CBP基因对肺鳞癌NCI-H520细胞生长侵袭的抑制作用

目的:研究CSK结合蛋白(CSK-binding protein, CBP)基因转染对人肺鳞癌NCI-H520细胞体外生长侵袭的影响?方法:构建CBP真核表达质粒pcDNA3.0-CBP,以脂质体转染法转染体外培养的人肺鳞癌细胞株NCI-H520,G418筛选出抗性克隆?Western-blotting和RT-PCR分别检测转染前后CBP蛋白和mRNA水平的变化,MTT法分析细胞生长抑制作用,Transwell体外侵袭实验和Wound-healing实验观察细胞的侵袭和迁移能力?结果:稳定转染CBP基因的细胞株有外源目的基因的整合和相应蛋白的高表达?MTT检测表明,pcDNA3.0-CBP转染组活细胞数低于未转染组和pcDNA3.0(-)空载体质粒细胞转染组(P < 0.01)?细胞侵袭?迁移实验表明转染pcDNA3.0-CBP的瘤细胞侵袭与迁移能力均明显下降(P < 0.01)?结论:外源性CBP基因稳定转染可抑制人肺鳞癌NCI-H520细胞增殖?侵袭的恶性表型?     

MicroRNA-129-2靶向调控SOX4抑制食管癌细胞增殖与侵袭转移的研究

目的探讨 MicroRNA-129-2（miR-129-2）在体内外抑制食管癌细胞增殖和侵袭转移的作用及可能机制,为食管癌的预后评估及靶向治疗提供新的思路。方法将 miR-129-2 mimics 及 miR-129-2 mimics NC 基因序列分别转染到食管癌 NMC109细胞中,并设为 miR-129-2 mimics 高表达组和 miR-129-2 mimics 阴性对照组（miR-129-2 mimics NC 组）,将非转染的 NMC109细胞设为空白对照组。体外实验：运用 MTT 法检测3组细胞的增殖能力、Transwell 法检测细胞侵袭能力、蛋白印迹法检测 SOX4蛋白表达。采用裸鼠体内移植瘤形成实验检测3组细胞在体内环境下的增殖能力。结果 miR-129-2 mimics 组的食管癌细胞增殖活性及侵袭能力较 miR-129-2 mimics NC 组及空白对照组明显减弱（P ＜0.001）,而空白对照组与 miR-129-2 mimics NC 组食管癌细胞增殖性及侵袭性无明显差异（P ＞0.05）;miR-129-2 mimics 组的食管癌细胞中,SOX4的表达下调（P ＜0.001）;miR-129-2 mimics 组裸鼠移植瘤体积及重量明显减小（P ＜0.001）,而 miR-129-2mimics NC 组及空白对照组无明显差异（P ＞0.05）。结论 miR-129-2具有抑制食管癌细胞 NMC109增殖和侵袭转移的作用,其作用机制可能与靶向下调 SOX4基因表达有关。     

miR-4306通过下调SATB2表达抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭

目的: 研究miR-4306在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达及其对骨肉瘤细胞生物学行为的影响。方法: 选取人成骨细胞hFOB 1.19和骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2、MNNG/HOS CI #5,采用qRT-PCR检测miR-4306表达水平。将miR-4306 mimics和阴性对照分别转染至骨肉瘤细胞Saos-2和MNNG/HOS CI #5,采用CCK-8法和克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖,Transwell实验检测细胞迁移及侵袭,蛋白质免疫印迹检测细胞内上皮间质转化（epithelial mesenchymal transition, EMT）标志蛋白表达水平。通过在线靶基因预测网站Targetscan、Starbase预测miR-4306靶基因可能为富含AT序列特异性结合蛋白2（special AT rich sequence binding protein 2, SATB2）,荧光素酶报告系统鉴定靶向关系。将miR 4306 mimics、LV SATB2共转染至骨肉瘤细胞中,检测细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭以及EMT标志蛋白表达水平变化。结果: 与人成骨细胞hFOB 1.19比较,骨肉瘤细胞Saos 2、MNNG/HOS CI #5中miR-4306表达明显降低（P均＜0.01）。转染miR-4306 mimics后,骨肉瘤细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力下降,N-钙黏蛋白、血管内皮生长因子表达水平显著降低,E 钙黏蛋白表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05或＜0.01）。SATB2是miR-4306下游的直接靶标;与miR-4306 mimics+LV-NC组比较,miR-4306 mimics+LV-SATB2组部分逆转miR-4306对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移和EMT的影响。结论: miR-4306在骨肉瘤细胞中呈低表达,其可通过下调SATB2表达抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和EMT。     

