纳米可降解聚乳酸-羟基乙酸尿道支架的制备及性能

背景：聚乳酸-羟基乙酸可作为尿道替代物进行组织缺损的修复。 目的：观察电纺丝法制备聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物可降解尿道支架的可行性,并评价支架管的体外降解性能。 方法：采用电纺丝技术制备纳米聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(摩尔比80∶20)尿道支架管,并以戊二醛对支架进行交联、改性,将交联后支架截成长约1 cm小段并浸于尿液中进行体外降解实验。 结果与结论：支架管具有纳米结构,孔隙率约89%,孔径(32±19) µm;交联后可见纤维表面变粗糙,但纤维丝直径、孔径及孔隙率与交联前差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),但交联后支架管力学性能显著提高。支架降解初期速度相对较快,中后期降解速度减慢,至8周时材料质量损失约50%,第10周完全崩解。材料在体内降解过程中相对分子质量的变化趋势与质量损失大体相同,降解早期相对分子质量下降相对较快,后期下降速度减慢并趋于平稳。表明采用电纺丝技术制备的纳米聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物尿道支架可满足尿道组织工程支架的要求。     

电纺纳米纤维可降解输尿管支架肌肉埋植的降解性能*

背景：作者前期研究了电纺纳米纤维聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物可降解输尿管支架材料的体外降解性能,发现80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纳米纤维材料在尿液中的降解时间可以满足临床需要。目的：观察80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纳米纤维输尿管支架的肌肉埋植降解性能。方法：采用静电纺丝法制备80/20聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米纤维输尿管支架,观察其在家兔脊柱旁肌肉中的降解情况。结果与结论：成功制备了电纺纳米纤维输尿管支架,扫描电镜见微观形貌良好。80/20的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米纤维输尿管支架在体内降解至10周时,支架管降解至初始质量的60%左右,支架出现断裂和崩解,虽降解速度较体外降解稍慢,但其降解性能仍能够满足临床对可降解输尿管支架的需要。     

聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物修复髌股关节软骨缺损

背景：传统的方法修复软骨损伤,易发生退变。聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物具有良好的生物相容性,可根据需要调节降解速度等性能,可能在修复软骨损伤方面具有应用前景。 目的：观察以聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物为载体修复兔关节软骨缺损的可行性。 方法：选取2月龄新西兰兔骨髓培养,诱导间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化。第3代细胞与聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物共培养制成聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物。建立兔髌股关节股骨髁部缺损模型,在右侧36个膝关节植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物,左侧18膝植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物,另18膝造成缺损后留作空白对照。术后4,8,12,24,36,48周取材,行大体及组织学观察,组织学评分。 结果与结论：聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物-细胞复合物修复大鼠缺损后,软骨细胞分布较均一,色泽与正常软骨相似,与正常软骨界限消失,表面细胞平行于关节面,深层细胞排列紊乱,细胞呈团状,基质异染广泛,软骨下骨形成及潮线恢复正常,与周围正常软骨连接良好。而单纯植入聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物或缺损后未处理大鼠缺损边缘细胞呈团块状增生,底部为纤维组织。提示骨髓基质细胞源性软骨细胞是修复关节软骨缺损较理想的种子细胞,聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸共聚物适合作为组织工程修复关节软骨缺损的支架材料,具有良好的应用前景。     

壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入犬体内的慢性生物相容性

背景：2个月以内短期生物相容性实验显示,壳聚糖、聚乳酸和聚羟基乙酸对大鼠外周神经均无毒性,可作为组织工程化神经材料。 目的：评价壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后的慢性生物相容性。 方法：在壳聚糖神经导管中插入聚乳酸羟基乙酸纤维制备成组织工程化神经,移植桥接Beagle犬坐骨神经50mm缺损,同时以Beagle犬50mm自体神经移植作为对照组。 结果与结论：植入壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经6个月后,Beagle犬精神、食欲、活动等一般情况良好,体质量增加与对照组相当;植入后2,4,6个月血液学和血清生化检测结果与对照组无明显差异;再生神经及其周边组织未出现变性、坏死,心、肝、脾、肺、肾等主要脏器大体解剖和组织切片未见异常。表明壳聚糖/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组织工程化神经植入Beagle犬体内6个月后慢性生物相容性良好。     

