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1.
G. Holstege L. Meiners K. Tan 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1985,58(2):379-391
Summary Injections of HRP in the nucleus raphe magnus and adjoining medial reticular formation in the cat resulted in many labeled neurons in the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) but not in the medial part of this nucleus. HRP injections in the nucleus raphe pallidus and in the C2 segment of the spinal cord did not result in labeled neurons in the BNST. Injections of 3H-leucine in the BNST resulted in many labeled fibers in the brain stem. Labeled fiber bundles descended by way of the medial forebrain bundle and the central tegmental field to the lateral tegmental field of pons and medulla. Dense BNST projections could be observed to the substantia nigra pars compacta, the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, the PAG (except its dorsolateral part), the cuneiform nucleus, the nucleus raphe dorsalis, the locus coeruleus, the nucleus subcoeruleus, the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei, the lateral tegmental field of caudal pons and medulla and the nucleus raphe magnus and adjoining medial reticular formation. Furthermore many labeled fibers were present in the solitary nucleus, and in especially the peripheral parts of the dorsal vagal nucleus. Finally some fibers could be traced in the marginal layer of the rostral part of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus. These projections appear to be virtually identical to the ones derived from the medial part of the central nucleus of the amygdala (Hopkins and Holstege 1978). The possibility that the BNST and the medial and central amygdaloid nuclei must be considered as one anatomical entity is discussed.Abbreviations AA
anterior amygdaloid nucleus
- AC
anterior commissure
- ACN
nucleus of the anterior commissure
- ACO
cortical amygdaloid nucleus
- AL
lateral amygdaloid nucleus
- AM
medial amygdaloid nucleus
- APN
anterior paraventricular thalamic nucleus
- AQ
cerebral aqueduct
- BC
brachium conjunctivum
- BIC
brachium of the inferior colliculus
- BL
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus
- BNSTL
lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
- BNSTM
medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
- BP
brachium pontis
- CA
central nucleus of the amygdala
- Cd
caudate nucleus
- CI
inferior colliculus
- CL
claustrum
- CN
cochlear nucleus
- CP
posterior commissure
- CR
corpus restiforme
- CSN
superior central nucleus
- CTF
central tegmental field
- CU
cuneate nucleus
- D
nucleus of Darkschewitsch
- EC
external cuneate nucleus
- F
fornix
- G
gracile nucleus
- GP
globus pallidus
- HL
lateral habenular nucleus
- IC
interstitial nucleus of Cajal
- ICA
internal capsule
- IO
inferior olive
- IP
interpeduncular nucleus
- LC
locus coeruleus
- LGN
lateral geniculate nucleus
- LP
lateral posterior complex
- LRN
lateral reticular nucleus
- MGN
medial geniculate nucleus
- MLF
medial longitudinal fascicle
- NAdg
dorsal group of nucleus ambiguus
- NPC
nucleus of the posterior commissure
- nV
trigeminal nerve
- nVII
facial nerve
- OC
optic chiasm
- OR
optic radiation
- OT
optic tract
- P
pyramidal tract
- PAG
periaqueductal grey
- PC
cerebral peduncle
- PO
posterior complex of the thalamus
- POA
preoptic area
- prV
principal trigeminal nucleus
- PTA
pretectal area
- Pu
putamen
- PUL
pulvinar nucleus
- R
red nucleus
- RF
reticular formation
- RM
nucleus raphe magnus
- RP
nucleus raphe pallidus
- RST
rubrospinal tract
- S
solitary nucleus
- SC
suprachiasmatic nucleus
- SCN
nucleus subcoeruleus
- SI
substantia innominata
- SM
stria medullaris
- SN
substantia nigra
- SO
superior olive
- SOL
solitary nucleus
- SON
supraoptic nucleus
- spV
spinal trigeminal nucleus
- spVcd
spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis
- ST
stria terminalis
- TRF
retroflex tract
- VC
vestibular complex
- VTA
ventral tegmental area of Tsai
- III
oculomotor nucleus
- Vm
motor trigeminal nucleus
- VI
abducens nucleus
- VII
facial nucleus
- Xd
dorsal vagal nucleus
- XII
hypoglossal nucleus 相似文献
2.
