应用体外膜肺氧合治疗心脏术后低心排的观察与护理

总结体外循环心脏手术后并发低心排的患者应用体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)支持治疗的经验和护理要点.回顾分析10例患者在体外循环心脏手术后并发低心排应用ECMO救治时的护理措施,通过实施严格的病房管理、严密的血流动力学及灌注流量的监测、严防并发症的发生等一系列护理措施.10例病例ECMO辅助时间4～124.5 h,平均38 h,其中8例顺利撤离ECMO,1例死亡,1例放弃治疗.对于体外循环心脏术后并发低心排的患者应用ECMO支持为患者提供最快的心肺功能支持,也为抢救赢得了时机,严密的监测和有效的护理是保证ECMO治疗成功的关键.     

5例儿童心脏移植术后应用ECMO辅助的护理

目的总结5例终末期心脏病儿童心脏移植术后应用ECMO辅助的护理要点。方法探讨我科5例儿童心脏移植术后行ECMO治疗情况,重点分析其术后出现的护理问题及相关护理措施。结果 5例患儿均成功撤除ECMO,顺利脱离呼吸机辅助,安全转出ICU。结论儿童心脏移植患者应用ECMO期间,加强患儿ECMO管道的安全固定与护理,正确血管活性药物的使用,加强呼吸系统管理,预防低氧血症,及时处理出血、感染等并发症,对促进患儿疾病康复具有重要作用。     

肺移植术后体外膜肺氧合支持病人护理方案的制订及实施

[目的]总结体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)支持病人护理方案在肺移植术后病人中的应用经验。[方法]根据2例肺移植术后转入重症监护室(ICU)后的指尖血氧、动脉血氧分压、氧合指数、ECMO参数、体位、足背动脉搏动情况及24 h后所监测的激活全血凝固时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间进行综合分析,制订专业化、精细化的护理方案。[结果]2例在ICU住院期间未发生管道反折、出血、感染、脱出、堵管等并发症,ECMO管道按计划撤除。2例成功撤除ECMO、拔除人工气道,病情明显好转后转入胸外科病房继续治疗。[结论]在肺移植术后ECMO支持病人的护理方案中,镇静、镇痛是基础,ECMO运转过程的观察与护理是保障,活化凝血时间(ACT)或部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的监测是最后防线。     

心脏移植术后右心功能不全的观察及护理

目的 总结同种异体原位心脏移植术后右心功能不全的护理经验.方法 对2007年1月至2010年12月开展的67例心脏移植手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 58例患者临床治愈出院,死亡9例.67例受者术后早期均出现不同程度的中心静脉压(CVP)升高,右心功能不全,应用体外膜肺(ECMO)辅助治疗28例,应用连续性肾脏替代疗法(CRRT)治疗6例.治愈的58例患者出院时心功能Ⅱ级54例,Ⅲ级4例.结论 通过对心脏移植术后患者早期加强监护,密切观察右心功能不全症状,提供有效的护理支持,积极防治右心衰竭,维护重要脏器功能是心脏移植成功的关键.     

体外膜肺氧合在小儿心脏术后急性心肺功能衰竭中的应用

目的 回顾性总结分析阜外医院45例小儿体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)支持治疗心脏术后急性心肺功能衰竭的临床结果和经验.方法 2004-12～2009-12对45例小儿先天性心脏病术后急性心肺功能衰竭实施ECMO,所有患儿均行静脉-动脉ECMO(V-A ECMO)辅助方式,激活凝血时间(ACT)维持140～200 s,肝素用量4～20 U/(kg*h).辅助期间流量40～150 mL/(kg*min).结果 22例患儿成功撤离ECMO,撤机率48.9%;20例患者出院,出院率44.4%.2例成功撤离ECMO后死亡,23例不能撤离ECMO,终止治疗,院内死亡.出院患儿ECMO支持时间(64.21±14.36)h(16～268 h),死亡患儿ECMO支持时间(109.88±21.98)h(25～308 h),差异有统计学意义(P=0.05);出院组年龄、体质量与死亡组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);肾功能不全、感染及氧合器渗漏的患儿死亡率显著上升.至2010-03-31出院患儿通过电话随访到18例,随访率90.0%;1例出院后1 d死亡,1例出院后57 d死亡;余16例患儿存活,生长发育正常,学龄儿童与同龄正常儿童学习成绩比较差异无统计学意义.结论 ECMO支持治疗在小儿先天性心脏病术后急性心肺功能衰竭的治疗中是一种有效的机械辅助方法,手术畸形矫正满意.尽早对心肺衰竭患儿采用ECMO支持治疗,避免重要脏器的不可逆损伤是ECMO成功的关键.低龄、低体重、长时间ECMO支持是死亡的危险因素.     