不同比例聚乳酸羟基乙酸复合骨支架的低温沉积制造及性能

背景：研究证实,在聚乳酸羟基乙酸中加入磷酸三钙或珍珠粉可以使两者的性能互补,不仅为细胞提供良好的生长环境,而且能使细胞更快、更好地生长。 目的：通过低温层积制造技术制备以聚乳酸羟基乙酸为基体、复合珍珠粉或磷酸三钙的支架材料。 方法：采用低温层积制造技术制备聚乳酸羟基乙酸与珍珠粉或磷酸三钙质量比分别为10∶0、5∶2、7∶3和6∶4的聚乳酸羟基乙酸/珍珠粉或聚乳酸羟基乙酸/磷酸三钙复合支架,检测支架的微观结构、接触角、压缩弹性模量。将生长至基本融合的MC3T3-E1细胞以1×10⁴/cm³的密度接种至纯聚乳酸羟基乙酸无孔支架、纯聚乳酸羟基乙酸有孔支架、5∶2聚乳酸羟基乙酸/珍珠粉和5∶2聚乳酸羟基乙酸/磷酸三钙支架上,接种1,3 h,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞黏附率;接种1,4,7 d,利用Alamar Blue法检测细胞增殖。 结果与结论：纯聚乳酸羟基乙酸支架具有相互交联贯通的微孔结构,微孔大小3-15 μm;5∶2聚乳酸羟基乙酸/珍珠粉或5∶2聚乳酸羟基乙酸/磷酸三钙支架具有较好的连续微孔结构,孔径大小为10-25 μm。随着珍珠粉或磷酸三钙含量的增加,复合支架的亲水性增加。加入珍珠粉或磷酸三钙能够提高复合支架的压缩力学性能,但随着含量增加,支架力学性能呈现先增强后减弱。珍珠粉或磷酸三钙的加入,改善了聚乳酸羟基乙酸的细胞亲和力,改善了支架的生物相容性,其中以5∶2聚乳酸羟基乙酸/珍珠粉复合支架生物相容性最好。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/羟基磷灰石复合支架修复喉软骨缺损

背景：喉软骨缺损传统的修复方法受到供体来源、排斥反应等限制,因而难以推广。 目的：观察聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/羟基磷灰石复合支架修复喉软骨缺损的效果。 方法：将20只Wistar 大鼠随机分为聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/羟基磷灰石复合支架组和聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物支架组,建立喉软骨缺损模型后分别采用聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/羟基磷灰石复合支架和聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物支架修复。 结果与结论：聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/羟基磷灰石复合支架组大鼠造模后3,5,7 d时喉骨缺损直径显著小于聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物支架组;聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/羟基磷灰石复合支架组大鼠喉软骨缺损部位基本修复,表面平整,且与周围其他组织之间没有明显界限;而聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物支架组大鼠喉软骨缺损部位存在凹陷,表面粗糙,和周围组织存在明显界限。说明聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/羟基磷灰石复合支架能够促进喉软骨缺损部位修复,修复喉软骨缺损的效果更理想。  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

