甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏22例分析

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的临床特点及防治体会。方法回顾性分析我院普外科2015年1月～2017年12月行颈中央区淋巴结清扫的521例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,对淋巴漏患者临床资料进行分析总结。结果共出现淋巴漏22例,发生率为4.2%。不同淋巴结清扫范围的淋巴漏发生率不同(P0.001),其中,与右侧中央区清扫相比较,左侧及双侧中央区淋巴结清扫淋巴漏发生率明显升高(P=0.007、P=0.000004)。21例淋巴漏患者均通过各种保守治疗治愈,术后住院时间为(7.43±1.57)d,仅1例行手术治疗,22例患者随访6个月均无复发。结论甲状腺乳头状癌颈清扫术后淋巴漏主要在于预防,清扫左侧中央区淋巴结时尤其要注意,多数患者可通过保守治疗治愈,少数保守治疗无效患者可考虑再次手术治疗。     

甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后并发淋巴漏12例的护理

目的探讨甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后并发淋巴漏的观察、预防和有效的护理措施。方法回顾性病例分析2000年9月-2009年3月间438例甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后并发12例淋巴漏的临床资料。结果 12例患者采用负压吸引、局部加压及低脂饮食的保守治疗,其中10例获得痊愈,平均愈合时间为11d（8～16d）,2例失败,经手术治疗而痊愈。结论乳糜瘘经积极而合理的保守治疗或手术治疗以及精心的护理是可以治愈的。     

甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后淋巴管漏及胸导管漏处理体会

目的 探讨甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后淋巴管漏和乳糜漏的原因,诊断及处理体会. 方法 回顾分析842例甲状腺癌行颈部淋巴结清扫术及术后发生淋巴管漏或乳糜漏的25例患者的临床病历资料. 结果 术中发现胸导管损伤5例,予结扎处理,术后未发生乳糜漏或淋巴瘘.术后发生淋巴管漏14 例,左侧4 例,右侧10例;发生胸导管漏11例;左侧10例,右侧1例.所有患者都给持续负压引流及局部压迫处理,部分患者给予饮食控制和肠外营养支持治疗.淋巴管漏的14例患者于1周内治愈,胸导管漏的 8例于2周内治愈,其余3例超过1月,最长1例45天治愈. 结论 术中恰当的处理可以有效避免术后淋巴管或胸导管漏的发生,术后一旦发现淋巴管漏或胸导管漏应及时给予持续负压引流,局部加压包扎和合理的饮食控制及及营养支持等保守治疗可获满意疗效.     

甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后淋巴瘘的防治：附九例报道

目的探讨甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术后淋巴瘘的防治措施。方法回顾性分析吉林大学中日联谊医院2004年1月至2009年4月9例颈清扫术后淋巴瘘患者的临床资料。结果9例患者中表现为左侧乳糜瘘3例,右侧乳糜瘘1例,乳糜胸1例,颈部淋巴瘘伴胸腔淋巴积液1例,其他3例均为淡黄色淋巴液,均通过保守治疗治愈。结论熟悉颈部淋巴管道的解剖,术中仔细操作,掌握淋巴瘘预防要点,多数淋巴瘘经综合非手术治疗措施能够获得治愈。     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治术后淋巴漏12例临床分析

目的探讨后腹腔镜治疗肾癌手术后淋巴漏的发生、诊断、治疗和预防措施。方法回顾性分析行后腹腔镜。肾癌根治手术发生淋巴漏的12例患者的临床资料。结果12例患者临床表现为术后2～7d出现持续大量引流液,每天引流量为95～265ml,5例为淡血性引流液混白色液体,6例为典型的乳白色液体,1例为淡黄色液体。12例患者均通过保守治疗成功。结论淋巴漏作为一种手术并发症在后腹腔镜治疗肾癌术后较为罕见,均可通过保守治疗治愈。术前纠正贫血等、术中不要盲目扩大清扫范围、对非血管性管道予以保护或结扎、合理使用超声刀及对高危患者预防性禁食可预防淋巴漏的发生。     