miR-584对人胶质母细胞瘤侵袭和迁移能力的影响

目的探讨miR-584对人胶质母细胞瘤U251细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响。方法将化学合成的miR-584-3p在脂质体Lipofectamine 2000的介导下,瞬时转染人胶质母细胞瘤U251,细胞分为空白对照组(无转染,其他条件相同)、mimics NC组(转染miR-584-3p mimics阴性对照序列)、miR-584-3p mimics组(转染miR-584-3p mimics)、inhibitor NC组(转染miR-584-3p inhibitor阴性对照序列)和miR-584-3p inhibitor组(转染miR-584-3p inhibitor)。Real-time PCR法检测细胞中miR-584-3p的表达水平;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力;划痕实验和Transw ell小室实验检测细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。结果与空白对照组和mimics NC组相比,miR-584-3p mimics组的miR-584-3p表达上调约100倍(P<0.05),细胞增殖能力无明显差异(P>0.05),细胞侵袭和迁移能力明显下降(P<0.05);与空白对照组和inhibitor NC组相比,miR-584-3p inhibitor组的miR-584-3p表达下调至空白对照组的5%(P<0.05),细胞增殖能力无明显差异(P>0.05),细胞侵袭和迁移能力显著增强(P<0.05)。结论 miR-584-3p mimics转染抑制了U251细胞的侵袭和迁移能力;miR-584-3p inhibitor转染能增强U251细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。     

miR-424对非小细胞肺癌细胞株A549迁移及侵袭的影响

目的探讨miR-424对非小细胞肺癌细胞株A549迁移及侵袭的影响。方法 RT-PCR法检测肺癌细胞NCI-H460、NCI-H1975、NCI-H446、A549、NCI-H1299、NCI-H157及人胚肺成纤维细胞MRC-5中miR-424表达,脂质体LipofectamineTM2000将miR-424 inhibitor和miR-424 NC转入A549细胞中,48 h后,RT-PCR法检测miR-424表达,CCK-8法检测细胞活力,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力,western blot检测基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)、MMP9、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及p-Smad3的表达。结果 miR-424在肺癌细胞NCIH460、NCI-H1975、NCI-H446、A549、NCI-H1299、NCI-H157中的[(1.78±0.13),(1.69±0.10),(1.89±0.18),(2.88±0.27),(2.52±0.20),(2.49±0.23)]表达量显著高于miR-424在人胚肺成纤维细胞MRC-5中的(0.58±0.05)表达量(P0.01)。与miR-424 NC组比较,miR-424 inhibitor组miR-424表达量显著降低(P0.01),细胞活力下降(P0.01),细胞迁移及侵袭能力降低(P0.01),MMP2,MMP9,TGF-β1及p-Smad3表达量均显著下调(P0.01)。结论 miR-424表达量下调后能通过抑制TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路进而抑制A549细胞的迁移及侵袭。     

miR-185对肝癌细胞生长增殖及侵袭迁移的影响

目的 探讨miR-185对人肝癌细胞HepG2和SMMC-7721生长增殖、侵袭迁移能力的影响.方法 构建miR-185过表达载体、合成miR-185反义寡聚核苷酸(antisense oligonucleotide,ASO),经脂质体转染肝癌细胞HepG2和SMMC-7721.利用CCK-8和Transwell小室实验检测细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力;生物信息学数据库预测结合基因芯片结果确定miR-185的候选靶基因NRl D1;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术和Western blot检测miR-185对细胞中NRlD1基因表达水平的影响;荧光报告载体实验验证miR-185对靶基因的调控作用.结果 miR-185在人肝癌细胞中的mRNA表达水平显著低于正常肝细胞(P＜0.01);过表达miR-185使人肝癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力降低,下调肝癌细胞中NRl D1基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平(P＜0.01);荧光报告载体实验证明miR-185可以通过作用于NRlDl mRNA的3’端非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR)下调其表达水平(P＜0.05).结论 miR-185能抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、侵袭迁移能力,NRlD1是miR-185的直接靶基因.     

microRNA-622调控DYRK2在结肠癌中表达并促进结肠癌细胞SW1116侵袭转移

目的 探讨微小RNA622(microRNA-622,miR-622)及双重特异性酪氨酸调节激酶2(DYRK2)在结肠癌组织及结肠细胞系SW1116、SW480中的表达情况并研究其对SW1116侵袭转移能力的影响.方法 选取82例结肠癌及癌旁组织标本,培养结肠癌细胞系SW1116、SW480及正常结肠上皮细胞系NCM460细胞.Real time PCR检测组织及细胞中miR-622的表达,Real time PCR、免疫组织化学、Western blot检测DYRK2基因及蛋白的表达并行Pearson相关性分析.在SW1116中转染miR-622 mimics上调miR-622表达,同时对照(NC)组转染阴性序列并验证,Real time PCR及Western blot进一步检测上调miR-622后SW1116中DYRK2基因及蛋白表达水平,同时用Transwell法检测SW1116细胞侵袭转移能力的变化.结果 Real time PCR及Western blot结果显示,相比于癌旁组织和正常结肠上皮细胞系NCM460,结肠癌组织及结肠癌细胞SW1116中miR-622 mRNA呈高表达而DYRK2 mRNA及蛋白呈低表达,两者表达呈明显负相关(r=0.916,P＜0.01).转染miR-622 mimics后,Real time PCR及Western blot结果显示,相比于NC组,miR-622 mimics组DYRK2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平减低(P＜0.01).相应的,Transwell结果显示,相比于NC组,SW1116细胞转染miR-622 mimics后侵袭转移能力明显增强(P＜0.01).结论 结肠癌中miR-622呈高表达而DYRK2呈低表达,上调miR-622可负性调控DYRK2表达并促进SW1116细胞侵袭转移.     

