移植神经干细胞促进脊髓全横断大鼠结构与功能修复的研究

目的 探讨移植神经干细胞对脊髓全横断性大鼠部分结构与功能修复的影响。方法 在脊髓全横断处移植神经干细胞60d后，在横断处下方3mm注射荧光金逆行标记轴突再生的上运动神经元，用免疫组织化学检测神经干细胞在宿主内的分化，同时用体视学方法观测脑干红核和大脑皮质感觉运动区内锥体细胞层的神经元密度变化。用BBB评分法和爬网格法观测大鼠后肢运动功能的恢复等。结果 移植的神经干细胞能在宿主内存活并向前后方向迁移到脊髓内，部分神经干细胞分化为GFAP、NF-200和GAP-43阳性细胞。移植神经干细胞后在红核和感觉运动区内锥体细胞层可见有被荧光金标记的神经元胞体，脊髓横断处附近脊髓组织的溃变程度减轻，红核及躯体感觉运动区内神经元密度高于未移植组，大鼠后肢的自主运动功能明显好于未移植组。结论 神经干细胞移植入损伤脊髓后能分化为神经元及神经胶质细胞，能减轻脊髓的继发性损伤，保护受损伤的神经元，促进运动功能的恢复。     

嗅鞘细胞移植促进脊髓损伤模型大鼠修复损伤区组织的超微结构特征

文题释义： 嗅鞘细胞：是一种嗅神经的支持细胞,它起源于嗅基底膜,分布在嗅球,嗅神经和嗅中枢。位于中枢和外周神经系统过渡区,具有降解抑制再生分子、分泌不同神经营养因子、促进神经轴突和髓鞘的再生、改善脊髓损伤后的微环境等重要作用。 超微结构：通过透射电子显微镜观察脊髓损伤后损伤部位神经元的细胞膜、细胞器(高尔基复合体,尼氏体,内质网、核糖体、神经微丝、微管)、细胞核(核仁、核周体);髓鞘,轴突,突触,胶质瘢痕等亚细胞水平的变化。 背景：嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤是目前的研究热点,其研究主要探讨脊髓损伤后微环境的影响,嗅鞘细胞移植对脊髓损伤后脊髓超微结构的影响未见报道。 目的：观察脊髓损伤后损伤部位神经细胞、轴突、髓鞘、突触和胶质瘢痕的超微结构以及嗅鞘细胞移植对大鼠损伤脊髓的保护和神经修复再生的影响。 方法：实验方案经西安交通大学医学部生物医学伦理委员会批准(批准号2018-2048)。将成年健康雌性SD大鼠20只随机分成3组：空白组(4只)仅仅切除T₁₀全部椎板及T₉, T₁₁部分椎板,未对脊髓作其他处理;DF12组(8只)切断脊髓,注射DF12培养液;嗅鞘细胞移植组(8只)切断脊髓,进行嗅鞘细胞移植。于脊髓损伤后1,7,28,56 d,对各组大鼠麻醉后取出脊髓,透射电镜观察脊髓损伤区神经细胞超微结构的变化。 结果与结论：①与空白组比较,DF12组大鼠脊髓损伤区神经元胞体内细胞器明显减少,轴突、髓鞘和突触的超微结构发生明显的变化;嗅鞘细胞移植组损伤区的神经元胞体内细胞器明显增加,核仁明显,促进轴突、髓鞘和突触的再生,且胶质瘢痕明显较少;②嗅鞘细胞移植组大鼠星形胶质细胞和毛细血管周细胞的反应比较轻微;③结果说明,脊髓损伤后嗅鞘细胞移植可有效地保护脊髓损伤区的神经组织,促进轴突、髓鞘和突触的再生,抑制神经胶质和周围细胞的增生反应,从而使损伤后微环境有利于神经元、轴突和突触再生。ORCID: 0000-0001-6049-2551(王国毓) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植脊髓损伤大鼠脑细胞的凋亡

