东莞地区1782例儿童活检病理分析

目的了解各种疾病在东莞地区儿童中的发病特点和规律。方法统计近5年来经病理检查证实1782例儿童活检病例,分析其性别、年龄、病理类型（先天性畸形、炎性反应性疾病、瘤样病变、良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤）等发病特点。结果炎性反应性疾病占首位（44.61%）,瘤样病变占第2位（25.03%）,良性肿瘤占第3位（23.34%）,先天性畸形占第4位（5.22%）,恶性肿瘤占第5位（1.80%）。在炎性反应性疾病中以阑尾炎、慢性扁桃体炎及结核病多见;瘤样病变中以囊肿性病变及息肉性病变多见;良性肿瘤以脉管性肿瘤、毛母质瘤及骨软骨肿瘤多见;先天性畸形以耳前瘘管、肠憩室及肠重复多见;恶性肿瘤以软组织肉瘤、恶性外周神经肿瘤及霍奇金病多见。结论儿童疾病发生在年龄、性别及病理类型等方面区别于成人,有其自身特点。     

东莞地区1 782例儿童活检病理分析

目的了解各种疾病在东莞地区儿童中的发病特点和规律。方法统计近5年来经病理检查证实1782例儿童活检病例,分析其性别、年龄、病理类型(先天性畸形、炎性反应性疾病、瘤样病变、良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤)等发病特点。结果炎性反应性疾病占首位(44.61%),瘤样病变占第2位(25.03%),良性肿瘤占第3位(23.34%),先天性畸形占第4位(5.22%),恶性肿瘤占第5位(1.80%)。在炎性反应性疾病中以阑尾炎、慢性扁桃体炎及结核病多见;瘤样病变中以囊肿性病变及息肉性病变多见;良性肿瘤以脉管性肿瘤、毛母质瘤及骨软骨肿瘤多见;先天性畸形以耳前瘘管、肠憩室及肠重复多见;恶性肿瘤以软组织肉瘤、恶性外周神经肿瘤及霍奇金病多见。结论儿童疾病发生在年龄、性别及病理类型等方面区别于成人,有其自身特点。     

儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的病原分布特点

目的 了解重庆地区儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的病原分布特点.方法 回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属儿童医院2007年11月至2009年10月收治的203例5岁及以上支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿临床资料.结果 哮喘急性发作患儿肺炎衣原体(CP)检出率为29.6%、肺炎支原体(MP)检出率为22.9%;7种呼吸道病毒检出阳性率为10.2%,其中RSV占4.5%,居病毒检出率首位.哮喘患儿呼吸道感染诱导哮喘的发作窗为(4.2±3.1)d.结论 重庆地区5岁及以上儿童哮喘急性发作与呼吸道病毒、MP、CP感染密切相关,且常见的7种呼吸遭病毒检出率低.     

肿瘤

044 0 66　 2 45 6例住院儿童实体肿瘤特点分析 /赵　强…∥天津医科大学学报 .-2 0 0 4,10(1) .-114～ 116结果 :男女之比 1.1∶ 1;3 16例 (5 3 .5 % )于出生后 4年内发病。病理类型、良性软组织肿瘤占良性肿瘤的 5 2 .6%。胚胎性恶性肿瘤占恶性实体肿瘤的 43 .5 % ;常见的恶性实体肿瘤病儿就诊时多数已达晚期 ;治疗手段采用多学科联合治疗。表 2参 4(原文摘要 )0 44 0 67　脐血移植治疗小儿恶性和非恶性血液疾病的临床研究 /孙　新…∥中国基层医药 .-2 0 0 3 ,10 (6) .-4 84～ 487研究结果 :15例患儿中移植后 14例患儿白细胞达到植活标准…     

闽南地区儿童实体肿瘤单中心研究

目的了解2015—2019年我院儿童实体肿瘤收治情况,为儿童实体肿瘤的防控诊治提供参考依据。方法对2015年1月—2019年12月五年间我院14周岁以下467例新发儿童实体肿瘤患者病历进行统计分析。结果 467例儿童实体肿瘤患者初次就诊科室各异,儿外科共收治205例,占43.9%,其次是儿内科98例,占21.0%;男性238例,女性229例,男女之比为1.04∶1;0～3岁病例数占比最高为52.9%,11～14岁年龄组最低为9.0%;手术/活检率99.1%;病理诊断率100%;良性肿瘤353例,占比75.6%,恶性肿瘤93例,占比19.9%,交界性21例,占比4.5%;良性肿瘤发病顺序为血管瘤、钙化上皮瘤、错构瘤等,恶性肿瘤则为恶性畸胎瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤、中枢神经系统和其他颅内和脊髓内肿瘤、淋巴瘤和网状内皮细胞肿瘤等;恶性肿瘤基因检测率达到31.2%(29/93)。结论儿童实体肿瘤有自己的年龄及种类特点,发病率不容小觑,随着诊断技术的进步和治疗手段的改善,我们更需加强多学科合作使儿童实体肿瘤的防控得到进一步的落实。     