标准化流程干预用于OPCAB术后心肺功能衰竭行ECMO支持患者的护理价值

目的 探讨标准化流程干预对于非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后心肺功能衰竭行体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)支持患者的护理价值。方法 选取2019年5月至2022年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院就诊的90例OPCAB术后心肺功能衰竭行ECMO支持患者为观察对象,采用分层随机化法分为观察组和对照组,各45例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组给予标准化流程干预。比较两组ICU时间、ICU费用、ECMO辅助时间、住院时间,对比两组干预前、干预1个月后心脏功能[欧洲心脏手术风险评估系统(EuroScore)评分]、呼吸情况[呼吸困难评分量表(DECAF)评分],记录两组并发症以及存活率。结果 观察组ICU时间、住院时间和ICU费用均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后1个月,两组EuroScore、DECAF评分均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P=0.035),两组存活率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 标准化流程干预用于OPCAB术后心肺功能衰竭行ECMO支持患者,可有效缩短ICU及住院时间,减少并发症发生。     

体外膜肺氧合辅助肺移植术治疗对终末期肺病患者预后的影响及相关因素分析

目的 探讨体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)辅助肺移植术治疗对终末期肺病患者预后的影响及相关因素。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月至2022年6月我院开展的87例ECMO辅助肺移植术治疗的终末期肺病患者,其中44例行静脉-动脉(V-A)转流为VA-ECMO组,43例行静脉-静脉(V-V)转流为VV-ECMO组,比较两组患者临床资料、手术相关指标、术后并发症及预后,分析影响终末期肺病患者预后的危险因素。结果 VA-ECMO组平均肺动脉压及重度动脉压占比显著高于VV-ECMO组(P<0.05);手术时间显著高于VV-ECMO组,ECMO流转时间显著低于VV-ECMO组(P<0.05);两组术后PGD率、术后72 h内休克率、再次气管插管或气管切开率、术后6个月生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肺动脉压、ECMO转流时间、术后PGD、再次气管插管或气管切开是影响终末期肺病患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 ECMO辅助肺移植术治疗终末期肺病采用V-A转流和V-V转流患者短期预后比较无显著性差异,而肺动脉压、ECMO转流时间、术...     

心脏骤停患者应用体外膜肺氧合辅助心肺复苏的护理

目的：总结心脏骤停应用体外膜肺氧合辅助心肺复苏( Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscita-tion, ECPR)的护理经验。方法回顾分析2011年1月1日至2015年12月31日,47例成人心脏手术后患者因心脏骤停常规心肺复苏( Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, CPR)10 min无法恢复自主循环,接受体外膜肺氧合( Ex-tracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, ECMO)紧急生命支持的资料,其中男35例,女12例,年龄42~76岁,平均(60±8)岁。结果29例(61.7％)患者成功撤离ECMO 辅助,其中20例(42.6％)存活出院。 CPR 时间15~485 min(中位时间95 min),ECMO辅助后全部患者均恢复自主心律,ECMO辅助时间9~224 h(中位时间95 h), ICU停留时间0.8~20 d(中位时间7 d),随着CPR时间的延长,心脏骤停患者ECPR存活率逐渐降低。结论ECMO可提供紧急循环及呼吸支持,可挽救部分常规CPR复苏困难的患者生命。 ECMO专业护理人员是ECMO小组中重要的组成部分,对ECMO的维护和正常运转起重要作用,专业的护理对于提高脱机率和患者生存率非常重要。     

体外膜肺氧合在心肺脑复苏中的应用

目的 探讨体外膜肺氧合(extlacorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)在心脏骤停患者中的治疗作用及应用价值.方法 回顾分析2002年6月至2007年6月期间,本院急诊和重症监护室应用体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)治疗的心脏骤停15例患者,按照美国心脏学会<2005年心肺复苏和心血管急救国际指南>的标准诊治方案进行救治,同时行体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)治疗.采用治疗前后自身对照的方法,监测ECMO治疗前、ECMO治疗后10 min、1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h,患者的心率、平均动脉压、中心静脉压(eve);并抽取桡动脉血检测动脉血氧分压、二氧化碳分压、血氧饱和度、酸碱度、动脉血乳酸含量等指标;统计数据以((x)±s)表示,采用SPSS 10.0统计软件包进行t检验,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义;同时就患者的神经性后遗症进行了观察和描述.结果 平均动脉压在ECMO治疗后10min比ECMO治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),ECMO治疗后1 h比ECMO治疗后10 min有所升高(P<0.05);CVP在ECMO治疗后10 min比ECMO治疗前,ECMO治疗后1 h比ECMO治疗后10 min有所降低(P<0.05);经ECMO治疗后10 min动脉血氧分压、血氧饱和度较ECMO治疗前明显上升(P<0.01),pH明显升高(P<0.01),动脉血乳酸含量明显降低(P<0.01).15例患者中,11例康复出院,其中5例完全康复,没有后遗症,2例有部分记忆障碍,无躯体后遗症;2例有精神障碍,2例有肢体偏瘫.结论 ECMO治疗可辅助心脏维持有效的血液循环,明显改善低氧血症,为大脑提供稳定的氧合血灌流,对心肺脑复苏有利.     