背景：目前的研究表明,从胚胎大鼠大脑皮质分离的神经干细胞在胶原蛋白凝胶中可增殖并分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。 目的：观察神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植对脊髓损伤后鼠大脑神经细胞凋亡的影响。 方法：取45只SD大鼠制作脊髓半切损伤模型,随机分为3组,造模1周后,细胞移植组大鼠运动皮质后部在脊髓损伤部位注入同种异体神经干细胞悬液,联合组在脊髓损伤部位注入同种异体神经干细胞结合胶原蛋白悬液,模型组不植入任何物质。 结果与结论：移植后1-8周,3组大鼠肢体运动功能均有不同程度恢复,且联合组移植后8周BBB运动评分明显高于其他两组(P < 0.05)。移植后1周苏木精-伊红染色显示3组均可见少量凋亡细胞及Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞,大量Bax阳性细胞;随时间的推移,3组Bax凋亡蛋白阳性细胞、Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞逐渐减少,并且移植后8周联合组、细胞移植组Bax阳性细胞明显低于模型组(P < 0.05),Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞高于模型组(P < 0.05),此时3组均无凋亡细胞。表明神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植可抑制脊髓损伤后鼠大脑神经细胞的凋亡,促进脊髓神经功能的恢复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

富血小板血浆诱导骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取去细胞神经修复坐骨神经缺损

背景:周围神经损伤早期许旺细胞尚未大量分裂增殖,此时由于解剖连续性的中断,通过轴浆逆向运输提供的营养因子骤减,缺乏神经营养因子支持的神经元有可能死亡,从而使周围神经不能再生或再生乏力。目的:观察植入经富血小板血浆诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞结合去细胞神经修复坐骨神经缺损的效果。方法:取新西兰大耳白兔制备坐骨神经缺损模型,随机抽签法分成4组:去细胞神经组,移植同种异体去细胞神经;骨髓间充质干细胞组,移植同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的同种异体去细胞神经:经诱导骨髓间充质干细胞组,移植经富血小板血浆诱导的同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的同种异体去细胞神经;自体神经组,移植自体神经。术后进行形态学观察与靶肌肉肌湿质量恢复率、运动神经传导速度、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度的检测。结果与结论:经富血小板血浆诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的去细胞神经移植修复神经的靶肌肉肌湿质量恢复率、运动神经传导速度、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度及形态学观察明显优于移植单纯化学萃取的去细胞神经与骨髓间充质干细胞结合化学萃取的去细胞神经的效果,而与移植自体神经修复结果相似。说明经诱导后的骨髓间充质干细胞在体内具有许旺细胞的部分功能,可作为组织工程化外周神经的种子细胞,用于周围神经缺损的修复。     

督脉电针与神经干细胞移植联合应用促进脊髓全横断大鼠受损伤的神经元存活及其轴突再生

目的探讨督脉电针与神经干细胞移植联合应用对脊髓全横断大鼠受损伤的神经元存活及其轴突再生的影响。方法将对照组、神经干细胞移植组、督脉电针组和督脉电针＋神经干细胞移植组的成年大鼠胸10脊髓段做全横断损伤;其中神经干细胞移植组和电针神经干细胞组在损伤处移植神经干细胞。电针组和电针神经干细胞移植组在术后开始接受督脉电针治疗。所有动物存活67d。结果1．电针神经干细胞移植组脊髓损伤处的去甲肾上腺素能、5-羟色胺受体、降钙素基因相关肽能和生长相关蛋白-43阳性染色的4种神经纤维均明显多于其他几组。2．电镜下可观察到脊髓横断处有再生的神经纤维穿越,在电针神经干细胞移植组尤为明显。3．大脑体感运动区皮质和中脑红核受损伤的神经元存活数量也多于其他几组,一些神经元的再生神经纤维可能穿越横断处,进入尾端脊髓组织。结论督脉电针与神经干细胞移植联合应用能促进脊髓全横断大鼠受损伤的神经元存活及其轴突再生。     

施万细胞对植入大鼠脊髓损伤区内的神经干细胞存活和分化的影响

目的 探讨施万细胞对植入损伤脊髓内的神经干细胞的存活及其分化的影响。方法 分离和克隆新生大鼠海马组织的神经干细胞；同时获取坐骨神经和臂丛神经，从中分离和纯化施万细胞。在移植前先用核荧光(Hoechst33342)标记神经干细胞。实验组为神经干细胞和施万细胞联合移植入大鼠脊髓半横断处，对照组为单独神经干细胞移植。应用免疫组织化学和酶组织化学技术，在移植后7d、14d、21d和30d分别观察神经干细胞的存活和分化情况。结果 实验组的神经干细胞比对照组迁移的更远，分化为神经丝蛋白染色阳性神经元样细胞的数量比对照组的多，并且有较长的突起长出。在30d实验组中，移植的神经干细胞有部分呈乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)染色阳性。而在对照组中，移植区内仅有少数呈AchE染色弱阳性的神经干细胞。结论 在脊髓损伤处，施万细胞可促进移植的神经干细胞存活、迁移和向神经元样细胞分化；有些神经元样细胞能长出较长的突起，有些呈现乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。     

