新兵乘火车入藏途中血氧饱和度及急性高原病发生情况的动态研究

目的动态观测新兵乘火车入藏途经不同海拔高度的血氧饱和度、心率等生理指标变化及急性高原病(acute mountain sickness,AMS)的发生情况。方法 60名从重庆乘火车去拉萨的新兵,分别在重庆(300 m)、德令哈(2 980 m)、那曲(4 507 m)、拉萨(3 658 m)进行动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、心率、血压测量及AMS发生情况调查。结果火车入高原后,新兵SaO2明显下降(P<0.01),心率显著增快(P<0.01),血压变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4 500 m以上区段SaO2下降最明显。急性高原反应为轻至中度,发生率为20.00%(2 980 m),36.67%(4 507 m),30.00%(3 658 m)。青藏线上,出现症状多为头昏(71名)、其次是胸闷(61名)、头痛(57名)、失眠(50名)、气短(49名)等。结论新兵乘火车急进高原生理改变以动脉血氧饱和度下降及心率增快为主,急性高原反应以轻至中度为主,无重型高原病发生。     

高压氧干预对抗低氧效果的观察

目的探讨高压氧干预对初人高海拔地区青年的作用。方法将42名受试者随机分为A、B、C三组，每组14人。于进驻高原前2d对A组在海拔1400m进行高压氧于预，每天1次共2次；于第3天三组青年同时乘汽车历时2d到达海拔3700m地区休整2d，同时对B组进行高压氧干预（方法同A组）；C组为对照组。于第7天三组青年同时乘汽车历时1d到达海拔5200m某边防哨卡。对三组进驻哨卡第2、4、6天的急性高原反应症状分度评分，同时检测心率（HR）和血氧饱和度（SaO2）。结果A组及B组较C组分值降低、HR减慢、SaO2增高，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高压氧干预可改善高原低氧血症，降低急性高原反应的发病率。     

高海拔地区列车上旅客氧饱和度的无创监测

目的:探讨青藏铁路车厢内旅客的指端血氧饱和度的变化,并根据该指标初步预测发生急性高原反应的大小,及时采取针对性措施.方法:采用美国2500palmSAT掌式脉搏血氧仪(美国燕牌脉搏血氧仪)无创检测了在低海拔(平均海拔1 500m～2 000m)路段、较高海拔 (平均海拔2 300m～3 000m)路段和车厢内供氧的高海拔(平均海拔3 000m～5 000m,车厢内氧浓度维持在23%～25%)路段的旅客指端脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2).结果:高海拔路段同低海拔路段相比, SpO2平均下降5.6%,脉搏SpO2,高海拔路段均低于低海拔路段,差异有显著意义(P<0.05).结论:车厢内供氧缓解了大多数旅客的高原缺氧,但极个别旅客的SpO2仍较低,这些高危旅客如果被及早筛查出来并及早给予医学干预可以有效降低急性高原反应的发生率.     

高原脐贴软膏贴脐预防急性高原反应的效果观察

目的 观察高原脐贴软膏贴脐对急性高原反应(acute mountain sickness,AMS)的预防效果.方法 将62例健康青年男性汽车兵按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组(n=31).自海拔1 392 m,历时5d急进到海拔4 617 m的高原.出发前1d开始,分别予受试者高原脐贴软膏、安慰剂软膏贴脐,膏药每天一换,连续5d.在出发后定期测定受试者心率(HR)、血压(BP)和血氧饱和度(SaO2),并以军用卫生标准GJB1098-91《急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则》制订的《高原临床症状自测问卷表》及《高原急性胃肠应激反应自测评分表》随访记录受试者AMS症状和胃肠道症状;用《不良事件报告表》随访记录受试者的不良反应.结果 急进高原后,观察组胃肠应激反应症状评分和发生率均低于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组第1天的AMS发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05),第3、5天的AMS症状评分和发生率均低于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组第1天的血压和第5天的心率低于对照组(P＜0.05),第5天的SaO2高于对照组(P＜0.05);试验期间无不良反应发生.结论 高原脐贴软膏贴脐对急性高原反应有明显的预防效果.     

非甾体类抗炎药物对急性高原病的预防效果

目的 验证非甾体类抗炎药物盐酸苄达明对急性高原病的预防效果.方法 将急进5 200 m高原的118例健康青年官兵随机分为安慰剂组(n=20)、复方红景天组(n=33)、复方党参组(n=33)、盐酸苄达明组(n=33),自海拔1 400 m,历时5 d进入5 200 m高原.从出发前5 d开始分别服用盐酸苄达明片、复方红景天胶囊、复方党参胶囊和安慰剂胶囊,定期测试其血氧饱和度(SaO2)和心率(HR),并以军用卫生标准GJB1098-91<急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则>随访记录受试者急性高原反应症状,然后分度评分;进入高原后第7天进行高原习服基础生理指标测定,进行药效评价.结果 盐酸苄达明对全程试验期内受试者高原缺氧所致头痛和呕吐的预防效果显著优于安慰剂,且对头痛症状的预防效果优于复方红景天与复方党参.盐酸苄达明组受试者急性高原反应GJB评分,进入海拔5 200 m高原第3、5天SaO2、心率,高原习服基础生理指标等均显著优于安慰剂组.结论 非甾体类抗炎药物盐酸苄达明防治急性高原病效果显著.     

