ARDS患者俯卧位通气对改善氧合状态的作用

目的 探讨俯卧位机械通气对ARDS患者氧合状态的影响.方法 选择ARDS机械通气患者88例,分为A(俯卧位治疗组)、B(常规治疗组)2组,采取俯卧位通气观察0.5h,3h,5h后,将2组的SpO2、PaO2、PaO2/FiO2、HR、MAP等变化进行比较.结果 俯卧位通气对患者的HR、MAP影响不大(p>0.05),2组SpO2、PaO2、PaO2/FiO2改变有显著性差异(p<0.05).结论 俯卧位机械通气能显著改善ARDS患的氧合状态,从而实现早日脱机,且实施方便,加强护理和观察可避免严重并发症的发生.     

ARDS患者俯卧位通气对改善氧合状态的作用

目的探讨俯卧位机械通气对ARDS患者氧合状态的影响。方法选择ARDS机械通气患者88例，分为A（俯卧位治疗组）、B（常规治疗组）2组，采取俯卧位通气观察0．5h，3h，5h后，将2组的SpO2、PaO2：、PaO2/FiO2、HR、MAP等变化进行比较。结果俯卧位通气对患者的HR、MAP影响不大（P〉0．05），2组Sp02、PaO2、PaO2/FiO2改变有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论俯卧位机械通气能显著改善ARDS患者的氧合状态，从而实现早日脱机，且实施方便，加强护理和观察可避免严重并发症的发生。     

俯卧位通气在新冠肺炎引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者通气策略中的应用

目的:探讨俯卧位通气在新冠肺炎引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者中的应用效果。方法:将2020年2月7~13日收治的30例新冠肺炎引起的ARDS患者为对照组,采取常规护理改善患者氧合状况;将2020年2月14~20日收治的35例新冠肺炎引起的ARDS患者为观察组,采用常规护理+间断俯卧位通气改善患者氧合状况。于通气前、通气2、4、24 h监测患者心率、呼吸、血压、SpO2、PaO2、PaCO2、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2、pH)。结果:通气2、4h,观察组平均动脉压(MAP)、PaO2、PaCO2、PaO2/FiO2、SpO2指标较对照组改善(P<0.05);通气24 h,观察组收缩压(SBP)、MAP、PaO2、PaCO2、PaO2/FiO2、SpO2指标优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:俯卧位通气能有效改善新冠肺炎引起的ARDS患者氧合情况,但在操作的过程中要注意做好评估工作,保证患者安全,值得临床推广。     

创伤后急性肺损伤患者行俯卧位通气的研究

目的　探讨俯卧位通气对ALI/ARDS患者的治疗作用。方法　 1998年 7月至 2 0 0 0年 5月收入我院EICU的创伤所致ALI/ARDS患者 2 8例 ,在一定的镇静和肌松下进行俯卧位通气 ,分别监测初始仰位、俯位 1h、俯位 2h、仰位 1h、仰位 2h各时点的血流动力学、呼吸力学及血气分析指标。结果　患者转为俯位后 ,氧合状况显著改善 (PaO2 /FiO2 从 2 0 5 3± 5 7 4升至 2 5 7 0± 2 8 7、 2 73 3± 31 8,P <0 0 5 ) ,且在复转为仰位后 2h持续存在 (PaO2 /FiO2 )为 2 42 1± 6 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;Bp、HR、Paw、R、C、PaCO2 及血气指标在体位变动前后无明显变化。结论　俯卧位通气能显著改善ALI/ARDS病人的氧合状况 ,对血流动力学、呼吸力学无明显影响 ,可用于ALI/ARDS的辅助治疗     