三嵌段高分子骨组织工程支架材料的制备及细胞粘附性研究

目的　制备三嵌段高分子骨组织工程支架材料———聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇 ,并比较与聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料对骨髓基质细胞的粘附性 ,为骨组织工程支架材料的选择提供依据。方法　通过本体开环共聚法合成聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物 ,用红外光谱检测 ;利用高温显微镜测定两种材料的表面接触角 ;体外培养骨髓基质细胞 ,然后分别接种至上述两种材料上 ,测定细胞粘附率和细胞粘附力 ,并进行扫描电镜观察。结果　红外光谱证明聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物形成 ;聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇材料的表面接触角是 6 3 3度 ,聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料的表面接触角是 6 7 5度 ;细胞粘附率分别为 6 9 .7%和 6 1. 3% ;细胞粘附力分别为 32 1 . 1 5± 92. 39× 1 0 - 1 0 牛顿和 2 1 6. 96± 73 .76× 1 0 - 1 0 牛顿 ;扫描电镜观察结果为聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇材料表面粘附的细胞数明显多于聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料表面粘附的细胞数。结论　聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇材料的粘附性优于聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料的粘附性 ,是一种理想的骨组织工程支架材料。     

干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究进展

目的:探讨脊髓损伤后干细胞移植对神经功能恢复的作用机制及临床疗效.方法:检索国内外报道的实验大鼠脊髓损伤造模后干细胞移植的相关文献,对实验结果进行综合分析,评估大鼠神经功能恢复效果.结果:胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、许旺细胞、嗅鞘细胞移植到受损脊髓实验大鼠后可分化成不同功能类型的神经细胞,能释放促进宿主神经元再生的营养因子,重建轴突的连续性.结论:脊髓损伤后干细胞移植可重建脊髓神经传导的连续性,预示着干细胞在脊髓损伤的治疗中具有良好的应用前景.     

输尿管支架生物降解材料丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物在体外的降解及临床应用

背景：目前不同形式的输尿管支架均有其并发症,因此,如何选择适宜的支架来治疗泌尿系统疾病是目前医学界研究的热点。 目的：探讨输尿管支架生物降解材料丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物在体外的降解规律及临床应用前景。 方法：由第一作者检索1991-01/2009-12 PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)有关输尿管支架生物降解材料丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物在体外的降解及临床应用方面的文献,英文检索词为“SR-PLGA;in-vitro degradation;degradalion rate”,中文检索词为“丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物;体外降解;降解速率”。检索文献量总计135篇,排除陈旧及重复性文章,最终纳入17篇文献进一步分析。 结果与结论：高分子降解性输尿管支架材料体内外生物降解性质的研究国外报道较少,国内则未见报道,目前该领域处于基础研究阶段。作为生物降解性高分子材料,降解性质及相容性是此种材料得以应用的首要条件,了解材料的降解及相容性对材料的临床应用具有极其重要的意义。输尿管支架生物降解材料丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的生物相容性良好,通过调整乙交酯与丙交酯的组分比,可有效调节共聚物的降解速率。     

