经旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的应用解剖

对 50例成人下肢标本的旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支的起源、起点、外径、走行、分布以及经这二支血管介入有关的结构进行观测 ,为介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供更接近病变部位及可进行插管的血管。结果表明 ,旋股外侧动脉升支与横支共干起自旋股外侧动脉者占 68% ,升支单独起自旋股外侧动脉占 2 6 % ;旋股内侧动脉深支由旋股内侧动脉主干延续而来。旋股内、外侧动脉深支或升支起点外径分别为 3 0± 0 8mm、 2 8± 0 7mm。从股动脉的起点 ,经股深动脉、旋股外侧动脉至其升支长度为 7 1± 1 1cm ;经股深动脉、旋股内侧动脉至其深支长度为 5 6± 1 4cm。旋股内侧动脉与其深支间约呈 90 。 角 ;旋股外侧动脉与其升支间约呈 1 33。 角。旋股内、外侧动脉深支 (升支 )为营养股骨头和颈的血管 ,这二支血管符合导管插入要求     

股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗的应用解剖

目的：为股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗提供解剖学基础。方法：在５０侧成人尸体上观察了股深动脉的类型，测量了各分支的长度和外径。结果：股深动脉主要从股动脉后方（６０％）和后外侧（２６％）发出，分为深全干型（６０％）、深外干型（２０％）、深内干型（１４％）和深孤独干型（６％）。各主要血管外径为：股深动脉５．７±１．６ｍｍ；旋股内侧动脉３．６±１．０ｍｍ，其升支２．０±０．９ｍｍ；旋股外侧动脉３．７±１．１ｍｍ，其升支２．５±０．８ｍｍ。结论：该项研究为提高股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗的成功率提供了详尽的解剖学依据。     

股深动脉及其分支的应用解剖学观察

在50侧成人尸体上观察股深动脉类型,测量其长度和外径.股深动脉主要从股动脉后方(60%)和后外侧(2 6%)发出;可分为4种主要类型深全干型(60%)、深外干型(20%)、深内干型(14%)和深孤独干型(6%).各主要血管长度和外径分别为股深动脉18.0±8 .7mm,5.7±1.6mm;旋股内侧动脉17.6mm±10.7mm,3.6±1 .0mm;旋股外侧动脉14.8±9.6mm,3.7±1.1mm.研究数据为显微外科学和介入放射学提供解剖学依据.     

股深动脉高位起点一例

股深动脉是股动脉最粗大的分支,通常情况在腹股沟韧带下方(37.40±8.60)mm 处发出[1],起点处在股动脉的外侧壁或后壁,于股内侧肌与内收肌之间下行,其主要分支有旋股外侧动脉,旋股内侧动脉,穿动脉.     

旋股外侧动脉升支阔筋膜张肌支髂骨瓣的解剖学研究及临床意义

目的 :探讨带旋股外侧动脉升支阔筋膜张肌支髂骨瓣的解剖及应用要点。方法 :在 2 5侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上 ,重点观测旋股外侧动脉升支阔筋膜张肌支的走行、分支、发出点和外径等。结果 :旋股外侧动脉升支的阔筋膜张肌支上行支发出点距髂前上棘平面 7.1± 2 .3cm ,外径 1.2± 0 .8mm ,该支又分出 2～ 3支外径在 0 .3mm～ 0 .5mm的小分支从阔筋膜张肌后份进入肌质 ,上行至肌起始处达髂骨 ;其下行支发出点距髂前上棘平面 7.9± 1.8cm ,外径 1.3± 0 .8mm。结论 :旋股外侧动脉升支阔筋膜张肌支髂骨瓣具有手术可行性和实际应用价值     