俯卧位机械通气用于肺结核合并ARDS患者的效果观察

目的探讨俯卧位机械通气用于肺结核合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的效果。方法选取该院2015年5月至2019年5月收治的肺结核合并ARDS患者92例,根据通气方案不同分为两组,对照组47例患者行常规机械通气,观察组45例患者行俯卧位机械通气。对比两组患者通气后总有效率,通气前后的氧分压(PaO2)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2),通气前后的中心静脉压(CVP)、平均动脉压(MAP)。结果通气后观察组总有效率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通气前两组患者PaO2、SpO2、PaCO2、PaO2/FiO2水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),通气后观察组各项指标优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通气前两组CVP、MAP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),通气后观察组CVP、MAP水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用俯卧位机械通气治疗肺结核合并ARDS患者,效果较好,可改善患者氧合状态,从而提高总有效率,值得临床推广。     

俯卧位通气改善ARDS患者氧合的护理研究

目的探讨俯卧位通气改善ARDS患者氧合状态的影响。方法选择ARDS患者22例随机分为A组和B组,各11例。A组采用俯卧位,B组采用平卧位或床头抬高10～30°。分别在通气后2h、4h两个时间点采血行血气分析。并对两组SPO2、PaO2、PaCO2、PaO2∕FiO2、HR、MAP、CVP的变化进行比较。结果两组HR、MAP、CVP比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,两组SPO2、PaO2、PaCO2、PaO2/FiO2变化比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论俯卧位通气能显著改善ARDS患者的氧合状态,从而实现早日脱机,且实施方便,加强护理和观察可避免严重并发症的发生。     

短时侧俯卧位机械通气改善重症胰腺炎并发ARDS病人氧合的效果探讨

目的探讨侧俯卧位机械通气对重症胰腺炎并发ARDS病人氧合状态的影响.方法选择重症胰腺炎并发ARDS机械通气病人20例,采取侧卧位1h,半卧位1 h,侧俯卧位1 h,观察3个不同时段病人HR、SPO2、PaO2的变化.结果侧俯卧位病人的HR影响不大,SPO2、PaO2改变差异统计学有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论侧俯卧位机械通气能显著改善重症胰腺炎并发ARDS病人的氧合状态,从而降低FiO2和PEEP水平,且实施比较方便,加强护理和观察可避免严重并发症的发生.     

ARDS患者侧俯卧位机械通气改善氧合的观察和护理

目的 探讨侧俯卧位机械通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者氧合状态的影响.方法 选择ARDS机械通气患者28例,采取侧卧位1 h、半卧位1 h、侧俯卧位1 h.观察3个不同时段患者HR、MAP、PaO2的变化.结果 不同卧位机械通气对患者HR影响不大(P＞0.05),MAP改变无显著性意义(P＞0.05),PaO2改变有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 侧俯卧位机械通气能显著改善ARDS患者的氧合状态,从而降低FiO2和PEEP水平,且实施比较方便,加强护理和观察可避免严重并发症的发生.     

控制性肺膨胀术治疗肺外型急性呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效分析

目的:评价控制性肺膨胀(sustained inflation,SI)在肺外型急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的应用效果。方法:选择2011年1月—2012年9月入住延安大学附属医院重症医学科的24例肺外源型ARDS患者,随机分为对照组10例,SI组14例。两组均进行保护性肺通气,SI组采用SI(45 cmH2O,20 s)。比较两组患者的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、指末氧饱和度(SpO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、机械通气时间及住ICU时间。结果:SI组患者SI后2 h,SpO2、PaO2/FiO2较对照组明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组HR、MAP、机械通气时间、住ICU时间(P0.05)差异无统计学意义。SI组无明显并发症出现。结论:SI能有效改善肺外型ARDS患者的氧合能力,对血液动力学影响较小,是安全有效的肺复张方法。     