过表达胶质细胞神经营养因子基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤

文题释义： 胶质细胞源性神经营养因子：作为轴突再生的一种重要神经营养因子,可诱导间充质干细胞向神经样细胞分化并对中枢神经系统退行性疾病、脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复起到重要作用。 突触素：作为突触的特异性蛋白是突触形成过程中最重要的标志物,主要位于神经元胞体及轴突,可调节神经元轴突延伸,参与突触囊泡的介导转运、神经递质释放,对促进脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复起到重要作用。 背景：胶质细胞神经营养因子(glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)在诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)体外定向分化及促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能恢复过程中起到重要作用。 目的：观察过表达GDNF基因的BMSCs分化情况及其促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能恢复的潜在分子机制。 方法：①以重组目的基因腺病毒转染BMSCs并分为Ad-GDNF-GFP转染组、Ad-GFP转染组、未转染组,免疫荧光鉴定各组细胞神经元特异性烯醇化酶及微管相关蛋白2的表达,Western blot检测各组细胞GDNF、Wnt3a、Wnt7a蛋白表达。②以改良Allen法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型,将造模成功的45只SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别以过表达GDNF基因BMSCs(GDNF-BMSCs)、BMSCs、PBS移植至脊髓损伤局部。移植后4周采用BBB评分法评估大鼠运动功能恢复情况,苏木精-伊红染色观察脊髓形态变化,免疫组化检测损伤局部神经元特异性烯醇化酶、突触素Ⅰ及胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达,Western blot检测损伤局部Bcl-2、肿瘤坏死因子α蛋白表达。 结果与结论：①Ad-GDNF-GFP转染组BMSCs可向神经元样细胞形态转变并表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶、微管相关蛋白2;Wnt3a、Wnt7a蛋白表达量显著高于Ad-GFP转染组、未转染组;②移植后4周,GDNF-BMSCs移植组大鼠BBB评分明显提高、脊髓空洞面积显著缩小。GDNF-BMSCs移植组脊髓损伤局部胶质纤维酸性蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α表达量显著低于BMSCs移植组及PBS移植组,而神经元特异性烯醇化酶、突触素Ⅰ及Bcl-2表达量显著高于BMSCs移植组、PBS移植组;③结果表明,Wnt信号通路参与过表达GDNF基因 BMSCs向成熟神经元分化过程,移植后通过降低脊髓损伤局部炎症反应、减少细胞凋亡及胶质瘢痕形成、促进轴突再生,提高BMSCs移植治疗脊髓损伤的疗效。 ORCID: 0000-0001-6467-730X(黄成) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

NgR基因沉默骨髓间充质干细胞/许旺细胞支架复合体的构建

背景：细胞联合移植、NgR基因沉默及聚乳酸-乙醇酸支架为近年来脊髓神经损伤修复的研究热点。 目的：探讨NgR基因沉默的骨髓间充质干细胞/许旺细胞在聚乳酸-乙醇酸膜上生长及分化的可行性。 方法：将骨髓间充质干细胞、许旺细胞分离、纯化及扩增后,经小分子干扰RNA转染以沉默NgR基因表达,用反转录-聚合酶链反应、Western blot检测两种细胞在转染前后NgR基因/蛋白的表达。在有血清的条件下,按骨髓间充质干细胞组、许旺细胞组及联合组(均以未转染细胞为对照,共6组)分别接种到聚乳酸-乙醇酸膜上,观察各组细胞的贴附、生长、分化情况。 结果与结论：转染小分子干扰RNA后,与转染前相比,实验组NgR基因和蛋白的表达量明显降低(P < 0.05)。经过培养,在聚乳酸-乙醇酸膜上观察与未转染组相比,NgR基因沉默各组均观测到种植细胞的大量贴附和生长。提示NgR基因沉默有促进骨髓间充质干细胞/许旺细胞贴附、生长的作用。     

脂肪干细胞与三维支架体内外培养构建的组织工程化气管

背景：气管替代物包括自体组织皮瓣、气管同种异体移植、人工材料支架和无活力组织移植等,但均因为相关严重并发症和获取困难等因素使临床应用遇到很大困难。 目的：利用脂肪干细胞与聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(poly-D,L-lactio-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)、聚三亚甲基碳酸酯(poly(trimethylenecarbonate),PTMC)共聚物支架构建组织工程化气管支架模型。 方法：组织块法原代分离培养SD大鼠脂肪干细胞,脂肪干细胞行流式细胞术及多向分化能力鉴定,分别种植于PLGA-PTMC支架,经体内体外培养后行免疫组织化学及扫描电镜观察。 结果与结论：大鼠脂肪干细胞接种于支架后,呈球形,伸展出伪足,均匀贴附PLGA-PTMC支架,细胞间相互融合成团;经体内培养后,新生毛细血管丰富。PLGA-PTMC支架具有良好的生物相容性,无细胞毒性,其多孔的三维立体状结构适合脂肪干细胞黏附生长。经体内、体外培养得到组织工程化气管模型,新生血管丰富,可以作为有效的气管替代物。     