体外膜肺氧合辅助肺移植手术的护理配合

目的探讨体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)辅助肺移植手术的护理配合措施。方法回顾总结45例终末期肺病伴肺动脉高压的患者在ECMO辅助转流下行肺移植术的手术配合措施。结果所有患者手术过程顺利,41例术毕24 h内顺利撤除ECMO,另4例术后继续使用ECMO支持。结论 ECMO是肺移植围术期支持的有效手段,可提高肺移植手术的成功率,手术室护士正确、熟练、高质量的手术配合对手术成功起着重要作用。     

Therapeutic plasma exchange performed in parallel with extra corporeal membrane oxygenation for antibody mediated rejection after heart transplantation

We report on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of performing therapeutic plasmapheresis (TPE) in parallel with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to alleviate antibody mediated rejection (AMR) after heart transplantation. Two pediatric and one adult patient presented with severe congestive heart failure and respiratory distress after heart transplantation and required ECMO support. TPE was initiated to treat AMR while patients remained on ECMO. Each patient received three to five procedures either every day or every other day. One equivalent total plasma volume (TPV) was processed for each procedure (patient TPV + ECMO extracorporeal TPV). A total of 13 TPE procedures were performed with 12 procedures completed without complications or adverse events; one procedure was terminated before completion because of cardiac arrhythmia. Anti-HLA antibody titers decreased after TPE in all three patients. Ventricular function improved and ECMO was discontinued in 2 of 3 patients. Performing large volume TPE with a processed volume up to 2.5 times the patient's TPV is well tolerated in both pediatric (< or = 10 kg) and adult patients. TPE in parallel with ECMO is feasible, safe, and may be measurably effective at reducing anti-HLA antibodies and should be considered as part of the treatment for patients with early AMR after heart transplantation.     

体外膜肺支持下肺移植的护理

目的探讨应用体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）支持下肺移植的护理方案,提高肺移植的成功率。方法总结29例在ECOM支持下进行肺移植患者护理经验。结果所有患者ECMO撤除2h后,供氧良好,没有发生与ECMO有关的严重并发症;15例术后即刻撤除ECMO支持。结论针对性护理方案能及时发现并处理ECMO支持下肺移植术后出现的问题,可以满足ECMO支持下肺移植术的护理需要。     

Extracorporeal life support devices and strategies for management of acute cardiorespiratory failure in adult patients: a comprehensive review

Evolution of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) technology has added a new dimension to the intensive care management of acute cardiac and/or respiratory failure in adult patients who fail conventional treatment. ECLS also complements cardiac surgical and cardiology procedures, implantation of long-term mechanical cardiac assist devices, heart and lung transplantation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Available ECLS therapies provide a range of options to the multidisciplinary teams who are involved in the time-critical care of these complex patients. While venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide complete respiratory support, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal facilitates protective lung ventilation and provides only partial respiratory support. Mechanical circulatory support with venoarterial (VA) ECMO employed in a traditional central/peripheral fashion or in a temporary ventricular assist device configuration may stabilise patients with decompensated cardiac failure who have evidence of end-organ dysfunction, allowing time for recovery, decision-making, and bridging to implantation of a long-term mechanical circulatory support device and occasionally heart transplantation. In highly selected patients with combined severe cardiac and respiratory failure, advanced ECLS can be provided with central VA ECMO, peripheral VA ECMO with timely transition to venovenous ECMO or VA-venous ECMO upon myocardial recovery to avoid upper body hypoxia or by addition of an oxygenator to the temporary ventricular assist device circuit. This article summarises the available ECLS options and provides insights into the principles and practice of these techniques. One should emphasise that, as is common with many emerging therapies, their optimal use is currently not backed by quality evidence. This deficiency needs to be addressed to ensure that the full potential of ECLS can be achieved.     