旋股外侧动脉旋髂浅动脉和旋髂深动脉起始变异1例

笔者在解剖一具成年男性尸体时,发现其右侧旋股外侧动脉、旋髂浅动脉和旋髂深动脉的起始变异,为积累资料和为临床提供参考,现报道如下：1.右旋股外侧动脉起于股动脉,起始处外径3.8 mm,距股深动脉起始处2.42cm发出,发出后行向外侧0.85 cm后继而行向下,分支分布于缝匠肌、股直肌、股外侧肌。2.右旋髂浅动脉起于旋股外侧动脉,距股动脉0.85 cm发出,起始处外径1.8mm,发出后行向外上,分布于缝匠肌、阔筋膜张肌。3.正常情况下：旋髂深动脉在距髂前上棘附近分为髂嵴支和腹壁肌支(升之),前者分布至髂嵴及附近肌及皮肤,后者分布至肌。本例右旋髂深动脉起于股动脉,起始处外径为3.0 mm,距腹股沟韧带1.22 cm,以短干发出后分为上、下两支,起始处外径分别为2.4 mm、2.2 mm。上支向上穿腹股沟韧带后行向外上,分布于髂肌和腹横肌的下份内面,上支起始段还发出两较大分支,分布于耻骨肌;下支行向外上于腹股沟深面入腹内斜肌和腹横肌之间,分布于此二肌的下份。     

旋股内侧动脉解剖学观测及在介入法治疗下肢动脉疾患的意义

目的:为利用旋股内侧动脉深支介入法治疗下肢动脉疾病提供解剖学依据。方法:股部正常经福尔马林固定动脉灌注红色乳胶成人下肢标本50侧。观测旋股内侧动脉及其深支的起源、起点外径、走行和分布。以两侧髂前上棘的连线作为X轴,经髂前上棘所作垂直线为Y轴。分别测量旋股内侧动脉及其深支起始处至X轴和Y轴的距离,以此定位旋股内侧动脉及其深支的起始端。结果:旋股内侧动脉起始处外径,男(4.75±0.94)mm,女(3.92±0.88)mm。其深支起点的外径,男(3.90±0.70)mm,女(3.43±0.69)mm。旋股内侧动脉起点距X轴的距离:男(10.21±1.16)cm,女(9.58±1.67)cm;与Y轴间距:男(5.66±1.02)cm,女(5.37±0.59)cm。旋股内侧动脉深支起点与X轴的间距:男(10.61±1.21)cm,女(9.92±1.42)cm;与Y轴之间的距离分别为(6.48±1.18)cm和(6.31±0.66)cm。上述指标中,旋股内侧动脉主干及其深支的外径具有性别差异(P<0.05)。结论:旋股内侧动脉深支可运用于介入治疗下肢动脉疾患。髂前上棘可作为标志定位旋股内侧动脉及其深支的起点。在操作中,要注意性别差异,并注意保护股血管。     

股前外侧分叶肌皮瓣的应用解剖与临床意义

目的:为以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂分叶肌皮瓣的设计与临床应用提供解剖学基础。方法:在8例成人16侧下肢标本,解剖观测了旋股外侧动脉起点及主干口径,降支的外侧支、内侧支的起始位置及起始点至入肌前血管长度和股神经的分支伴行情况。结果:14侧旋股外侧动脉起始处距腹股沟韧带中点(5.3±0.8)cm,口径为(5.8±0.9)mm,内、外侧支起始点距旋股外侧动脉降支起始点距离为(5.4±1.5)cm,外侧支入肌点距分支点距离(4.8±0.8)cm,内侧支入肌点距分支点起始处(10.2±2.6)cm;2侧内、外侧支共干起自股深动脉。股外侧肌神经全程伴同名血管走行分支。结论:①旋股外侧动脉降支及其分支可以用于设计成为分叶肌皮瓣;②可以按需要选择不同血管分支以调节各瓣间的距离(叶间距),肌瓣切取后剩余股外侧肌仍保留动力功能。     

股深动脉的解剖学观测及其临床意义

目的　为解剖学和临床应用提供解剖学资料。方法　采用成人尸体标本 32具 (男 2 7,女 5)、6 4侧 ,解剖、观察股深动脉的起点及分支 ,测量起端外径和距股深动脉的距离 ,观察股深动脉的毗邻关系。结果　股深动脉起始部外径和起点距离腹股沟韧带的距离分别为 6 2± 0 2mm和 4 5 1± 1 32mm。旋股内、外侧动脉起始部外径分别为 33± 0 0 9mm和 4 8± 0 13mm。股动脉在股深动脉起点上、下发一降支者分别占 12 9%和 2 9%。旋股内、外侧动脉起于股深动脉者分别占 90 32 %和 85 1%。在股三角中部 ,由前向后依次排列为隐神经和股动脉 ,股静脉 ,股深静脉和股深动脉者占 5 6 4 5 %。由内侧向外侧依次排列关系不恒定。结论　股深动脉通常发旋股内、外侧动脉 ,旋股外侧动脉再分升支 ,横支和降支。但旋股外侧动脉降支发自股动脉者较多 (41 9% )。股深动脉位置最深、最靠外侧 ,与股部血管紧密相邻 ,股深动脉手术和股上部损伤时可造成多发性血管损伤。     