儿童甲状腺肿瘤的临床特征及诊治体会

目的：探讨儿童甲状腺肿瘤的临床特征及诊断与治疗。方法：回顾性分析2002年1月至2010年12月中南大学湘雅医院经手术治疗的32例甲状腺肿瘤患儿的临床资料。结果：32例患儿中,女性23例,男性9例。经病理证实良性肿瘤6例,恶性26例。良性病例均诊断为腺瘤性结节性甲状腺肿,恶性均为甲状腺乳头状癌。B超对甲状腺恶性肿瘤的诊断率高达100%。14例患儿合并桥本氏甲状腺炎（44%）。22例患儿伴有同侧颈淋巴结转移（69%）。年龄在10岁以下者发生颈部淋巴结转移的比例较10岁以上者高（94% vs 56%,P＜0.05）。32例患儿均接受手术治疗。对6例良性病变患儿实施肿块侧腺叶次全切除术;对26例恶性病变患儿根据肿瘤不同进展阶段实施双侧甲状腺全切（17例）或患侧甲状腺全切（9例）。经随访3个月至9年,无复发、死亡病例,患儿生长发育正常。结论：儿童甲状腺肿瘤女性多见,恶性病变比例高;常合并桥本氏甲状腺炎;年龄在10岁以下者易发生局部淋巴结转移。手术是治疗甲状腺肿瘤的有效方法。     

儿童脾脏肿瘤的临床特点及预后分析

目的探讨儿童脾脏肿瘤的临床特点、治疗策略及预后。方法回顾性分析湖南省儿童医院普外科2010年1月至2019年12月收治的24例脾脏肿瘤患儿的临床资料,其中男童14例,女童10例;中位年龄7岁2个月。结果24例中良性肿瘤20例,恶性肿瘤4例。20例良性肿瘤中行脾脏切除及大网膜自体脾片移植术4例,行腹腔镜下脾脏部分切除术8例,行开腹脾脏切除术4例,行脾脏囊肿开窗引流+囊肿去顶毁底术1例,脾脏血管瘤行介入栓塞治疗3例;4例脾脏恶性肿瘤均行手术和化疗治疗,手术方式为脾脏切除、转移病灶切除联合脾门淋巴结清扫及输液港植入(3例)以备术后化疗。脾脏良性肿瘤随访至今预后良好;脾脏恶性肿瘤随访时间最长至2019年6月(1例患儿已存活6年),3例存活,除1例术后5个月内复发死亡以外,其他患儿未出现术后复发、血管栓塞、脾脏切除术后凶险性感染(over-whelming post splenectomy infection,OPSI)等情况。结论儿童脾脏良性肿瘤治疗方式以腹腔镜手术为主,或脾脏切除联合大网膜自体脾片移植以保留脾脏自身免疫功能;脾脏恶性肿瘤则行开腹根治性手术及化疗。良性肿瘤预后良好,而恶性肿瘤预后相对较差,早诊断、根治手术及辅助放化疗的综合治疗是改善脾脏恶性肿瘤预后的重要手段。     

