改良的Cutler-Beard手术治疗新生儿后天性角膜溃疡合并Goldenhar综合征

后天性角膜溃疡，在新生儿并不常见。1例婴儿患有Goldenhar综合征（眼耳椎骨发育异常综合征），合并左上睑巨大的中央缺损，在新生儿期发展为角膜溃疡。本例通过改良的卡特勒-比尔德（Cutler-Beard）手术进行处理，该手术是在保守治疗未能治愈角膜溃疡后施行的急诊手术。     

非感染性角膜溃疡的治疗

非感染性角膜溃疡可以是一种单独的眼病(如眼外伤后遗症,Mooren角膜溃疡),也可伴发于各种胶原血管性疾病或自身免疫性疾病。某些影响眼球表面上皮完整性的疾病(如暴露性角膜炎、神经营养性角膜炎、角膜溶解和复发性角膜溃疡),可致无菌性角膜溃疡的发生。这种角膜溃疡,也可以是白内障手术的并发症。本病有多种不同的疗法,有些药物和手术能迅速有效地阻止角膜溃疡的进一步恶化,但疗效均取决于角膜溃疡的原发病。因此,迅速准确的诊断是至关重要的。     

干燥保存角膜在感染性角膜溃疡治疗中的应用

目的:评价应用干燥保存角膜片对554例严重感染性角膜溃疡行治疗性角膜移植手术的效果。方法:选自我院角膜病组1976-08/2000-12期间应用干燥保存角膜片对严重感染性角膜溃疡行治疗性角膜移植手术共计554例,本组病例统计分类为真菌性(238例)、单疱病毒性(170例)、细菌性(70例)及混合感染性(76例角膜溃疡4种,分析临床应用效果。结果:本组手术治疗严重感染性角膜溃疡平均有效率88.8%,其中真菌性角膜溃疡81.5%,单疱病毒性角膜溃疡98.2%,细菌性角膜溃疡97.1%,混合感染性角膜溃疡82.9%。结论:无水氯化钙-硅胶干燥长期保存的角膜片为临床随时提供角膜材料,是一项简单易行、便于推广应用的方法;在临床治疗过程中尽快、尽早查明感染病原体,可避免盲目性;对严重感染性角膜溃疡,治疗性角膜移植可直接清除病灶、较快地控制炎症、缩短治疗过程,达到保存眼球及恢复部分有用视力,为下一步光学性角膜移植创造条件。     

羊膜移植与结膜瓣遮盖在角膜溃疡治疗中临床疗效的对比观察

目的:分析羊膜移植与结膜瓣遮盖在角膜溃疡治疗中的临床疗效,探讨其在角膜溃疡治疗中的不同手术适应范围,为临床治疗提供循证医学依据。方法:回顾性分析我院2004-10/2009-07行羊膜移植或结膜瓣遮盖手术治疗的角膜溃疡住院患者46例47眼,其中病毒性角膜溃疡13例14眼,真菌性角膜溃疡19例19眼,细菌性角膜溃疡7例7眼,蚕食及边缘性角膜溃疡3例3眼,无菌炎症性角膜溃疡2例2眼,手术引起角膜内皮失代偿致角膜上皮大泡、溃疡2例2眼;穿孔9例9眼。上述患者行病灶清除+羊膜移植或结膜瓣遮盖手术治疗,行羊膜移植17例18眼,结膜瓣遮盖29例29眼,其中结膜瓣遮盖后行角膜移植2例2眼,术后针对原发病进一步进行药物治疗。结果:羊膜移植治疗后,治愈13例14眼,治愈率为78%(14/18);行结膜瓣遮盖治疗后,治愈23例23眼,治愈率为79%(23/29);二者在临床治愈率上没有明显的差别(P>0.05)。结论:羊膜移植与结膜瓣遮盖根据不同的溃疡类型及不同的溃疡发展进程选择合适的手术方式可以达到较好的手术疗效。     