神经干细胞在新型复合支架中的生长和分化

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cells with self-proliferation and differentiation potential are the ideal seed cells for central nervous tissue engineering. Although collagen and silk fibroin as biological scaffold materials have been widely used, both of them used alone have certain shortcomings. Is it possible to combine the two materials to build a novel neural tissue-engineered scaffold? What is the effect of this novel scaffold on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells? OBJECTIVE:To observe the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells seeded onto the novel composite scaffold. METHODS:The rat embryonic neural stem cells were inoculated onto new composite scaffolds, and then, their growth and differentiation were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Neural stem cells were cultured in conventional suspension culture as control group. Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect viability of neural stem cells in the two groups. Three-dimensional composite scaffolds carrying neural stem cells were sliced into paraffin sections to observe the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Neural stem cells cultured on the new composite scaffold grew and differentiated well, and interconnected synapses were observed. Cell counting kit-8 assay showed that neural stem cells on the scaffold grew well, and the cell viability was significantly higher in the composite scaffold group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining of paraffin sections further provided evidence for good growth and differentiation of neural stem cells on the scaffold. These results indicate that the novel composite scaffold with good biocompatibility benefits the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells, promising a favorable application prospect.     

Poly (D,L-lactic acid) macroporous guidance scaffolds seeded with Schwann cells genetically modified to secrete a bi-functional neurotrophin implanted in the completely transected adult rat thoracic spinal cord

Freeze-dried poly(D,L-lactic acid) macroporous scaffold filled with a fibrin solution containing Schwann cells (SCs) lentivirally transduced to produce and secrete D15A, a bi-functional neurotrophin with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 activity, and to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) were implanted in the completely transected adult rat thoracic spinal cord. Control rats were similarly injured and then implanted with scaffolds containing the fibrin solution with SCs lentivirally transduced to produce express GFP only or with the fibrin solution only. Transgene production and biological activity in vitro, SC survival within the scaffold in vitro and in vivo, scaffold integration, axonal regeneration and myelination, and hind limb motor function were analyzed at 1, 2, and 6 weeks after implantation. In vitro, lentivirally transduced SCs produced 87.5 ng/24 h/10(6) cells of D15A as measured by neurotrophin-3 activity in ELISA. The secreted D15A was biologically active as evidenced by its promotion of neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture. In vitro, SCs expressing GFP were present in the scaffolds for up to 6 h, the end of a typical surgery session. Implantation of SC-seeded scaffolds caused modest loss of spinal nervous tissue. Reactive astrocytes and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans were present in spinal tissue adjacent to the scaffold. Vascularization of the scaffold was ongoing at 1 week post-implantation. There were no apparent differences in scaffold integration and blood vessel formation between groups. A decreasing number of implanted (GFP-positive) SCs were found within the scaffold during the first 3 days after implantation. Apoptosis was identified as one of the mechanisms of cell death. At 1 week and later time points after implantation, few of the implanted SCs were present in the scaffold. Neurofilament-positive axons were found in the scaffold. At 6 weeks post-grafting, myelinated axons were observed within and at the external surface of the scaffold. Axons did not grow from the scaffold into the caudal cord. All groups demonstrated a similar improvement of hind limb motor function. Our findings demonstrated that few seeded SCs survived in vivo, which could account for the modest axonal regeneration response into and across the scaffold. For the development of SC-seeded macroporous scaffolds that effectively promote axonal regeneration in the injured spinal cord, the survival and/or total number of SCs in the scaffold needs to be improved.     

Regeneration of completely transected spinal cord using scaffold of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/small intestinal submucosa seeded with rat bone marrow stem cells

Using a complete spinal cord transection model, the present study employed a combinatorial strategy comprising rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) and polymer scaffolds to regenerate neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI) of different lengths. SCI models with completely transected lesions were prepared by surgical removal of 1?mm (SC1) or 3?mm (SC3) lengths of spinal cord in the eighth-to-ninth spinal vertebrae, a procedure that resulted in bilateral hindlimb paralysis. A cylindrical poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/small intestinal submucosa scaffold 1 or 3?mm in length with or without rBMSCs was fitted into the completely transected lesion. Rats in SC1 and SC3 groups implanted with rBMSC-containing scaffolds received Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores for hindlimb locomotion of 15 and 8, respectively, compared with ～3 for control rats in SC1-C and SC3-C groups implanted with scaffolds lacking rBMSCs. The amplitude of motor-evoked potentials recorded in the hindlimb area of the sensorimotor cortex after stimulation of the injured spinal cord averaged ～100?μV in SC1-C and 10-50?μV in SC3-C groups at 4 weeks, and then declined to nearly zero at 8 weeks. In contrast, the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials increased from ～300 to 350?μV between 4 and 8 weeks in SC1 rats and from ～200 to ～250?μV in SC3 rats. These results demonstrate functional recovery in rBMSC-transplanted rats, especially those with smaller defects. Immunohistochemically stained sections of the injury site showed clear evidence for axonal regeneration only in rBMSC-transplanted SC1 and SC3 models. In addition, rBMSCs were detected at the implanted site 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, indicating cell survival in SCI. Collectively, our results indicate that therapeutic rBMSCs in a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/small intestinal submucosa scaffold induced nerve regeneration in a complete spinal cord transection model and showed that functional recovery further depended on defect length.     