牙乳头细胞复合海藻酸钠-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物构建组织工程牙根

背景：牙胚组织工程重建研究表明牙齿结构可用组织工程方法构建,牙齿存活及行使功能的关键在于牙根及其牙周附着,那么是否可以绕开具有复杂组织结构的完整牙齿组织工程概念的束缚,而将组织工程构建目标仅仅指向结构单一的牙根组织？ 目的：采用组织工程方法,以牙乳头细胞为种子细胞,海藻酸钠-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物为支架材料构建兔组织工程牙根。 方法：分离、培养扩增兔牙乳头细胞,离心收集细胞混于海藻酸钠水凝胶,制成浓度6×10⁹ L^-1的细胞悬液,接种到人牙根状聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物支架中,用CaCl₂固化后,构建出细胞-支架复合物,然后移植于裸鼠背部皮下,植入后4,8周取材,进行大体标本、X射线、三维CT、组织学及免疫组织化学染色观察。 结果与结论：经4-8周体内移植后获得的组织定型于牙根形状。植入4周后,标本密度较低;牙根移植物出现矿化,但矿化不完全,海藻酸钠水凝胶已降解,聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物支架未降解;标本中出现了大量类牙本质结构,在标本表面具有纤维膜结构,与根面平行,结构不连续,没有明显髓腔形成。植入后8周,标本密度增高,更为接近自然生长的牙根组织;牙根移植物矿化基本完成,聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物支架已大部分降解;标本中出现了大量类似于成熟牙本质的结构,在标本表面形成连续的纤维膜结构,与根面平行,在其下方开始有类似牙骨质样结构的形成。表明采用工程方法可建出具有基本组织学类型和结构的类似人工牙根组织。     

生长因子缓释系统复合纳米支架材料修复犬下颌骨缺损

背景：支架材料联合细胞因子构建组织工程骨不受血管化和细胞培养因素的限制,这种构建模式可能诱导出较大体积的实用型组织工程骨。 目的：观察壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸复合生长因子缓释支架修复犬下颌骨临界骨缺损的能力。 方法：取杂种犬12条,制作双侧下颌骨临界骨缺损模型,一侧植入复合生长因子骨形态发生蛋白2、转化生长因子β1及血管内皮生长因子165的壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸缓释支架(实验组),另一侧植入壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸缓释支架(对照组),术后4,8,12周取下颌骨标本行X 射线、组织学及免疫组织化学检查。 结果与结论：实验组术后不同时间点X射线灰度值及骨钙素积分吸光度值均高于对照组(P < 0.05),表明复合生长因子的支架材料修复骨缺损的成骨能力优于未复合生长因子的支架材料。组织学观察结果显示,实验组术后不同时间点成骨时间及效果均优于对照组,表明复合生长因子骨形态发生蛋白2、转化生长因子β1及血管内皮生长因子165的壳聚糖纳米微球/纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸缓释支架可更快更有效地促进骨缺损修复。     

低温快速成型亲水改性复合人工骨支架的性能测定

背景：低温快速成型技术具有支架成型可控性、保持材料生物学活性和易于实现支架材料的三维多孔立体结构等优势,被迅速用于骨组织工程支架的制备。 目的：采用低温快速成型制备聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,并检测其性能。 方法：采用低温快速成型设备分别制备聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石与聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,通过电镜观察支架超微结构,以介质(乙醇)浸泡法测定支架孔隙率,采用电子试验机检测支架力学性能;将两种支架材料分别与大鼠成骨细胞共培养,培养12 h采用沉淀法检测细胞黏附率,培养1,3,5,7,9,12 d采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖。 结果与结论：两组支架孔径均在理想范围内并具有较高孔隙率,但聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架的孔径波动范围大,孔径均值较聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架小且部分有闭塞现象。聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架的细胞黏附率及表面细胞增殖活性高于聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架(P < 0.05),力学性能低于聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石支架(P < 0.05)。表明聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸-乙醇酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架具有良好的细胞相容性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/Ⅰ型胶原复合支架与兔耳软骨细胞的细胞相容性