miR-107对HepG2细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的探讨miR-107对HepG2细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响,以及对CDK6蛋白表达的调控。方法将50 nmol/L的miR-107 mimics 或阴性对照序列由 Lipofectamine 2000转染入人肝癌细胞株 HepG2中;qRT-PCR 法检测转染后HepG2细胞内miR-107表达水平;四甲基偶氮唑蓝( MTT)法检测细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术分析转染后细胞周期的变化;Western blot法检测CDK6蛋白表达水平。结果转染后24 h,miR-107 mimics转染组细胞内miR-107表达水平较空白对照组明显升高(P<0.05);与空白对照组相比,miR-107 mimics转染组HepG2细胞增殖受抑制( P<0.05),处于G0/G1期的细胞增多( P <0.05), CDK6蛋白表达下调( P <0.05)。结论 miR-107能够抑制 HepG2细胞增殖并诱导HepG2细胞G0/G1期阻滞,这可能与其抑制 CDK6蛋白的表达有关。     

MicroRNA-152在胃癌细胞中表达及对细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨microRNA-152(miR-152)在胃癌细胞中的表达情况以及对胃癌细胞增殖的影响及其可能的机制。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR(real-timePCR)方法检测胃癌细胞系MGC-803、SGC-7901、BGC-823和胃上皮细胞GES-1(作为对照)中miR-152的表达情况。采用脂质体法,转染miR-152模拟物(miR-152mimics)构建miR-152过表达体系,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测miR-152对MGC-803胃癌细胞系增殖能力的影响,Westernblot检测转染miR-152mimics后E2F3蛋白的表达情况。结果 MGC-803、SGC-7901、BGC-823胃癌细胞系中miR-152的相对表达量分别为(0.05±0.01)、(0.19±0.03)、(0.48±0.09),表明在胃癌细胞中miR-152的表达明显下调(P<0.05)。MTT法检测结果显示,转染miR-152mimics后可明显抑制MGC-803胃癌细胞的增殖(P<0.05)。Westernblot结果表明,转染miR-152后,E2F3蛋白水平显著下降。结论 miR-152在胃癌细胞中明显低表达,并可能通过下调癌基因E2F3的表达,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,从而发挥抑癌基因的功能。     

miR-214通过靶向调控E2F3抑制肝癌细胞的增殖

目的探讨miR-214通过靶向调控E2F转录因子3(E2F3)抑制肝癌细胞的增殖。方法 RT-PCR法检测细胞株SMMC-7721、Hep G2、SK-Hep-1和Huh 7中miR-214的表达量,并利用脂质体转染miR-214 NC及miR-214 mimics。采用MTT法检测miR-214对肝癌细胞活力的影响;Hoechst染色试剂盒检测miR-214对细胞凋亡的影响,流式细胞术检测miR-214对细胞周期的影响;Western blot及RT-PCR法检测miR-214对肝癌细胞中E2F3蛋白及mRNA表达量的影响,并通过荧光素酶报告基因进行验证。结果 SMMC-7721、SK-Hep-1、Huh 7及Hep G2中miR-214的表达量分别为(0.83±0.08)、(0.32±0.03)、(0.33±0.03)、(0.08±0.01),其中Hep G2中miR-214表达量最低,因此选用Hep G2作为后续实验细胞株。Hep G2细胞转染miR-214 NC及miR-214 mimics、miR-214mimics组中miR-214表达量(0.65±0.06)明显高于miR-214 NC组(0.14±0.01),miR-214 mimics组细胞活力(0.35±0.03)明显低于miR-214 NC组(0.69±0.06),miR-214 mimics组细胞凋亡率(36.37±3.43)%明显高于miR-214 NC组(3.74±0.34)%,miR-214 mimics组G1期明(57.79±5.78)显长于miR-214 NC组(45.319±4.53),miR-214 mimics组中E2F3蛋白[(0.23±0.02)、(0.24±0.02)]及mRNA表达量明显低于miR-214 NC组[(0.98±0.09)、(0.99±0.10)],差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 miR-214过表达能通过下调E2F3表达抑制肝癌细胞的增殖。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.