both of them used alone have disadvantages.     

脱细胞真皮基质黏膜补片填充治疗单侧声带麻痹

背景：脱细胞真皮基质黏膜补片作为一种新型的组织填充修复材料,具有良好的生物和结构相容性。 目的：观察脱细胞真皮基质黏膜组织补片作为填充材料应用于声带内移的近远期疗效。 方法：选择2009-01/2010-01解放军第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科收治的单侧声带麻痹患者20例,局麻下患侧甲状软骨板开窗,观察脱细胞真皮基质黏膜补片患侧声带下填充对改善声嘶等症状的疗效,术后1 d、3,6,12个月各随访1次,通过纤维喉镜观察发音时声门闭合情况,嗓音分析评估音质,包括标准化噪声能量和最长声时。 结果与结论：经患者主观评价及治疗前后各阶段嗓音声学参数分析(标准化噪声能量,最长声时),证实手术近远期疗效满意,无特殊手术风险及不良反应。提示脱细胞真皮基质黏膜补片具有良好的组织相容性和易操作性,可作为声带麻痹手术治疗中声带内移的新型填充材料,临床应用疗效满意。     

脱细胞真皮基质敷料在烧伤创面治疗中的应用进展

在临床上,创面的修复依旧是烧伤治疗过程中的难题,而脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)敷料的研究与应用为创面的修复带来了新的解决方案。现通过检索国内外有关ADM敷料临床应用的文献,归纳分析了ADM敷料的生物学特性,及其在浅Ⅱ度及深度烧伤创面、削痂植皮创面、供皮区创面治疗中应用疗效,综述了ADM敷料在烧伤创面治疗中的研究进展。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质在糖尿病足溃疡修复中的应用效果

目的探讨异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)在糖尿病足溃疡修复中的应用效果。 方法选取宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市第一人民医院烧伤整形外科2015年3月至2017年6月收治的76例糖尿病足溃疡患者,采用电脑随机分组法将患者随机分为两组,每组38例,实验组患者应用异种(猪)ADM覆盖治疗,对照组应用磺胺嘧啶银乳膏包扎治疗,观察创面的愈合疗效、愈合时间、换药次数、换药2 h后疼痛视觉模拟评分、愈后患者满意度评分和创面病原菌检出率。对数据行χ²检验、t检验。 结果治疗2周后实验组治疗总有效率(94.74%)高于对照组(78.95%),差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.145,P<0.05);实验组创面愈合时间[(24.21±3.21)d]短于对照组[(31.89±4.64)d],实验组创面换药次数[(8.34±1.12)次]少于对照组[(15.11±1.69)次],实验组疼痛视觉模拟评分[(3.29±0.25)分]低于对照组[(4.79±0.74)分],实验组愈后患者满意度评分[(9.08±0.49)分]高于对照组[(8.16±0.72)分],差异均有统计学意义(t＝8.359、20.560、10.364、6.548,P值均小于0.05);治疗1周后,两组创面分泌物病原菌检出率比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝2.657,P>0.05)。 结论异种(猪)ADM作为糖尿病足创面覆盖物,改善局部微环境,促进创面肉芽组织生长,缩短创面愈合时间,减少细菌侵入,减轻患者心理和经济负担。     

Host response to human acellular dermal matrix transplantation in a primate model of abdominal wall repair

Commercially available human acellular dermal matrix (HADM), AlloDerm((R)), was implanted as an interpositional graft in the abdominal wall of adult vervet monkeys. Host response to implanted HADM was evaluated and compared with a human cellular dermal matrix (HCDM) and a primate acellular dermal matrix (PADM). Clinical acceptance of the acellular grafts (HADM and PADM) and graft remodeling were evidenced by fibroblast repopulation and neoangiogenesis. A mild inflammatory response marked predominantly by macrophages and T-cells was present in both HADM and PADM during the first month but was absent by 3 months. Similarly, antibody and complement deposition into the grafts as well as in the serum was evident only at the early time points. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-10 was induced in some acellular graft-implanted monkeys at the early time points, but tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or IL-2 was not detected over the study period. In contrast, significant inflammation was observed in HCDM-implanted animals, as evidenced by immune cell infiltration (p 相似文献   