1例双肺序贯移植术后应用体外膜肺氧合技术的护理

目的总结1例同种异体双肺序贯移植术后应用体外膜肺氧合技术(ECMO)应用的护理经验。方法对1例32岁男性患者施行双肺序贯移植术,手术中因血流动力学不稳定紧急建立体外循环(CPB),并在术后转为体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)。结果术后7d中患者在ECMO支持下可以维持较理想的实验室检查结果,但终因左主支气管吻合口瘘和多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)于术后第9天死亡。结论ECMO作为肺移植术后呼吸支持,可以较好地控制移植后双肺的再灌注,有效改善术后肺功能。     

心脏移植术后原发性移植物衰竭行机械辅助治疗患者的护理

目的:分析及探讨机械辅助治疗在边缘心脏移植患者术后的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析长海医院2017年3月至2019年9月74例心脏移植患者的临床资料,所有患者均在术中行食道超声(TEE)检查发现移植物功能衰竭(表现为右心室功能障碍有5例,双心室功能障碍有9例),故在术中体外循环停机前给予机械辅助支持,其中ECMO辅助2例,...     

体外膜肺氧合在成人心脏手术术后心力衰竭治疗中的应用

目的:观察体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)对成人心脏手术术后心力衰竭患者的治疗效果,探讨在此类患者应用ECMO的适应证。方法:自2006年11月—2007年1月,对3例成人心脏术后心力衰竭的患者进行ECMO支持治疗,均采用股动-静脉插管。ECMO期间维持血流动力学和呼吸指标稳定。结果:ECMO时间平均102.3h。3例患者心功能改善、均顺利脱机。1例康复出院,1例脱机31d后因严重肺部感染死亡,1例脱机5d后因心律失常死亡。结论:ECMO是治疗成人心脏术后心功能衰竭的有效方法,但需正确掌握适应证,合理选择患者。     

Risk factors for mortality in 137 pediatric cardiac intensive care unit patients managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with mortality in children with heart disease managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care university-affiliated children's hospital. PATIENTS: All pediatric cardiac intensive care unit patients managed with ECMO between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 2001. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: During the study period, 137 patients were managed with ECMO in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Of the 137 patients, 80 (58%) survived > or =24 hrs after decannulation, and 53 (39%) survived to hospital discharge. Patients managed with ECMO following cardiac surgery were analyzed separately from patients not in the postoperative period. Factors associated with an increased probability of mortality in the postoperative patients were age <1 month, male gender, longer duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO, and development of renal or hepatic dysfunction while on ECMO. Single ventricle physiology and failure to separate from cardiopulmonary bypass were not associated with an increased risk of mortality. Cardiac physiology and indication for ECMO were not associated with mortality rate. Although longer duration of ECMO was not associated with increased mortality risk, patients with longer duration of ECMO were less likely to survive without heart transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: In a series of 137 patients managed with ECMO in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, survival to hospital discharge was 39%. In postoperative patients only, mortality risk was increased in males, patients <1 month old, patients with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation before initiation of ECMO, and patients who developed renal or hepatic failure while on ECMO.     

Anticipatory use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a high-risk interventional cardiac procedure

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has become a valuable technique in the critical care of children with congenital heart disease who require mechanical cardiorespiratory support. The use of VA ECMO in cardiac patients has expanded from an extension of intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass and now includes rescue therapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, temporary circulatory support for reversible heart failure, and bridge support preceding heart or heart/lung transplantation. In the majority of clinical applications VA ECMO is used in reaction to impending or ongoing cardiorespiratory failure and not in anticipation of an induced change in clinical status. We describe the anticipatory use of VA ECMO to prepare a patient with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease for a high-risk interventional cardiac catheterization. A 2.5 kg neonate with severe Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve and recurrent episodes of life-threatening supraventricular tachycardia was electively cannulated for VA ECMO in the cardiac intensive care unit. She underwent successful electrophysiologic mapping and transcatheter radiofrequency ablation of an accessory conduction pathway, resulting in termination of the tachycardia. Following an uncomplicated ECMO course she was decannulated in the cardiac intensive care unit and subsequently discharged home in stable condition. The case illustrates the proactive use of ECMO during a procedure in which severe hemodynamic instability could be predicted. We discuss this concept of ECMO use in the context of accepted indications for ECMO in cardiac patients and encourage an expanded role for its use to prevent cardiorespiratory collapse in planned interventions on compromised patients who are at risk of acute deterioration.     

Intramural anomalous left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

We report the case of a 14-month-old girl with a wide complex dysrhythmia and cardiogenic shock due to abnormal coronary anatomy. She was kept alive for 20 days by full cardiocirculatory support, using venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). While she was on VA ECMO, a diagnosis was made of extensive myocardial infarction and an anomalous left main coronary artery. The patient was listed for heart transplantation and received a donor heart 20 days after beginning VA ECMO. We discuss the unusual presentation and course of the coronary arteries and the use of VA ECMO to support this patient before heart transplantation.