联合护理团队模式在新冠肺炎俯卧位通气患者中的应用

目的：探讨联合护理团队模式在新冠肺炎患者实施俯卧位通气中的应用效果。方法：选择2020年4月-5月新冠疫情期间上海市某新冠肺炎定点医院的患者作为研究对象，采用数字随机表法将其分为观察组与对照组各30人，对照组给予呼吸科常规护理措施及俯卧位通气，观察组给予呼吸科常规护理措施及联合护理团队模式下俯卧位通气管理方案。于通气2、4、24h检测患者pH、SpO2、PaCO2、PaO2、氧合指数（PaO2 /FiO2）、心率、呼吸、血压。结果：通气24h，观察组pH、SpO2、PaCO2、PaO2、PaO2 /FiO2、HR、平均动脉压( MAP)指标较对照组改善，差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：联合护理团队模式对新冠肺炎患者实施俯卧位通气可有效改善患者氧合状况，提高护理人员对俯卧位通气有效性的重视和认知。     

俯卧位通气在ARDS中的临床应用价值探讨

目的探讨俯卧位通气（PPV）在急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的临床应用价值。方法选取2006—05—2011—05江苏泗洪分金亭医院ICU收治的36例急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者．随机分为仰卧位组和俯卧位通气,两组均采用肺保护性通气策略,分别监测两组患者在充分镇静情况下初始仰卧位及俯卧位通气1h、2h、4h、6h后患者的动脉血氧分压（Pa02）、氧合指数（PaO。／Fi02）、pH值、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaC02）、Sp02、心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）等呼吸循环指标。结果俯卧位组在动脉血氧分压（PaOz）、氧合指数（PaO2／FiO2）、SpO2等呼吸指标方面较对照组明显改善（P〈0．05）,机械通气时间、住院时间和住院期问死亡率明显降低（P〈0．05）。而心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）等循环指标较对照组无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论俯卧位通气可明显改善ARDS患者的氧合状况,而对血流动力学影响不明显。     

密闭式吸痰在急性呼吸窘迫综合征病人机械通气中的应用

[目的]探讨密闭式吸痰对机械通气急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)病人血氧饱和度(SpO2)、心率(HR)及平均动脉压(MAP)的影响。[方法]将40例入住重症监护室(ICU)需行机械通气的ARDS病人随机分为对照组和实验组各20例,对照组采用传统的开放式硅胶吸痰管,实验组采用密闭式吸痰装置吸痰,观察两组吸痰前后SpO2、HR及MAP的变化。[结果]与实验组相比,对照组在吸痰2 min后的SpO2显著下降(P<0.05),HR及MAP显著升高(P<0.05);实验组病人吸痰前后SpO2、HR及MAP无显著变化(P>0.05),对照组病人吸痰前后SpO2显著下降(P<0.05),HR及MAP显著升高(P<0.05)。[结论]密闭式吸痰在ARDS病人机械通气过程中的应用可明显减少低氧血症的发生及维持血流动力学的稳定。     

Comparison of prone positioning and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Both prone position and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) have the potential to facilitate lung recruitment, and their combined use could thus be synergetic on gas exchange. Keeping the lung open could also potentially be lung protective. The aim of this study was to compare physiologic and proinflammatory effects of HFOV, prone positioning, or their combination in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DESIGN:: Prospective, comparative randomized study. SETTING: A medical intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Thirty-nine ARDS patients with a Pao2/Fio2 ratio <150 mm Hg at positive end-expiratory pressure > or =5 cm H2O. INTERVENTIONS: After 12 hrs on conventional lung-protective mechanical ventilation (tidal volume 6 mL/kg of ideal body weight, plateau pressure not exceeding the upper inflection point, and a maximum of 35 cm H2O; supine-CV), 39 patients were randomized to receive one of the following 12-hr periods: conventional lung-protective mechanical ventilation in prone position (prone-CV), HFOV in supine position (supine-HFOV), or HFOV in prone position (prone-HFOV). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Prone-CV (from 138 +/- 58 mm Hg to 217 +/- 110 mm Hg, p < .0001) and prone-HFOV (from 126 +/- 40 mm Hg to 227 +/- 64 mm Hg, p < 0.0001) improved the Pao2/Fio2 ratio whereas supine-HFOV did not alter the Pao2/Fio2 ratio (from 134 +/- 57 mm Hg to 138 +/- 48 mm Hg). The oxygenation index ({mean airway pressure x Fio2 x 100}/Pao2) decreased in the prone-CV and prone-HFOV groups and was lower than in the supine-HFOV group. Interleukin-8 increased significantly in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in supine-HFOV and prone-HFOV groups compared with prone-CV and supine-CV. Neutrophil counts were higher in the supine-HFOV group than in the prone-CV group. CONCLUSIONS: Although HFOV in the supine position does not improve oxygenation or lung inflammation, the prone position increases oxygenation and reduces lung inflammation in ARDS patients. Prone-HFOV produced similar improvement in oxygenation like prone-CV but was associated with higher BALF indexes of inflammation. In contrast, supine-HFOV did not improve gas exchange and was associated with enhanced lung inflammation.     