旋股外侧血管蒂复(联)合组织瓣移植的解剖学基础

目的：为以旋股外侧血管蒂复(联)合组织瓣移植提供解剖学基础。方法：50侧成人下肢标本解剖观察旋股外侧动脉分支起始类型及其分布。结果：旋股外侧动脉分支起始主要有3型：Ⅰ型：旋股外侧动脉发升支、横支和降支占76％；Ⅱ型：升支、横支、降支由两干从股深动脉或股动脉发出占20％；Ⅲ型：升支、横支、降支单独从股深动脉或股动脉发m占4％。升支恒定分支分布于阔筋膜张肌和髂嵴前外侧部；横支分支分布于股外侧肌上部和大转子前外侧部；降支分支分布于股外侧肌和股前外侧部皮肤。结论：76％可以旋股外侧血管为蒂形成：①升支阔筋膜张肌皮瓣和／或髂骨瓣；②横支大转子骨瓣或骨膜瓣；③降支股前外侧皮瓣。20％则可以升支和横支或横支和降支共十形成相应两个组织瓣：     

Patterns of the circumflex femoral arteries revisited

Knowledge of variations of the circumflex femoral arteries is important when undertaking clinical procedures within the femoral region and in hip joint replacement. Since the 19th century, many different patterns have been proposed to classify their origins. This work studied a statistically reliable sample, the lower limbs of 221 embalmed human cadavers (equal right-left and approximately equal sex distributions), and reviewed the previous literature to propose a unified and simple classification that will be useful to clinicians. Statistical comparisons were made using the chi(2) test. The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries have been classified into three different patterns based on the levels of their origin. Distribution related to sex and side was also studied. Pattern I: Both arteries arose from the deep femoral artery (346 cases, 78.8%). This pattern was more frequent in females, P = 0.01. There was no significant difference between sides. Type Ia, medial circumflex femoral artery origin was proximal to the lateral circumflex femoral artery origin (53.2%); Type Ib, lateral circumflex femoral artery origin was proximal to medial circumflex femoral artery origin (23.4%); Type Ic, both arteries arose from a common trunk (23.4%). Pattern II: One of the arteries arose from the femoral artery and the other from the deep femoral artery (90 cases, 20.5%). Type IIa, the medial circumflex femoral artery arose from the femoral artery (77.8%) and Type IIb, the lateral circumflex femoral artery arose from the femoral artery (22.2%). There were no significant differences between sexes or sides. Pattern III: Both arteries arose from the femoral artery (2 cases, 0.5%). In every disposition there was a significantly higher prevalence of unilateral rather than bilateral occurrence. In one dissection the medial circumflex femoral artery was absent. Awareness of these variations could avoid unexpected injuries.     

Deep and superficial circumflex iliac arteries and their relationship to the ultrasound‐guided femoral nerve block procedure: A cadaver study

The in‐plane lateral to medial approach is a standard technique for ultrasound‐guided femoral nerve block (USG‐FNB). The first bifurcation of the femoral artery, which consists of the deep artery of the thigh (DAT) or occasionally the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), is regarded as the distal border for this procedure. We sometimes detect arteries along the estimated needle trajectory for USG‐FNB. The superficial (SCIA) and deep (DCIA) circumflex iliac arteries run laterally parallel to the inguinal ligament from the femoral or external iliac artery. The relationship between the SCIA and DCIA and other anatomical structures related to USG‐FNB around the femoral triangle region was studied by gross anatomical examination of 100 formalin‐fixed adult cadavers. At least one SCIA and one DCIA were identified around each femoral triangle; 81.8% of SCIA and 58% of DCIA originated from the femoral artery. All DCIA coursed between the fascia lata and fascia iliaca and 80% of SCIA penetrated the fascia lata. In 94% of femoral triangles, at least one arterial branch heading towards the lateral part of the thigh originated from the femoral artery from the level of the inguinal ligament to the first bifurcation of the femoral artery. The presence of SCIA and DCIA should be considered during USG‐FNB using the in‐plane lateral to medial approach to avoid inadvertently injuring them, as they are occasionally located along the presumed needle trajectory superficial to the fascia iliaca. Clin. Anat. 30:413–420, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Distinct intergender difference in the femoral artery ramification patterns found in the Turkish population: angiographic study