改良结膜瓣遮盖术治疗穿孔或近穿孔感染性角膜溃疡的探讨

目的 探讨应用改良结膜瓣遮盖术治疗感染基本控制的穿孔或近穿孔的感染性角膜溃疡.方法 选择感染基本控制的角膜溃疡穿孔12例、近穿孔病例52例(共64只眼).手术中溃疡面修剪清创,4%碘酊烧灼溃疡面或边缘(穿孔者),在临近角膜溃疡处转移球结膜瓣,将Tenon囊组织单层或多层于创面修剪后间断固定缝合,再将已转移的球结膜瓣遮盖于表面间断固定缝合.结果 47只角膜溃疡近穿孔患眼于术后一次成功,术后2W内余5只眼结膜瓣溶解脱落(3例再次结膜瓣手术成功,2例放弃治疗)手术一次成功率92.19%.角膜溃疡穿孔患眼术后成功率达100%,但是有3只眼术后发生继发性青光眼.结论 改良结膜瓣遮盖手术在角膜溃疡感染基本控制即可进行,操作简单,便于基层开展,尤其是在无角膜材料、无条件进行角膜移植者可缩短疗程,保存眼球,为下一步复明手术打下基础.     

改良结膜瓣遮盖术治疗重症真菌性角膜溃疡的临床研究

目的探讨应用改良结膜瓣遮盖术治疗重症真菌性角膜溃疡的临床效果。方法选择感染基本控制的重症真菌性角膜溃疡58例（58眼）,其中角膜穿孔10例。手术中角膜溃疡面清创,4％碘酊烧灼溃疡面,在临近角膜溃疡处做带眼球筋膜囊组织的单蒂结膜瓣遮盖于表面,间断固定缝合。结果55例术后一次成功,3例结膜瓣溶解脱落,手术一次成功率94．83％。其中10例角膜穿孔眼手术均一次成功,感染全部控制,但是有2眼术后发生继发性青光眼。结论改良结膜瓣遮盖手术在治疗重症真菌性角膜溃疡中能有效地控制感染,保存眼球,尤其是对穿孔或近穿孔而无条件进行角膜移植的患者可控制病情,为下一步复明手术打下基础。     

蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的综合治疗

目的:探讨蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的最佳有效治疗方案。方法:将连续治疗的蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者54例(77眼),按治疗方案的不同分为3组,单纯角膜溃疡切除联合板层角膜移植组21眼,角膜溃疡及邻近球结膜切除联合板层角膜移植组19眼,板层角膜移植术后联合应用地塞米松、环孢霉素A组37眼,对其疗效进行回顾性分析。结果:单纯角膜溃疡切除联合板层角膜移植术组一次性手术治愈率为48%,复发率为33%。角膜溃疡联合临近球结膜切除板层角膜移植术组一次性手术治愈率为68%,复发率为26%。板层角膜移植联合应用免疫抑制剂组一次性治愈率为76%,复发率为24%。结论:角膜溃疡及邻近球结膜切除联合板层角膜移植术后应用地塞米松及环孢霉素A眼液是目前治疗蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的最佳有效方法。     

新鲜羊膜移植在角膜溃疡和碱烧伤中的临床应用

目的探讨新鲜羊膜移植治疗角膜溃疡及碱烧伤的手术方法和临床效果.方法选择本院角膜溃疡患者10例(10只眼),其中神经麻痹性角膜溃疡2例,真菌性角膜溃疡1例,病毒性角膜溃疡3例,化学烧伤性角膜溃疡4例;另选择碱烧伤11例(16只眼),共计21例(26只眼).采用单层羊膜移植和多层羊膜移植,术后随访6～19月.结果术后7～14天炎症反应得到控制,末见新鲜羊膜移植片急性排斥反应,视力均有不同程度的提高.结论新鲜羊膜移植是治疗角膜溃疡及碱烧伤的有效方法.     