单中心2009至2011年住院患儿中实体肿瘤状况分析

目的 分析儿童实体肿瘤的原发部位和病理类型,为儿童实体肿瘤的诊治提供帮助。方法 回顾性收集2009年1月至2011年12月经手术/病理活检确诊的实体肿瘤患儿,采集肿瘤原发部位、病理类型和组织起源等资料,分为0～1、~4、～7、～10和～14岁组进行分析。结果 983例实体肿瘤患儿进入分析,其中良性肿瘤721例（73.3%）,恶性肿瘤262例;男548例（55.7%）,女435例;发病年龄8 d至14岁,中位年龄4岁。①721例良性肿瘤中,以脉管瘤（233例,32.3％）、钙化上皮瘤（161例,22.3％）、软骨瘤（68例,9.4％）、纤维瘤（67例,9.3％）和成熟畸胎瘤（66例,9.2％）多见。262例恶性肿瘤中,以神经母细胞瘤（44例,16.8％）、恶性淋巴瘤（34例,13.0％)和肾母细胞瘤（33例,12.6％)多见。②良性肿瘤好发于皮肤及软组织（324例,44.9％）、头面颈部（220例,30.5％）和骨骼（86例,11.9％）。恶性肿瘤好发于腹腔（96例,36.6%）、颅内（51例,19.5％）和头面颈部（33例,12.6％）。③恶性肿瘤以胚胎源性肿瘤最多见（171例,65.3％）,其次为含类似组织成分的肿瘤（57例,21.8％）和淋巴源性肿瘤（34例,13.0％）。④良性肿瘤中,脉管瘤、钙化上皮瘤和纤维瘤主要分布于~4岁组。恶性肿瘤中,神经母细胞瘤和肾母细胞瘤在0～1岁和～4岁组累计构成比分别为84.1％和81.9％,恶性淋巴瘤在4岁以上组累计构成比为71.6％。⑤巨大恶性肿瘤29例（11.1%）,其中24/29例（82.8%）年龄<4岁,腹腔为最常见原发部位（26例,89.7%）。结论 良性肿瘤是儿童实体肿瘤的主要构成。儿童恶性肿瘤好发于腹腔,组织来源以胚胎源性肿瘤为主。神经母细胞瘤及肾母细胞瘤可能是<4岁儿童腹腔巨大恶性肿瘤的主要病理类型。     

婴儿腹腔实体肿瘤临床病理与预后分析

目的探讨婴儿腹腔实体肿瘤的临床病理与预后的关系。方法回顾上海儿童医学中心1998年4月-2007年2月及上海新华医院2001年1月-2007年2月住院的52例1d～1岁腹部肿瘤患儿临床资料。患儿病史资料通过病史采集方式获得。病理类型通过复查病理切片和病理报告核对。随访采用电话和信访方式及患儿来院复诊记录。随访时间5个月～8a。结果52例中年龄1d～1个月7例,≥1个月～1岁45例。其中畸胎瘤23例(44.23%),神经母细胞瘤9例(17.31%),肾母细胞瘤6例(11.54%),肝母细胞瘤5例(9.62%),肝血管内皮瘤、先天性中胚层肾瘤各3例(5.77%),胰头梭形细胞血管内皮瘤、肝错构瘤、后腹膜小细胞恶性肿瘤各1例(1.92%)。良性肿瘤:恶性肿瘤=1:1,良性肿瘤中男:女=1:1,恶性肿瘤中男:女=2.33:1.0。患儿均手术切除肿瘤,恶性肿瘤辅以化疗。良性肿瘤均无复发;恶性肿瘤中复发或转移2例,其中1例死亡。失访4例。结论婴儿腹腔实体肿瘤以畸胎瘤和神经母细胞瘤居多。良性肿瘤数量与恶性肿瘤相当。良性发病无性别差异,手术切除后预后良好。恶性肿瘤中,男性比例显著高于女性,完整手术切除配合术后化疗,复发少,病死率低。早期诊断和治疗对其预后至关重要。     

小儿肝肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗

近１０多年来由于影像学检查手段的进步，小儿肝肿瘤确诊日渐增多。为提高小儿肝肿瘤的诊断与治疗水平，我们总结了１９８４～１９９７年收治的２６例小儿肝肿瘤资料，现报告如下。临床资料性别与年龄：本组男１８例，女８例，男∶女为２．２５∶１，年龄最小５４天，最大８岁，平均年龄３．５岁。诊断：患儿多因上腹部不适，隐痛，在Ｂ超体检时无意发现，或以上腹部逐渐膨胀及上腹包块就诊，２例患儿伴有消瘦、食少、发热。肝良性肿瘤患儿ＡＦＰ测定值正常，６例肝恶性肿瘤患儿ＡＦＰ均高于正常值２０μｇ／Ｌ，定位诊断依靠Ｂ超及ＣＴ扫描…     

Soft tissue tumors in first year of life: a report of 190 cases

A comprehensive review of soft tissue tumors in children and adolescents disclosed the presence of 190 neoplasms in 183 patients, which were diagnosed in infants between birth and 12 months of age; these infants represented approximately 20% of our entire pediatric soft tissue tumor series. In excess of 75% of cases were pathologically benign with the hemangioendothelioma, lymphangioma, and fibromatosis-myofibromatosis constituting the majority of cases in this category. Fibrous histiocytoma and lipoblastoma were the other two benign entities. Congenital-infantile fibrosarcoma was considered a borderline tumor because of its infrequently manifested potential for metastasis; none of the 13 cases in the present study behaved in a malignant fashion. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor were the two principal types (17 of 27 cases) of malignant soft tissue tumors. In contrast to soft tissue tumors in the first two decades, those in the first year of life were more often benign despite their cellularity and presence of mitotic activity. Fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors were more frequent in this young age group, whereas neurogenic and myogenic tumors were relatively more common in children older than 1 year of age. The trunk and head and neck region were the preferred topographic sites rather than the extremities, which was the case in children beyond the first year of life.     