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation following prone positioning prevents a further impairment in oxygenation

OBJECTIVE: The improvement in oxygenation with prone positioning is not persistent when patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are turned supine. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) aims to maintain an open lung volume by the application of a constant mean airway pressure. The aim of this study was to show that HFOV is able to prevent the impairment in oxygenation when ARDS patients are turned back from the prone to the supine position. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative randomized study. SETTING: A medical intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Forty-three ARDS patients with a Pao2/Fio2 ratio <150 at positive end-expiratory pressure > or =5 cm H2O. INTERVENTIONS: After an optimization period, the patients were assigned to one of three groups: a) conventional lung-protective mechanical ventilation in the prone position (12 hrs) followed by a 12-hr period of conventional lung-protective mechanical ventilation in the supine position (CV(prone)-CV(supine)); b) conventional lung-protective mechanical ventilation in the supine position (12 hrs) followed by HFOV in the supine position (12 hrs) (CV(supine)-HFOV(supine)); or c) conventional lung-protective mechanical ventilation in the prone position (12 hrs) followed by HFOV in the supine position (CV(prone)-HFOV(supine) group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pao2/Fio2 ratio was higher at the end of the study period in the CV(prone)-HFOV(supine) group than in the CV(prone)-CV(supine) group (p < .02). Venous admixture at the end of the study period was lower in the CV(prone)-HFOV(supine) group than in the two other groups. CONCLUSIONS: HFOV maintained the improvement in oxygenation related to prone positioning when ARDS patients were returned to the supine position.     

Decrease in PaCO2 with prone position is predictive of improved outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gas exchange improvement in response to the prone position is associated with an improved outcome in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patients in the pronation arm of a controlled randomized trial on prone positioning and patients enrolled in a previous pilot study of the prone position. SETTING: Twenty-eight Italian and two Swiss intensive care units. PATIENTS: We studied 225 patients meeting the criteria for ALI or ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were in prone position for 10 days for 6 hrs/day if they met ALI/ARDS criteria when assessed each morning. Respiratory variables were recorded before and after 6 hrs of pronation with unchanged ventilatory settings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured arterial blood gas alterations to the first pronation and the 28-day mortality rate. The independent risk factors for death in the general population were the Pao2/Fio2 ratio (odds ratio, 0.992; confidence interval, 0.986-0.998), the minute ventilation/Paco2 ratio (odds ratio, 1.003; confidence interval, 1.000-1.006), and the concentration of plasma creatinine (odds ratio, 1.385; confidence interval, 1.116-1.720). Pao2 responders (defined as the patients who increased their Pao2/Fio2 by > or =20 mm Hg, 150 patients, mean increase of 100.6 +/- 61.6 mm Hg [13.4 +/- 8.2 kPa]) had an outcome similar to the nonresponders (59 patients, mean decrease -6.3 +/- 23.7 mm Hg [-0.8 +/- 3.2 kPa]; mortality rate 44% and 46%, respectively; relative risk, 1.04; confidence interval, 0.74-1.45, p =.65). The Paco2 responders (defined as patients whose Paco2 decreased by > or =1 mm Hg, 94 patients, mean decrease -6.0 +/- 6 mm Hg [-0.8 +/- 0.8 kPa]) had an improved survival when compared with nonresponders (115 patients, mean increase 6 +/- 6 mm Hg [0.8 +/- 0.8 kPa]; mortality rate 35.1% and 52.2%, respectively; relative risk, 1.48; confidence interval, 1.07-2.05, p =.01). CONCLUSION: ALI/ARDS patients who respond to prone positioning with reduction of their Paco2 show an increased survival at 28 days. Improved efficiency of alveolar ventilation (decreased physiologic deadspace ratio) is an important marker of patients who will survive acute respiratory failure.     