手术联合两性霉素B脂质体治疗重症真菌性角膜溃疡

目的 观察手术联合两性霉素B脂质体治疗重症真菌性角膜溃疡的临床疗效.方法 选择经实验室、角膜共焦显微镜及眼B超确诊的氟康唑治疗无效的重症真菌性角膜溃疡患者64例(64只眼)(溃疡直径>5mm),其中合并前房积脓34例(34只眼),合并前房积脓继发青光眼18例(18只眼),合并前房积脓并发眼内炎12例(12只眼)(波及前1/2玻璃体9只眼,波及后部3只眼).应用两性霉素B脂质体全身及局部药物治疗,分别联合自体结膜瓣遮盖术、治疗性穿透性角膜移植、治疗性眼前段重建等手术治疗,观察其疗效.结果 行自体结膜瓣遮盖术16例;治疗性穿透性角膜移植39只眼;治疗性眼前段重建手术治疗9例.所有病例均同时进行两性霉素B脂质体前房冲洗,其中联合玻璃体注药7例.角膜溃疡、前房积脓34例中,无效3例;角膜溃疡、前房积脓并继发青光眼18例中,无效8例(其中3例治疗中途放弃);角膜溃疡、前房积脓并发眼内炎12例中,无效4例(其中2例治疗中途放弃).临床总有效率76.57%.结论 手术联合两性霉素B脂质体治疗重症真菌性角膜溃疡,取得了较好的临床疗效,可以缩短病程、挽救患者眼球,是治疗重症真菌性角膜溃疡的有效方法之一.同时强调真菌性角膜溃疡早期快速诊断是有效治疗的重要前提.     

不同程度真菌性角膜溃疡的综合治疗

目的：探讨不同程度的真菌性角膜溃疡综合治疗的效果及临床转归。

方法：收集我院2017-11/2018-02确诊为真菌性角膜溃疡患者85例85眼,根据病情的严重程度,采取11项综合措施治疗,围手术期药物治疗,应用相应的手术治疗,所有患者随访6～8mo,观察角膜溃疡愈合情况及最终疾病转归。

结果：真菌性角膜溃疡平均住院时间12d,85眼中有79眼(93%)治愈, 好转5眼(6%),无效1眼(1%)。

结论：真菌性角膜溃疡采用全身及局部药物治疗,联合手术治疗,据病变深度及范围分别行角膜清创术、碘酊烧灼术、羊膜移植术、结膜瓣遮盖术、治疗性角膜移植术等综合方法治疗,才能收到理想的治疗效果,保留及恢复视力。     

Use of fibrin glue in fixation of amniotic membranes in sterile corneal ulceration

PURPOSE: To describe a method of fibrin glue fixation of single or multilayered amniotic membranes in sterile corneal ulceration. DESIGN: A modified microsurgical procedure. METHODS: The corneal ulcer is cleaned and the components of fibrin glue are applied separately. Amniotic membranes are rotated through the fibrinogen component and subsequently into the site of the ulceration where thrombin is already applied. An overlay membrane is sutured additionally on top. The results for one patient are illustrated as an example. RESULTS: The application technique prevents development of foam and leads to a thin fibrin film, which minimizes any irregularities of the fixed membranes and creates extra time to adjust the membranes' position. CONCLUSIONS: This method presents as an effective procedure for the treatment of sterile corneal ulceration and creates valuable time if any elective corneal graft procedure is required.     

Tarsal kink syndrome associated with congenital corneal ulcer

We describe a case of unilateral upper eyelid horizontal tarsal kink with congenital corneal ulceration. The surgical repair, by means of a simple resection of orbicularis and skin, is presented as a simple technique to correct the congenital anomaly of tarsal kink. Congenital tarsal kink should be included in the differential diagnosis of congenital corneal opacity and ulceration. Early recognition and surgical intervention reduces corneal scarring.     

Corneal ulceration and perforation with ketorolac tromethamine (Acular) use after PRK

PURPOSE: To report a case of corneal ulceration and perforation after PRK connected with high doses of ketorolac tromethamine (Acula). METHODS: A 31-year-old man presented 5 days after PRK in the left eye with corneal ulceration and perforation requiring penetrating keratoplasty. The patient admitted to using Acular every hour, ciprofloxocin every hour, and prednisolone acetate 1% QID postoperatively. RESULTS: Laboratory tests, including corneal cultures, were normal. A diagnosis of corneal ulceration secondary to incorrect use of high-dose ketorolac tromethamine was made. CONCLUSION: Judicious patient counseling is recommended when using topical NSAIDs in the setting of PRK.     