胶原/丝素蛋白支架联合神经干细胞治疗创伤性脊髓损伤北大核心

背景:随着交通事故、坠落伤、运动损伤等不断增多,创伤性脊髓损伤已成为危及脊髓健康的一个重要问题。目的:探讨胶原/丝素蛋白支架联合神经干细胞治疗创伤性脊髓损伤的疗效。方法:①分别提取胶原和丝素蛋白原料,将二者以质量比2∶4混合,采用真空冷冻干燥法制备胶原/丝素蛋白支架;将第3代GFP小鼠神经干细胞接种至胶原/丝素蛋白支架上,光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察神经干细胞生长情况。②采用随机数字表达将40只成年SD大鼠分5组,正常组不进行任何处理,模型组建立T10段脊髓缺损模型,干细胞组脊髓缺损处注射神经干细胞,支架组脊髓缺损处植入胶原/丝素蛋白支架,联合组脊髓缺损处植入接种神经干细胞的胶原/丝素蛋白支架,每组8只。术后每周进行旷场实验BBB评分和斜坡实验,术后第8周行神经诱发电位检测、苏木精-伊红和免疫荧光染色,评价创伤性脊髓损伤大鼠恢复情况。结果与结论:①光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察显示,胶原/丝素蛋白支架上有利于神经干细胞的黏附、伸展与分化。②旷场实验BBB评分和斜坡实验结果显示,脊髓损伤各组大鼠的运动功能随时间的延长均有不同程度的恢复,各治疗组大鼠的运动功能的恢复速度与程度均优于模型组,其中以联合组大鼠运动功能恢复最好。术后第8周,脊髓损伤后各治疗组大鼠的运动诱发电位和体感诱发电位的潜伏期、振幅检测结果均优于模型组(P<0.05),联合组检测结果优于干细胞组、支架组(P<0.05)。术后第8周苏木精-伊红染色显示,模型组大鼠脊髓损伤部位修复效果最差,联合组修复效果最好;免疫荧光染色显示,模型组大鼠脊髓损伤部位神经丝蛋白阳性细胞最少,各治疗组神经丝蛋白阳性细胞均多于模型组,其中以联合组最多。③胶原/丝素蛋白支架联合神经干细胞对创伤性脊髓损伤大鼠双下肢功能改善和脊髓组织修复具有一定效果。     

纤维蛋白支架促进神经干细胞向神经元分化并抑制星形胶质细胞增生

目的探讨纤维蛋白支架对神经干细胞和星形胶质细胞分化及增殖的影响。方法分别培养胚胎大鼠脊髓来源的神经干细胞和新生鼠脊髓神经胶质细胞,接种于纤维蛋白支架上,同时用多聚赖氨酸修饰的玻片作为对照。于体外培养不同时间后,用神经丝蛋白(NF200)对神经细胞进行免疫荧光染色,测量各复孔(n=4)内NF阳性细胞的突起长度,计算其平均值;用胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)对胶质细胞进行染色,各复孔(n=4)内统计5个不同视野的胶质细胞总数和GFAP阳性细胞数,计算GFAP阳性细胞相对数量的平均值。比较在纤维蛋白支架和玻片上神经干细胞分化、神经纤维延伸及神经胶质细胞增殖的差异。同时用免疫印迹技术对荧光染色结果进行验证。上述实验各重复3次。结果纤维蛋白支架组的NF阳性纤维明显长于对照组,GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞相对数量明显少于对照组,GFAP的表达水平明显低于对照组。结论纤维蛋白支架可促进神经干细胞向神经细胞分化,并有利于神经纤维的延伸而抑制星形胶质细胞的增殖和成熟。     

Polydatin loaded collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold in the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats北大核心