Effects of recruitment maneuvers in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilated with high positive end-expiratory pressure

Objective: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuvers (RMs) may partially reverse atelectasis and reduce ventilation-associated lung injury. The purposes of this study were to assess a) magnitude and duration of RM effects on arterial oxygenation and on requirements for oxygenation support (Fio2/PEEP) in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) receiving ventilation with low tidal volumes and high levels of PEEP; and b) frequency of adverse respiratory and circulatory events attributable to RMs. Design: Prospective, randomized, crossover study. Setting: Thirty-four intensive care units at 19 hospitals. Patients: Seventy-two patients with early ALI/ARDS. Baseline PEEP and Fio2 were 13.8 +/- 3.0 cm H2O and 0.39 +/- 0.10, respectively (mean +/- sd). Interventions: We conducted RMs by applying continuous positive airway pressure of 35-40 cm H2O for 30 secs. We conducted sham RMs on alternate days. We monitored oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2), Fio2/PEEP, blood pressure, and heart rate for 8 hrs after RMs and sham RMs. We examined chest radiographs for barotrauma. Measurements and Main Results: Responses to RMs were variable. Greatest increments from baseline SpO2 within 10 mins after RMs were larger than after sham RMs (1.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.3 %, mean +/- SEM, p < .01). Systolic blood pressure decreased more +/- 1.1 mm Hg, p < .01). Changes in Fio2/PEEP requirements were not significantly different at any time after RMs vs. sham RMs. Barotrauma was apparent on first radiographs after one RM and one sham RM.Conclusions: In ALI/ARDS patients receiving mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes and high PEEP, short-term effects of RMs as conducted in this study are variable. Beneficial effects on gas exchange in responders appear to be of brief duration. More information is needed to determine the role of recruitment maneuvers in the management of ALI/ARDS.     

Short-term effect of inhaled nitric oxide and prone positioning on gas exchange in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and prone positioning in improving oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Charts of consecutive ARDS patients (lung injury score >2) during a 2-yr period, tested for both inhaled NO and prone positioning efficacy were retrospectively reviewed. Variations in the Pao2/Fio2 ratio induced by inhaled NO and prone positioning were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (age, 42+/-17 yrs) were included. Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 45+/-14. Mortality rate in the intensive care unit was 63%. The causes of ARDS were pneumonia (n = 14), extra-lung infection (n = 5), and noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (n = 8). Lung injury score was 2.7+/-0.3. At baseline, before the initiation of inhaled NO, the Pao2/Fio2 ratio was 97+/-46 torr and before prone positioning, 92+/-26 torr. Variations in the Pao2/Fio2 ratio were lower at start of NO therapy (11+/-4 ppm) than that observed at prone positioning initiation (23+/-31 vs. 62+/-78 torr, p<.05). An increase in variations in the Pao2/Fio2 ratio of >15 torr was associated with prone positioning in 16 patients (59%) and with NO inhalation in 13 patients (48%) (not significant). An increase in variations in the Pao2/Fio2 ratio of >15 torr was associated with both techniques in only six patients (22%). There was no correlation between the response to prone positioning and the response to inhaled NO (r2 = .005; p = .73). CONCLUSIONS: Prone positioning improves hypoxemia significantly better than does inhaled NO. The response to one technique is not predictive of the response to the other technique.