Soft Tissue Tumors in First Year of Life: A Report of 190 Cases

A comprehensive review of soft tissue tumors in children and adolescents disclosed the presence of 190 neoplasms in 183 patients, which were diagnosed in infants between birth and 12 months of age; these infants represented approximately 20% of our entire pediatric soft tissue tumor series. In excess of 75% of cases were pathologically benign with the hemangioendothelioma, lymphangioma, and fibromatosis-myofibromatosis constituting the majority of cases in this category. Fibrous histiocytoma and lipoblastoma were the other two benign entities. Congenital-infantile fibrosarcoma was considered a borderline tumor because of its infrequently manifested potential for metastasis; none of the 13 cases in the present study behaved in a malignant fashion. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor were the two principal types (17 of 27 cases) of malignant soft tissue tumors. In contrast to soft tissue tumors in the first two decades, those in the first year of life were more often benign despite their cellularity and presence of mitotic activity. Fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors were more frequent in this young age group, whereas neurogenic and myogenic tumors were relatively more common in children older than 1 year of age. The trunk and head and neck region were the preferred topographic sites rather than the extremities, which was the case in children beyond the first year of life.     

Malignant tumors in children of northeastern Zaire. A comparison of distribution patterns

In an effort to better understand the epidemiology of cancer in Zaire, a retrospective review of biopsy-proven malignant tumors was undertaken. Of 188 biopsies taken from children aged 0-15 years over a 4.5 year period, 73 (39%) revealed malignancy. Fifty-six percent of patients with malignant tumors were boys. Lymphoma was the most common tumor (28 patients, 15 with Burkitt's Lymphoma). Sarcoma (15 patients), carcinoma (8 patients), Wilms' Tumor (6 patients), and retinoblastoma (5 patients) were also seen. Lymphomas were most heavily represented in the first 5 years of life, while sarcoma and carcinoma accounted for most of the malignancies in children after 10 years of age. Lymphomas and sarcomas are relatively more common in Zaire than in North America and Europe, while leukemia and central nervous system tumors are notably less common in Zaire. In view of current limitations on health care in rural Zaire, cancer care should be directed toward early diagnosis, quick referral for appropriate surgical care, and use of the limited arsenal of chemotherapy.     

儿童胰腺肿瘤8例报告

目的 介绍儿童胰腺肿瘤的常见类型,提高对这些疾病的诊断和治疗水平.方法 报告 8 例儿童胰腺肿瘤,男 3 例,女 5 例,年龄2岁至14岁8个月.7 例患儿行手术治疗,其中 1 例良性畸胎瘤;低度恶性者 3 例(囊实瘤 2 例,胰岛细胞瘤 1 例);高度恶性者 3 例(胰母细胞瘤 2 例,胰头癌1 例);未手术 1 例.结果 7 例手术者中良性和低度恶性病例术后随访至今未见复发及不适;3 例高度恶性病例患儿术后均放弃进一步治疗;1 例未手术者6个月后死亡.结论 儿童胰腺肿瘤在临床上相对少见,不同病理类型临床表现不同,治疗方法 各异,预后也相差很大.     

De novo malignances in pediatric organ transplant recipients

A study of 10813 types of cancer that occurred in 10151 organ transplant recipients showed that the pattern of malignancies that occurred in pediatric recipients was very different from the general pediatric population and from adult recipients. Tumors (527) occurred in 512 pediatric patients (aged 18 years or less), and 9639 adults developed 10286 neoplasms. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) was the predominant neoplasm in pediatric recipients and comprised 52% of all tumors compared with 15% in adult recipients. Eighty-four percent of PTLD in the former patients presented during childhood. There was a disproportionately high incidence among nonrenal allograft recipients compared with renal recipients (81% vs. 31% of all tumors). The second most common malignancy in pediatric patients was skin cancer (19% of tumors), but this was less frequent than in adult recipients, in whom it comprised 39% of neoplasms. Only 16 pediatric patients (16%) with skin cancers developed their tumors during childhood (6 had malignant melanomas), with an average time of appearance after transplantation of 126 months (range 5.5-292). Malignant melanomas were more common in pediatric than adult recipients (12% vs. 5% of skin cancers), as were lip cancers (23% vs. 12%). Spread to lymph nodes was also more common in pediatric than in adult recipients (9% vs. 6%). Sarcomas comprised 4% of tumors compared with 1% in adults. Carcinomas of the vulva and perineum also comprised 4% of tumors. Females outnumbered males in a ratio of 8.5:1. These tumors appeared beyond childhood at an average of 142 months (range 42-262 months) post-transplantation. Other cancers observed in recipients transplanted during childhood were thyroid carcinomas (15), Kaposi's sarcomas (15), carcinomas of the liver (13), leukemias (13), carcinomas of the cervix (10), brain tumors (7), renal carcinomas (7), ovarian carcinomas (5), and miscellaneous tumors (19). Of all 527 malignancies, 314 (60%) appeared during childhood and 213 (40%) manifested themselves between the ages of 19 and 40 years. By far the most common tumor diagnosed during childhood was PTLD, which comprised 230 of the 314 (73%) malignancies.     