Using 600 bilateral femoral angiographies (300 male lower extremities and 300 female lower extremities), we observed configurations of the femoral origins of the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA), lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) and the deep femoral artery. The distinct intergender difference was found in the incidence of direct origin of the MCFA from the femoral artery (17.8% and 80.0% in male and female limbs, repsectively). The LCFA also exhibited a marked difference between genders in the incidence of direct origin. The Turkish population seemed to be characterized by an intergender difference in specific somatic arterial morphology.     

旋股内侧动脉解剖在股骨颈骨折患者临床疗效中的评估意义

[摘要]目的 评估旋股内侧动脉（MFCA）的解剖结构对股骨颈骨折内固定术后股骨头血运的影响及临床疗效分析。方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属太仓医院2014年1月至2019年1月收治的股骨颈骨折患者,筛选其中行超选数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查并最终行内固定治疗的患者共81例,根据旋股内侧动脉的起源分为股深动脉组（65例）和股动脉组（16例）,比较两组旋股内侧动脉开口处内径及流速,分析两组手术时间、复位质量、骨折愈合时间、末次髋关节功能Harris评分及并发症发生情况,对比分析MFCA不同解剖结构对影像学及临床结果的影响。结果 本组共纳入行内固定治疗股骨颈骨折患者81例,所有患者均已行DSA检查,按照旋股内侧动脉解剖起源分为股深动脉组和股动脉组。两组患者在性别、年龄、骨折类型组成以及血流动力学数据方面均无显著差异。所有患者获得18 ～ 23（19.26±4.17）个月的随访,均获得骨折愈合,截至末次随访,股深动脉组有5例发生股骨头坏死,股动脉组有2例发生股骨头坏死。股深动脉组患者平均手术时间（37.81±12.44）min,股动脉组平均手术时间（34.35±10.49）min;股深动脉组复位质量优44例,良18例,可3例;股动脉组复位质量优12例,良3例,可1例;股深动脉组骨折愈合时间为（17.63±6.26）周,股动脉组骨折愈合时间为（18.02±4.79）周;股深动脉组患者末次随访平均Harris评分（85.74±7.06）分,股动脉组患者末次随访平均Harris评分（82.03±6.19）分。术后所有指标比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论 旋股内侧动脉解剖起源存在变异,但是其在血流动力学方面无明显差异,对股骨颈骨折内固定治疗的疗效及总体预后无显著影响。     

股骨髓内钉进针点对股骨近端血供影响的解剖学研究

目的　推导股骨髓内钉进针点对股骨近端血供的影响。 方法 正常成人防腐髋关节标本68侧,观测旋骨外侧动脉、旋骨内侧动脉、臀上动脉和臀上动脉在股骨近端的分布、位置及与肌肉的关系,以及在股骨近端的血管吻合情况。 结果 10.3%（7侧）在臀小肌附着处旋股外侧动脉升支与旋股内侧动脉深支吻合, 89.7%（61侧）旋股内侧动脉深支与臀下动脉相吻合,70.6%（48侧）旋股内侧动脉深支与臀上动脉相吻合。 结论 当旋股内侧动脉损伤时其血供可由臀上、臀下动脉吻合补偿,而并非为旋股外侧动脉代偿。     

The anatomical study on the branches of the femoral artery (II). Comparison with the findings of Adachi's classification