Conjunctival resection for the treatment of the rheumatoid corneal ulceration

Conjunctival resection is an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of a marginal furrow associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Rapid reepithelialization was observed following this procedure for the treatment of five such stromal ulcers that occurred in three rheumatoid patients. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was diagnosed in two of these patients. In four of five ulcers, minimal healing resulted from a prior trial of patching. Conjunctival resection was performed as the primary therapeutic procedure in one case in which perforation seemed possible. A literature review uncovered an additional nine such ulcers in six rheumatoid patients treated by conjunctival resection. In each case corneal healing was observed soon after the procedure. No recurrences were reported on 4- to 24-month follow-ups. This procedure has proven to be effective in each of our rheumatoid corneal ulcers and in each of the case reports in the literature. It would appear to work more reliably than subconjunctival heparin, topical anticollagenases, or immunosuppression. Conjunctival resection is a simple minor room procedure performed under topical anesthesia. It carries minimal risk for the patient. The early use of this technique for rheumatoid stromal ulcers is advocated, especially when the area of ulceration is extensive, when the stromal loss is progressive, and when stromal reserve is minimal. Early conjunctival resection can shorten the hospital stay, and in more severe cases could prevent perforation. Based on successful treatment in a combined total of 14 peripheral rheumatoid corneal ulcerations, the authors believe conjunctival resection should have a more prominent place in the treatment of this condition.     

Polymicrobial keratitis in an HIV-positive patient

We describe a case with non-responding polymicrobial spontaneous corneal ulceration in an HIV-positive patient. Acanthamoeba was among the microorganisms isolated.     

Corneal ulceration due to Nocardia asteroides

A case of corneal ulceration due to infection with Nocardia asteroides is described. Microbiological examination of corneal scrapings permitted accurate diagnosis and suggested appropriate therapy. Nineteen other cases that have been described in the world literature are reviewed.     

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and corneal ulcers

We reviewed the records of 56 patients (109 eyes) who satisfied our criteria for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) to determine factors associated with the development of sterile corneal ulcers. The patient's age, sex, and associated local ocular surface and/or systemic disease were studied. We found a statistically significant association between the development of corneal ulceration and the presence of an underlying condition or disease state, especially chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Patient sex and age were not significantly associated with the development of corneal ulceration. We present three case histories that illustrate the complications that arise in managing KCS plus an associated disease and methods of management.     

基质金属蛋白酶-9在人正常角膜及真菌性角膜溃疡中的基因表达

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)在人正常角膜及真菌性角膜溃疡中的基因表达,探讨MMP-9在真菌性角膜溃疡形成中的作用。方法:搜集24份真菌性角膜溃疡标本(溃疡组)及12份人正常角膜组织标本(对照组),其中12份真菌性角膜溃疡组织和6份正常的角膜组织分别抽提组织总的RNA,以Primer5.0软件设计MMP-9的特异引物,并对标本RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,以MMP-9目的电泳条带与β-actin内参照条带灰度值比值代表相对表达量。分12份角膜溃疡组织和6份正常的角膜组织进行免疫组化检测MMP-9表达,通过免疫组化染色的灰度值进行统计学分析。结果:MMP-9在真菌性角膜溃疡中的表达明显高于正常角膜,且主要位于角膜上皮层、基底膜以及基质层。结论:真菌性角膜溃疡组织中MMP-9的基因表达明显上调。MMP-9在真菌性角膜溃疡的发生、发展及角膜穿孔中起着重要作用。加强MMP-9在真菌性角膜溃疡中的作用机制的研究,有望对真菌性角膜溃疡的治疗提供新的途径。     

Corneal ulceration due to Nocardia asteroides.

A case of corneal ulceration due to infection with Nocardia asteroides is described. Microbiological examination of corneal scrapings permitted accurate diagnosis and suggested appropriate therapy. Nineteen other cases that have been described in the world literature are reviewed.