BACKGROUND: At present, the research on the neuroprotective effect of polydatin has gradually become a hot spot in the field of neurology. The research direction is mostly focused on ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and there are few studies on the application of spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: With collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold as carrier, polydatin was applied to the injured spinal cord to observe the repair effect. METHODS: (1) Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds and collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds loaded with 0.5, 1, 1.5 mmol/L polydatin were prepared. The third generation of rat neural stem cells was seeded on four kinds of scaffolds, and the proliferation of cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. During inducing neural differentiation of neural stem cells, the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, Tuj-1 and Oligo were detected by immunofluorescence staining and RTPCR. (2) The spinal cord injury model of adult male SD rats was established and divided into three groups. The model control group (n=10) was not implanted with any materials. The control group (n=10) was implanted with collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold, and the experimental group (n=10) was implanted with 1 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold. Meanwhile, sham operation group (n=10) was set up. BBB score was used to test the motor function of the right hind limb within 8 weeks after operation. At 8 weeks after operation, the spinal cord tissues were taken for histological observation, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At 3 and 7 days of culture, the absorbance value of cell proliferation on 1 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold was higher than that on the other three scaffolds (P < 0.05). (2) Immunofluorescence staining 7 days after induction showed that the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in 1 and 1.5 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups were less than those in the other two collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups, but the expression levels of Oligo and Tuj-1 were more than those in the other two collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups. (3) RT-PCR results showed that the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA in 1 and 1.5 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups was lower than that in the other two collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Tuj-1 mRNA among the four groups. The expression of Oligo mRNA in 1 mmol/L polydatin/collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold group was higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). (4) Spinal cord injury repair experiments showed that the BBB score of the experimental group was always higher than that of the model control group and the control group 2-8 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the spinal cord defects in the control group and the observation group were filled with scaffolds, and the space between the tissues was smaller than that in the model control group. The tissue continuity and space in the observation group were better than those in the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis and western blot assay showed that the expression of neurofilament-200 protein in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group and model control group (P < 0.05). The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group and model control group (P < 0.05). (5) It is concluded that polydatin loaded collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds can promote the repair of spinal cord injury. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

去细胞肌肉生物支架与人脐带间充质干细胞的相容性

背景：去细胞肌肉生物支架联合人脐带间充质干细胞移植将是治疗脊髓损伤的一项重要措施。但两者是否具有良好的相容性,人脐带间充质干细胞能否在去细胞肌肉生物支架中长期存活并均匀分布,尚未得到证实。 目的：观察大鼠去细胞肌肉生物支架与人脐带间充质干细胞的相容性。 方法：改良化学法制备大鼠去细胞肌肉生物支架,将第3代人脐带间充质干细胞Hoechest33342荧光标记后分为3组进行实验,细胞+支架组、细胞+支架大鼠体内组和单纯细胞组。分别应用苏木精-伊红、Masson染色方法观察去细胞肌肉生物支架的组织形态,以荧光倒置相差显微镜和扫描电镜观察人脐带间充质干细胞的吸附和生长情况。 结果与结论：人脐带间充质干细胞与去细胞肌肉生物支架充分附着,生长增殖活跃,细胞在支架内分布均匀。细胞+支架体内组与细胞+支架组相比在移植后1-7 d人脐带间充质干细胞数量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),在移植14 d细胞+支架体内组人脐带间充质干细胞数量大于细胞+支架组(P < 0.05)。提示去细胞肌肉生物支架与人脐带间充质干细胞有较好的相容性,体内环境更有利于细胞增殖和两者融合。     

Weft-knitted silk-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) mesh scaffold combined with collagen matrix and seeded with mesenchymal stem cells for rabbit Achilles tendon repair

Abstract

Natural silk fibroin fiber scaffolds have excellent mechanical properties, but degrade slowly. In this study, we used poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, 10:90) fibers to adjust the overall degradation rate of the scaffolds and filled them with collagen to reserve space for cell growth. Silk fibroin-PLGA (36:64) mesh scaffolds were prepared using weft-knitting, filled with type I collagen, and incubated with rabbit autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These scaffold–cells composites were implanted into rabbit Achilles tendon defects. At 16 weeks after implantation, morphological and histological observations showed formation of tendon-like tissues that expressed type I collagen mRNA and a uniformly dense distribution of collagen fibers. The maximum load of the regenerated Achilles tendon was 58.32% of normal Achilles tendon, which was significantly higher than control group without MSCs. These findings suggest that it is feasible to construct tissue engineered tendon using weft-knitted silk fibroin-PLGA fiber mesh/collagen matrix seeded with MSCs for rabbit Achilles tendon defect repair.