肝素抗凝材料联合血管束植入修复骨缺损的血管化

背景：前期研究显示肝素-壳聚糖脱细胞骨基质材料植入骨缺损受区后,材料内部血液供应明显改善,将血管束植入大体积抗凝材料能否促进骨缺损处血液灌注和血管化进程？ 目的：观察局部抗凝的肝素-壳聚糖脱细胞骨基质材料联合血管束植入对骨缺损修复早期血液灌注及血管化的影响。 方法：取25只健康新西兰大白兔制作双侧桡骨中段20 mm长骨缺损模型,右侧植入局部抗凝的肝素-壳聚糖脱细胞骨基质材料联合自体血管束(实验组),左侧植入脱细胞骨基质材料联合自体血管束(对照组),术后1,3,7,14,28 d行CT灌注成像及组织学观察。 结果与结论：术后1 d开始,实验组血容量、血流量显著高于对照组(P < 0.05),且实验组材料中心部位有明显血液灌注,对照组植入物周围有血液渗透,此种趋势持续到术后28 d。术后1 d,实验组复合材料中有大量红细胞和有核细胞,对照组以渗透液体为主,偶见细胞;术后3-7 d,实验组复合材料网孔中有血管形成,之后逐渐增多,对照组见植入血管血栓形成、管腔闭塞,周围组织纤维化包裹,实验组各时间点材料内部血管数高于对照组(P < 0.05)。提示局部抗凝的肝素-壳聚糖脱细胞骨基质材料可促进血管束植入后材料内部的血液灌注和早期血管化进程。     

猪脱细胞真皮基质暂时闭合联合皮瓣蒂部回植修复腹部供瓣区的效果观察

目的观察猪脱细胞真皮基质暂时闭合联合皮瓣蒂部回植对腹部供瓣区的影响。 方法选取2010年1月至2016年12月北京积水潭医院收治的肘、前臂、手深度电烧伤、热压伤、外伤后软组织缺损伴内固定外露患者21例。清创后软组织缺损范围为7 cm×6 cm～11 cm×9 cm。创面采用腹部皮瓣修复,皮瓣蒂部及供瓣区部分创面以猪脱细胞真皮基质暂时闭合,断蒂时将皮瓣蒂部修整后回植修复腹部供瓣区。术后进行门诊随访,观察皮瓣存活情况、皮瓣下组织感染、液化、坏死情况及供瓣区并发症发生情况。 结果21例患者共22个创面均以皮瓣覆盖,皮瓣切取范围为10 cm×7 cm～18 cm×11 cm, 20个皮瓣切取宽度为8～10 cm,其余2个皮瓣宽度分别为7、11 cm。随意腹部皮瓣4个,髂腹股沟皮瓣16个,胸脐皮瓣2个,所有皮瓣均存活良好,无皮瓣下组织感染、液化及坏死现象出现。供瓣区术后无感染、出血、血清肿、缝合口裂开并发症。随访6～24个月,腹部供瓣区仅有较轻的线状瘢痕,外观较满意。 结论当采用腹部皮瓣修复肘关节至手部创面时,中小面积的供瓣区及皮瓣蒂部以猪脱细胞真皮基质暂时闭合,皮瓣断蒂时将蒂部回植至供瓣区,能预防术后供瓣区并发症,避免供瓣区植皮,改善局部外观。方法简单、易行、安全、可靠。     

异种羊脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植后创面愈合及COX-2、VEGF的表达研究

目的 制备异种羊脱细胞真皮基质(ADM),观察异种羊ADM与自体微粒皮复合移植的组织学变化,以及免疫组化法检测环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在复合移植过程中的表达.方法 用0.25%胰蛋白酶和0.5%曲拉通(Tritonx-100)溶液联合脱细胞法制备异种羊ADM.以48只wistar大鼠为动物模型随机分为2组,每组各24只,背部做4 cm×3 cm全层皮肤缺损,分组采用羊ADM+自体微粒皮+异体皮(实验组)及自体微粒皮+异体皮(对照组)覆盖,术后2、4、6周观察植皮区愈合情况,检测创面收缩率;同时,在以上不同时间段处死大鼠做组织病理学观察及免疫组化检查.结果 (1)通过实验可成功制备出合格的异种羊ADM,脱细胞异种皮的镜下观察可见基质中的表皮已经完全除去,胶原纤维粗细均匀,排列规则,没有细胞成份存在.(2)进行移植术后,观察6周,两组皮片创面基本愈合,两组创面收缩率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组术区收缩程度低,组织学检查可见成纤维细胞和血管长人,胶原纤维、弹力纤维结构排列规则;对照组创面收缩明显,组织学检查见成纤维细胞和血管无规则生长,胶原纤维、弹力纤维结构排列紊乱.两组大鼠创面COX-2、VEGF表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 异种羊ADM在彻底脱除了基质中有免疫原性的细胞成分的同时,又保留了组织的基本结构,成为极低抗原性的真皮支架,是一种良好的真皮替代物;异种羊ADM与自体微粒皮复合移植后外观和功能优于自体微粒皮移植;COX-2,VEGF可能参与了创面的修复.