The authors studied the mode of three main branches of the femoral artery (deep femoral, medial circumflex femoral and lateral circumflex femoral artery) in 179 Japanese cadavers during dissecting practice at Gifu University in the last four years. The findings were as follows; Two hundred and seventeen sides in the 352 sides (61.7%) belong to Type I of Adachi's classification on variations in the arrangement of the branches of the femoral artery. Forty-one sides (11.6%) belong to Type II, 55 sides (15.6%) to Type III, 7 sides (2.0%) to Type IV, 8 sides (2.3%) to Type V, 4 sides (1.1%) to Type VI, 5 sides (1.4%) to Type VII and 15 dises (4.3%) to other types. Five cases in 15 sides which belong to other types have been reported in our previous study (Emura et al. 1985). In 3 cases out of 10 sides the deep femoral-medial circumflex femoral trunk, and the ascending and descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery arise from the femoral artery, respectively. In one case out of 10 sides the deep femoral-lateral circumflex femoral trunk and the medial circumflex femoral-inferior epigastric-obturator trunk arise from the femoral artery, respectively. In one case out of 10 sides the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the deep femoral-medial circumflex femoral-inferior epigastric-obturator trunk arise from the femoral artery, respectively. In one case out of 10 sides the medial circumflex femoral-deep circumflex iliac trunk arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery and runs medially behind the femoral artery, and the deep femoral-lateral circumflex femoral trunk arises from the femoral artery. In one case out of 10 sides the deep femoral-ascending (the lateral circumflex femoral artery) trunk, the medial circumflex femoral artery and the deep circumflex iliac-descending (the lateral circumflex femoral artery) trunk arise from the femoral artery, respectively. In one case out of 10 sides the deep femoral-descending (the lateral circumflex femoral artery) trunk, the medial circumflex femoral artery and the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery) trunk, the medial circumflex femoral artery and the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery arise from the femoral artery, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Anatomical variants of the lateral femoral circumflex artery: an angiographic study

The descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) has found recent use as a new arterial graft for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Anatomical variants of the LFCA were assessed on femoral arteriograms obtained before CABG in 131 adult patients. The most common pattern, found in 78.6% of extremities, consisted of the LFCA arising from the deep femoral artery, and the arterial graft was selected from this pattern in 92.3% of patients in whom the descending branch of the LFCA was used for CABG.     

吻合血管腓骨修复股骨颈骨折与股骨头坏死的解剖学

目的：对吻合血管腓骨移植修复股骨颈骨折与股骨头缺血性坏死进行解剖学再探讨。方法：成人下肢标本,观测供区、受区血管的解剖学。结果：(1)观测了腓动脉及其伴行静脉起点的位置和外径及腓骨滋养动脉的分布。(2)观测了旋股外侧动脉及其升支的起点位置、干长和外径及其伴行静脉的外径。结论：旋股外侧血管升支为术式首选的受区血管,将腓动脉与旋股外侧血管的升支吻合,有利于重建股骨头颈的血供。     

Blood supply of the tensor fasciae latae muscle

The tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscle has been successfully harvested as a myocutaneous flap in reconstructive surgery. Reports on the vascular supply of this muscle, however, are incomplete or inconclusive. Therefore the arterial pattern was examined by dissection in 100 injected human cadaveric specimens. It was observed that whereas 67 muscles were supplied exclusively by a single vessel derived from the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral (LCF) artery, 13 were supplied by a secondary vessel derived from the same branch, while 20 muscles were supplied by two vessels, the larger one arising as before and the smaller from the descending branch of the LCF. Our observations reveal that although the majority of TFL muscles are clinically Type I (one vascular pedicle) according to the classification of Mathes and Nahai (1981), 20% are actually Type II (major and minor vascular pedicles). Clin. Anat. 11:236–238, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

带旋股外侧血管升支和横支骨瓣转位术的应用解剖

目的：为带旋股外侧血管升支和横支的骨瓣转位，治疗股骨干中下段骨不连的术式提供解剖学基础。方法：经４０侧灌注红色乳胶的成人标本上，对旋股外侧血管的升支、横支和降支的走行和分布进行了观测，并在标本上进行摹拟手术。结果：设计了带旋股外侧血管升支和横支的骨瓣，以降支为带转移到股骨干中下段的手术方法。结论：本研究证明了该方法治疗股骨干中下段骨不连的可行性，并有简便、易行和可靠的优点