Solid tumors in Turkish children: a multicenter study

Background

This paper presents a detailed incidence study on childhood solid tumors comprising a histopathology-based documentation of benign and malignant lesions.

Methods

The Ankara Pediatric Pathology Working Group collected databases of pediatric solid tumors from six pediatric reference centers in order to analyze the incidence, distribution and some epidemiologic characteristics of the tumors and to establish a multicenter database for further studies. A five-year retrospective archive search was carried out. Excluding epithelial tumors of the skin, leukemia, lymphoreticular system neoplasias, metastatic tumors, and hamartomas, 1362 solid tumors in 1358 patients were classified according to age, sex, localization, histopathology and clinical behavior.

Results

The male/female ratio was 0.9; 14.8% (201) of the patients belonged to 0-1 year age group, 20.7% (281) to 2–4 years, 25.9% (352) to 5–10 years, 22.2% (301) to 11–14 years, and 16.4% (223) to 15-18 years. Among all tumors, 708 (52.0%) were malignant, 645 (47.4%) benign tumors, 2 (0.1%) borderline tumors, and 2 (0.1%) unknown behavioral tumors. Malignant tumors were found in 50.2% (357) of female patients and in 54.0% (349) of male patients. A balanced distribution between benign and malignant entities among children under 18 years was observed. Comparison between the age groups revealed malignant cases outnumbered benign cases under 4 years of age while benign tumor numbers increased after 10 years of age. The most common entities in the malignant group were of sympathetic nervous system origin, while soft tissue tumors far outnumbered the others in the benign group.

Conclusions

We conclude that the cancer patterns of children in the Ankara region mostly resemble with those of the western population. This study provides useful information on the diagnosis of solid tumors in children and highlights variations in cancer incidence in different age groups.     

Pediatric tumors of the eye and orbit

Most ocular and orbital tumors of childhood are distinct from tumors that occur in adults. Many are congenital with early presentations. Most pediatric orbital tumors are benign; developmental cysts comprise half of orbital cases, with capillary hemangioma being the second most common orbital tumor. The most common orbital malignancy is rhabdomyosarcoma. The most common intraocular malignant lesion is retinoblastoma. Choroidal melanoma, which is common in adults, is extremely rare in children. The orbit is the most common location for metastases in children, whereas the choroid is the predominant site in adults. Pediatricians play a vital role in diagnosis of pediatric ocular tumors. They are the first to recognize ocular problems that may not be apparent to parents. It is therefore important to recognize the signs and symptoms of ocular tumors of childhood so that prompt ophthalmologic evaluation and treatment may be undertaken. Whereas the malignant tumors may be life-threatening, both malignant and benign tumors may be vision-threatening.     

Intracranial tumors in the 1st year of life

The introduction of the new diagnostic tools for neuroimaging has resulted in the early recognition of congenital brain tumors. In the present report we describe 39 children, in whom the diagnosis of an intracranial tumor has been obtained during the first 12 months of life. These patients represent 14.4% of a pediatric population of 271 children with brain tumors, observed in the same period of time (11 years) in the Neurosurgical Institute of the Catholic University of Rome. Most of the tumors were located within the supratentorial compartment. Midline tumors were common. Sixteen children underwent the total removal of the tumor. Four infants could not be operated either because their poor general condition or the extension of the tumor. In one case, treatment was refused by the parents. The remaining children underwent the partial removal of the tumor, which was followed by chemotherapy (malignant tumors) or by serial neuroradiological examination (benign tumors), with the aim of postponing radiotherapy at the end of 2 years of age at least. The total mortality (surgical deaths: 7 cases) and deaths during the follow-up period (11 cases) was 38.5%. Out of the 24 surviving children, 8 (20%) are normal: 7 (17%) exhibit only minimal neurosurgical deficits; 9 (22%) are seriously handicapped. One child has been lost for the follow-up observation.