胃癌清扫术后淋巴漏6例报道

探讨胃癌清扫术后腹腔淋巴漏的发生原因,回顾分析金华市人民医院2005年1月～2010年1月行胃癌清扫术687例患者的临床资料,术后发生腹腔淋巴漏6例,占0．87％,均经非手术治疗后治愈;发生时间为术后5,7d,引流量（300～1200）mL／d,淋巴漏的发生与手术方式、肿瘤分期、全身营养状况及早期肠内营养等有关。为预防胃癌清扫术后腹腔淋巴漏的发生,术前应改善患者全身营养状态,术中选择合适的手术范围,提高手术技巧,重视残余管网的结扎,一旦发生淋巴漏多可保守治愈。     

颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜漏21例分析

目的：探讨预防和治疗颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜漏的处理方法。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2014年9月该科共收治的1793例行颈淋巴结清扫术的患者,对术后出现乳糜漏患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果21例（1．17％）颈乳糜漏患者,其中13例采用局部加压包扎加持续负压引流的常规方法治愈;5例在采用常规方法2～3 d无效的情况下联合生长抑素6mg＋0．9％生理盐水48mL,微量泵泵入2mL／h,维持24h,连用2～3d后治愈;3例再次手术治愈。结论乳糜漏最好的治疗方法在于术中的预防,局部加压包扎加持续负压引流是治疗颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜漏的主要方法;联合生长抑素治疗可提高乳糜漏的闭合率;对持续时间较长、引流量较大、保守治疗无效的患者应采取手术的补救措施。     

颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜瘘的防治

目的：总结120例颈淋巴结清扫术发生6例乳糜瘘或淋巴管漏的原因及处理方法。方法：120例颈淋巴结清扫术中，功能性颈淋巴结清扫术32例，根治性颈淋巴结清扫术98例。术后发生乳糜瘘6例，行局部加压包扎并引流，1例治疗未果行二次手术缝扎，结果：发生乳糜瘘者均为根治性颈清扫术，其中左侧手术43例，发生乳糜瘘4例(8．386％)，右侧55例，发生2例(3．636％)，平均每日引流量20～100ml，5例于术后4～7d止漏，行二次手术(缝扎术)1例，术后19日止漏。9例乳糜瘘或淋巴管漏均治愈。结论：左侧根治性颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜瘘发生率明显高于右侧，与两侧不同的解剖特点有关．术者对解剖的熟悉程度和手术操作的轻柔仔细是预防发生乳糜瘘的关键，乳糜瘘的处理以局部加压为主，难愈者再行二期手术。     

甲状腺癌术后淋巴漏9例综合治疗分析

甲状腺癌是常见的颈部恶性肿瘤,近年来其患病率呈显著上升趋势.颈部淋巴结转移是甲状腺癌最常见的转移方式,目前手术根治及淋巴结清扫仍作为治疗甲状腺癌的主要手段[1].由于颈部具有丰富的淋巴回流,特别是乳糜管及淋巴导管均在颈部汇人静脉系统,颈部淋巴结清扫术后颈淋巴管或乳糜管若损伤,而术中未发现或术中处理不可靠,易并发淋巴漏.颈部恶性肿瘤行根治性颈淋巴结清扫术后,淋巴漏的发生率为1％ ～3％.若淋巴漏得不到及时有效的处理,可导致循环血容量减少、低蛋白血症、局部皮肤感染坏死、颈部大血管腐蚀破裂出血等严重后果,甚至危及患者生命.我院自1998年至2010年共开展甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术326例,发生淋巴漏9例(2.8％).对淋巴漏患者采取综合治疗,疗效满意,现报道如下.     

甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术并发乳糜漏临床分析

目的探讨甲状腺癌淋巴结清扫术并发乳糜漏的预防、诊断及治疗效果。方法术后并发乳糜漏21例中18例行保守治疗,3例再次手术（打开手术切口,找到漏口,结扎、缝扎或局部肩胛舌骨肌填塞）。结果乳糜漏的发生率为3．0％,术后并发乳糜漏21例中18例经保守治疗治愈,3例经再次手术治愈。结论对甲状腺癌淋巴结清扫术并发的乳糜漏应及早诊断,出现乳糜漏后应及时采取适当方法处理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.