背景:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸是一种应用前景较好的细胞支架材料,其亲水性和细胞亲和性较差,因此对其改性很有必要。目的:观察改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/I型胶原复合支架的亲水性及与兔耳软骨细胞的细胞相容性。方法:利用多聚赖氨酸对聚乳酸-羟基乙酸改性后与I型胶原构成改性复合支架,倒置显微镜下观察支架的大体结构。将改性复合支架(实验组)与聚乳酸-羟基乙酸支架(对照组)分别浸泡在双蒸水中,间隔0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24h后计算吸水率。用酶消化法培养兔耳软骨细胞并传代,取第2代软骨细胞,浓度为1×1011L-1接种在两种支架上并培养,倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态和生长情况,采用细胞计数法计算细胞接种24h后支架对细胞的吸附率;以及采用细胞增殖法(MTT比色试验)分别于1,2,4,6d测细胞吸光度值。结果与结论:改性复合支架具有高孔隙率,表面粗糙度较对照组增加。两种支架吸水率在相同时间点比较差异有显著性意义(P0.01),说明改性复合支架具有较好的亲水性。第2代软骨细胞接种后24h,实验组对细胞的吸附率为0.9080±0.0192,对照组为0.7332±0.0475,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05),说明改性复合支架具有较好的细胞亲和性。软骨细胞在实验组和对照组支架上接种培养后1,2,4,6d吸光度值比较,差异均有显著性意义(P0.05),说明改性复合支架对细胞增殖有显著的促进作用。     

An in vivo study of the host tissue response to subcutaneous implantation of PLGA- and/or porcine small intestinal submucosa-based scaffolds

An innate immune response is often found at the site of biomaterial implantation. Since the effective use of biomaterials in vivo requires good biocompatibility and biofunctionality, it is vital that we assess and compare the inflammatory reactions provoked by various implanted biomaterials in vivo. In the present study, we assessed the host tissue response to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)- and small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-based scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in Fischer rats. Our results revealed that the PLGA-based scaffolds resulted in severe post-implantation inflammation, whereas the SIS-based scaffolds induced only a slight post-implantation inflammation and a PLGA/SIS-based copolymer yielded intermediate results.     

组织工程复合物腰椎间盘原位植入生物力学稳定性初步研究

目的观察组织工程复合物于犬腰椎间盘原位植入后的生物力学稳定性变化。方法以犬髓核(NP)细胞-聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)支架构建组织工程复合物。将24只12个月龄Beagle犬随机分为4组,A组为非手术对照组,B组行腰椎4~5(L4~5)NP摘除,C组行L4~5NP摘除+空白支架植入,D组行L4~5NP摘除+NP细胞-PLGA支架复合物植入。于手术后第4、8、12周处死实验动物取L1~7节段脊柱,使用MTS-858 MiniⅡ型生物力学实验机测量标本L4~5节段在纯力偶距下屈伸及旋转动度,行各组间L4~5节段生物力学稳定性比较。结果 B、C、D组L4~5节段生物力学稳定性较A组均有不同程度降低;B组与C组生物力学特性差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05);而D组与前两组相比稳定性有明显提高(P<0.05)。结论 NP细胞-PLGA支架复合物腰椎间盘原位植入能够恢复失稳节段的生物力学稳定性。     

Collagen-GAG scaffolds grafted onto myocardial infarcts in a rat model: a delivery vehicle for mesenchymal stem cells

Various cell delivery methods have been investigated for cell transplantation treatment of cardiac infarcts. In this study, we investigated a type I collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) scaffold for the implantation of adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the infarcted region in the rat heart. The objective was to evaluate the tissue response to collagen-GAG scaffolds prepared using 2 cross-linking methods. The left coronary artery of female Wistar rats was occluded for 60 min, followed by reperfusion. One week later, the infarcted region was implanted with (1) collagen-GAG scaffolds cross-linked by dehydrothermal treatment alone (DHT; n = 10); (2) collagen-GAG scaffolds cross-linked by DHT followed by carbodiimide treatment (EDAC; n = 8); or (3) DHT cross-linked collagen-GAG scaffolds seeded with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled allogeneic MSCs (cell-scaffold; n = 9). Shamoperated rats served as controls (n = 4). Specimens were harvested 3 weeks after the implantation surgery. The tissue response was evaluated histomorphometrically and by immunohistochemistry to track the BrdU-labeled MSCs. Most of the DHT cross-linked collagen-GAG scaffolds degraded, whereas the scaffolds in the EDAC group appeared to be largely intact. There were no signs of acute inflammation in any of the groups. A substantial amount of neovascularization was seen in the infarcted region in the implant groups and in the scaffolds themselves. BrdU-positive cells appeared both in the degraded scaffold and the infarct region. DHT cross-linked collagen-GAG scaffolds warrant continued investigation as delivery vehicles for implantation of cells into infarcted cardiac tissue.     