进藏青年在3658m与5374m SaO2、Pulse对照研究

目的了解进藏青年在不同海拔高度环境中的脉率(Pulse)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)的变化.方法采用韩国产脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪(Pulse.OXIETER-MP110)对同一组人员在不同高度进行追踪监测.结果于3658m的高度监测得Pulse(80.530±9.062)次/min,SaO2(89.800±2.500)%;于5374m测得Pulse(98.00±16.670)次/min,SaO2(80.200±3.514)%.结论从拉萨3658m的高度进入5374m的高原环境3周后,SaO2测值明显低于3658m的测值高原5374m的Pulse测值明显高于平原,测值自身对照差异显著P＜0.01.高原5374mSaO2的异常降低并低于正常值.     

一种便携式高原增压头盔的研制及其防治急性高原病效果的初步研究

目的 基于增压原理研制一种便携式高原增压头盔,并探讨其防治急性高原病的效果.方法 设计、研制的便携式高原增压头盔由加压泵、压力传感器、头罩、颈圈、安全阀、呼吸嘴、反馈回路等部分组成,可通过电动或手动加压方式增加头罩内气压,同时通过压力传感器、安全阀和反馈回路控制等措施确保头罩内气压在预设范围内.在大型低压舱模拟不同海拔高度(3 500、5 000 m)高原环境下,观察健康青年男性志愿者佩戴头盔(头罩内气压范围分别为0.4 ～1.0、0.4 ～1.4、0.4～1.6 kPa)过程中,血氧饱和度(percutaneous oxygen saturation,SpO2)和心率(heart rate,HR)的变化.进而在海拔3 650 m高原现场,选择急性高原反应患者按随机数字表简单随机化分为对照组和头盔干预组,观察应用该头盔(头盔内气压为0.4 ～1.4 kPa)对急性高原反应患者的SpO2 HR和急性高原反应症状评分的影响.结果 在模拟海拔3 500、5 000 m高原环境中,使用头盔可明显提高SpO2、降低HR.在高原现场,与对照组比较,使用头盔可提高急性高原反应患者的SpO2,降低患者的HR和急性高原反应症状评分(P＜0.05).结论 研制的高原增压头盔携带使用方便,可显著提高血氧饱和度,降低心率,适用于改善高原缺氧和防治急性高原病.     

高压氧治疗高原急性肺水肿对肺动脉平均压的影响

目的探讨高压氧治疗高原急性肺水肿对肺动脉平均压的影响。方法对来自海拔4 600~4 800 m的38例高原急性肺水肿病人分为高压氧加常规治疗组22例,常规治疗组16例,分别于治疗前、后用彩色多普勒超声心动图测定肺动脉平均压。统计学处理采用成组设计的两样本均数比较t检验。结果22例高压氧加常规治疗组平均肺动脉压(MPAP)由治疗前的(68.6±17.5)mmHg降至(47.8±5.72)mmHg,16例常规治疗组治疗前(69.7±18.9)mmHg降至治疗后(5 4.9±4.9 3)mm Hg,2组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。结论肺动脉高压是导致高原急性肺水肿的重要因素,高压氧对肺动脉平均压有显著的降低作用,故治疗高原急性肺水肿,高压氧加常规治疗优于单纯常规治疗。     

基于血液学参数的急性高原反应潜在预测指标的筛查分析

目的 急性高原反应(AMS)的发病机制目前仍不清楚,本研究拟通过持续记录平原汉族人群在高原暴露后生理参数的变化,筛选出AMS和高原习服良好人员之间的差异性预测指标。方法 招募健康平原汉族人员46例建立研究队列,于平原(海拔500 m, CQ)、到达高原(海拔3 650 m)第2天(LS₁)、第23天(LS₂)、第44天(LS₃)、第65天(LS₄)分别检测其基本生理和血液学参数,并根据到达高原第2天的2018版路易斯湖急性高山病评分系统(LLS)量表评分分为AMS组和非AMS组,分析组间参数差异和持续变化。结果 AMS组和非AMS组在任何时间点上,血氧饱和度(SpO₂)、心率(HR)、血压(BP)、红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(HCT)等基本生理参数组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),血生化参数中仅清蛋白在到达高原第2天和第44天组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且ALB升高与AMS发病率下降明显相关(OR=0.676,95%CI:0.5...     

拉萨与那曲地区藏族青少年胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ与碱性磷酸酶的研究

目的探讨在不同海拔的高原环境下,拉萨与那曲地区藏族青少年血清胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-1)与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的特点及其差异。方法选取12~18岁世居拉萨和那曲地区的健康藏族青少年各336名,测定血清IGF-1与ALP的水平。结果拉萨组男性血清IGF-1高峰出现在14岁值为(327.50±58.26)μg/L,女性则在13岁值最高为(297.45±41.89)μg/L;那曲组男、女性IGF-1高峰年龄均较拉萨提前1年,峰值分别为(284.07±53.72)μg/L,(271.90±24.09)μg/L。高峰期后,两组随年龄增长,血清IGF-1水平均下降(P<0.05),同年龄同性比较,拉萨组血清IGF-1水平显著高于那曲组(P<0.05)。两地血清ALP变化趋势均与IGF-1相似。结论拉萨与那曲地区藏族青少年男、女性血清IGF-1、ALP水平均与年龄相关,两个海拔地区其规律有一定的差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.