beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist suppresses renal tumour necrosis factor and enhances interleukin-6 gene expression induced by endotoxin.

BACKGROUND: beta(2)-Adrenoceptor activation regulates tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in cultured renal cells. However, it remains uncertain whether, in vivo, the administration of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists regulate renal TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to cause endotoxaemia. This study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist on renal TNF-alpha and IL-6 production. METHODS: Four-week-old Wistar rats pre-treated with the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline or formoterol, and/or the beta- and beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists (propanolol, ICI118,551), were injected with LPS (1 mg i.p.), and then 2, 4 or 6 h later, kidneys (cortex, medulla), spleen, thymus and plasma were collected to assay TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA levels and their respective protein release. RESULTS: Administration of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists suppressed TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the whole kidney, by 61% (P<0.05), as well as plasma, spleen and thymus TNF-alpha protein and mRNA expression 2 hours after injection of LPS. On the other hand, although IL-6 levels in plasma, spleen and thymus mRNA expression were suppressed significantly by administration of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, the basal- and LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA levels in the whole kidney were increased 1.6- and 1.2-fold (P<0.05), respectively, by treatment with beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists. beta(2)-Adrenoceptor agonist suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression by 35% (P<0.05) and stimulated LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA expression by 1.5-fold (P<0.05) in the medullary region of kidney. CONCLUSIONS: beta(2)-Adrenoceptor agonists down-regulate renal TNF-alpha mRNA expression following LPS-induced endotoxaemia. This effect was particularly apparent in the renal medulla. IL-6 mRNA expression in the renal medulla was up-regulated by the agonists whereas plasma, spleen and thymus IL-6 levels were completely inhibited by the agonist, which suggests the existence of tissue specific regulation of IL-6 production in the kidney by beta(2)-adrenoceptor activation.