New ureteral scaffold constructed with composite poly(L-lactic acid)-collagen and urothelial cells by new centrifugal seeding system

A tissue-engineered ureteral scaffold was constructed with composited poly L-lactic acid (PLLA)-collagen endoluminal stent and uroepithelial cells (UECs) using a new seeding system. The electrospun PLLA-collagen nanofibrous mesh was seeded efficiently with human ureteral epithelial cells using a modified centrifugal seeding device. The cellular nanofibrous mesh was then wound around a spiral endoluminal stent to form a cellular composited PLLA-collagen ureteral scaffold. The cellular ureteral scaffold was subcutaneously implanted into nude mice. Cell attachment, distribution, and viability in vitro were investigated along with the cell fate in vivo. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed that scaffolds seeded with centrifugal method had higher cellular activity than scaffolds seeded with static method (p < 0.05), and the metabolic activity per cell had no significant differences between the two methods (p > 0.05). Histologic analysis showed that the entrapped UECs remained in the scaffolds after 2 wk of implantation. The results of the study indicated that the composited PLLA-collagen endoluminal stent could serve as alternative cell carrier for tissue engineering ureter. In addition, the new modified centrifugal seeding system allowed rapid homogeneous distribution of cells onto the nanofibrous mesh, which will be useful to ureteral reconstruction.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel nanosize hydroxyapatite particles/poly(ester-urethane) composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering should provide an osteoconductive surface to promote the ingrowth of new bone after implantation into bone defects. This may be achieved by hydroxyapatite loading of distinct scaffold biomaterials. Herein, we analyzed the in vitro and in vivo properties of a novel nanosize hydroxyapatite particles/poly(ester-urethane) (nHA/PU) composite scaffold which was prepared by a salt leaching–phase inverse process. Microtomography, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the capability of the material processing to create a three-dimensional porous PU scaffold with nHA on the surface. Compared to nHA-free PU scaffolds (control), this modified scaffold type induced a significant increase in in vitro adsorption of model proteins. In vivo analysis of the inflammatory and angiogenic host tissue response to implanted nHA/PU scaffolds in the dorsal skinfold chamber model indicated that the incorporation of nHA particles into the scaffold material did not affect biocompatibility and vascularization when compared to control scaffolds. Thus, nHA/PU composite scaffolds represent a promising new type of scaffold for bone tissue engineering, combining the flexible material properties of PU with the advantage of an osteoconductive surface.     

An investigation of the cytotoxicity and histocompatibility of in situ forming lactic acid based orthopedic biomaterials

The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of polymer networks prefabricated from multifunctional lactic acid based oligomers that are being developed for orthopedic applications were assessed through in vitro cytotoxicity analysis and subcutaneous implantation. After 7 and 14 days, no significant difference was observed in the relative viability or alkaline phosphatase activity of primary rat calvarial osteoblasts cultured in the presence or absence of degrading polymer networks, indicating that the degradation products had no detrimental effect on the function or activity of the cultured cells. The tissue response to preformed lactic acid networks implanted in rats consisted of a mild inflammatory response with an increase in fibrous capsule thickness and inflammation correlating with faster degrading polymer compositions. This relatively neutral response is indicative of a biocompatible, degradable polymer that has potential medical applications. Finally, porous scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in rats, and vascularized fibrous tissue infiltration was highly dependent on the scaffold porosity and architecture. This finding indicates that an in situ forming porous scaffold of this composition may support the infiltration of surrounding vascularized tissue, and thus be applicable to orthopedic treatments of large bone defects.     

Biocompatibility of subcutaneously implanted marine macromolecules cross-linked bio-composite scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications

There is an intense interest in developing innovative biomaterials which support the invasion and proliferation of living cells for potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Present study demonstrated the in vivo biocompatibility and toxicity of a macromolecules cross-linked biocomposite scaffold composed of hydroxyapatite, alginate, chitosan and fucoidan abbreviated as HACF. The in vivo biocompatibility and toxicity of HACF scaffold were tested by comparing them with those of a biocompatible surgical metal implant (SMI) in a subcutaneous rat model. Following the implantation, animals were sacrificed and the scaffolds were resected at 1st, 4th, and 8th weeks; the surrounding tissue along with the implant was removed to evaluate its biocompatibility. The effects of implanted biomaterial scaffolds on vital organ systems such as liver, kidney, etc., have been studied by hematology and serum biochemistry. The activities of pro-inflammatory marker enzymes such as COX, 5-LOX, 15-LOX, and NOS were normal in rats implanted with HACF scaffold. Hematological parameters, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status were also found to be normal in implanted rats same as that of control and SMI. The modulatory effect of implanted scaffold over inflammatory and stress signaling cascades were confirmed by the normalized mRNA expressions of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6. The histopathological analysis of liver, kidney and tissue support our results. Taken together, these results demonstrated that HACF biocomposite scaffold signifies its suitability for further research as a scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering applications.     

具有周向微槽结构管状血管支架制备及诱导平滑肌细胞的取向生长

背景：对小口径血管组织工程化而言,平滑肌细胞的周向排列要求彻底改变以前支架的简单多孔结构,代之以能够诱导血管平滑肌细胞三维周向取向和排列新型微观结构。 目的：观察微槽结构对平滑肌细胞体外定向诱导的影响。 方法：用静电纺丝、熔融纺丝并利用溶剂/非溶剂和热压的方式制得了具有两层管壁、外壁具有周向微沟槽结构的仿生管状血管支架,用胶原蛋白固定改性后,在其上种植人脐静脉血管平滑肌细胞。扫描电镜和荧光显微镜观察支架不同缠绕角度对平滑肌细胞定向诱导能力的影响。 结果与结论：①选择比例为5∶95的氯仿/乙醇溶液,浸润时间为5 s,可以使乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物电纺纤维和乳 酸-ε-己内酯共聚物熔纺纤维之间形成很好的粘连,形成支架。②通过碱降解使支架表面含有羧基,以1-(二甲基胺丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺为缩合剂在支架表面接枝胶原。X射线光电子能谱证实了支架表面胶原大分子的存在。③当纤维之间的编织角度为30°即网孔尺寸适当时,细胞能在支架内部和表面大面积生长。④具有两层管壁结构的仿生管状血管支架具有良好的细胞相容性,其表面周向微槽结构对平滑肌细胞的取向排列具有明显的诱导作用。提示在电纺层外面再熔纺缠绕降解聚合物是制备管状仿生血管支架的可行方法。血管平滑肌细胞能沿着纤维暨微沟槽方向一致取向排列。     

皮肤组织工程-细胞支架的构筑及其生物相容性评价

皮肤组织工程的发展提供了一种无损伤修复创伤和功能重建的皮肤治疗模式.作为组织工程的三要素之一,细胞支架发挥着重要的作用.为满足组织工程中对细胞支架在力学性能、物理结构及生物相容性等方面的要求,我们首先制备了聚乳酸(PDLLA)、聚乳酸-己内酯(PLACL)多孔支架,并以生物相容性较好的猪的无细胞真皮(acellular dermis matrix,ADM)为参比,分别把三种材料植入大鼠背部肌层,术后定期取大鼠皮下埋藏组织进行组织学检测.结果发现PDLLA与PLACL多孔支架的降解周期、力学性能、孔隙率及其孔径都可以根据皮肤组织工程中的要求进行调控.组织学检查,移植物内无明显炎性细胞,21天后,均完全血管化且分布较均匀.说明PDLLA与PLACL的生物相容性较ADM差,但并未出现明显的异物排斥反应,两者的生物相容性基本上可以满足组织工程中对支架的要求,这为聚乳酸类人工皮肤的进一步研究提供了有意义的实验依据.