用HRP法研究了VDB的传入联系。结果表明VDB的背、腹侧部均接受下列结构的传入:斜角带核水平支、内侧隔核、扣带皮质、梨状皮质、内嗅皮质、海马、下丘脑外侧核、下丘脑后核、乳头体上核、杏仁内侧核、杏仁皮质核、杏仁基底核内侧及外侧部、室周核、中央灰质腹外侧部、中缝背核、中缝正中核、脚间核、臂旁背侧核、被盖腹侧区及蓝斑。此外,VDB背侧部还接受杏仁外侧核后部、被盖背核的腹侧部及外侧部、嗅前核、未定带及连接核的投射。偶见屏状核投射到VDB背侧部;VDB腹侧部还接受外侧缰核内侧部及杏仁前区的少量投射。 相似文献
3.
M. E. Anderson J. L. DeVito 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1987,68(2):260-276
Summary Potentially convergent inputs to cerebellar-receiving and basal ganglia-receiving areas of the thalamus were identified using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing techniques. HRP was deposited iontophoretically into the ventroanterior (VA), ventromedial (VM), and ventrolateral (VL) thalamic nuclei in the cat. The relative numbers of labeled neurons in the basal ganglia and the cerebellar nuclei were used to assess the extent to which the injection was in cerebellar-receiving or basal ganglia-receiving portions of thalamus. The rostral pole of VA showed reciprocal connections with prefrontal portions of the cerebral cortex. Only the basal ganglia and the hypothalamus provided non-thalamic input to modulate these cortico-thalamo-cortical loops. In VM, there were reciprocal connections with prefrontal, premotor, and insular areas of the cerebral cortex. The basal ganglia (especially the substantia nigra), and to a lesser extent, the posterior and ventral portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei, provided input to VM and may modulate these corticothalamo-cortical loops. The premotor cortical areas connected to VM include those associated with eye movements, and afferents from the superior colliculus, a region of documented importance in oculomotor control, also were labeled by injections into VM. The dorsolateral portion of the VA-VL complex primarily showed reciprocal connections with the medial premotor (area 6) cortex. Basal ganglia and cerebellar afferents both may modulate this cortico-thalamo-cortical loop, although they do not necessarily converge on the same thalamic neurons. The cerebellar input to dorsolateral VA-VL was from posterior and ventral portions of the cerebellar nuclei, and the major potential brainstem afferents to this region of thalamus were from the pretectum. Mid- and caudo-lateral portions of VL had reciprocal connections with primary motor cortex (area 4). The dorsal and anterior portions of the cerebellar nuclei had a dominant input to this corticothalamo-cortical loop. Potentially converging brainstem afferents to this portion of VL were from the pretectum, especially pretectal areas to which somatosensory afferents project.List of Abbreviations AC
central amygdaloid nucleus
- AL
lateral amygdaloid nucleus
- AM
anteromedial thalamic nucleus
- AV
anteroventral thalamic nucleus
- BC
brachium conjunctivum
- BIC
brachium of the inferior colliculus
- Cd
caudate nucleus
- CL
centrolateral thalamic nucleus
- CM
centre median nucleus
- CP
cerebral peduncle
- CUN
cuneate nucleus
- DBC
decussation of the brachium conjunctivum
- DR
dorsal raphe nuclei
- EC
external cuneate nucleus
- ENTO
entopeduncular nucleus
- FN
fastigial nucleus
- FX
fornix
- GP
globus pallidus
- GR
gracile nucleus
- IC
internal capsule
- ICP
inferior cerebellar peduncle
- IP
interpeduncular nucleus
- IVN
inferior vestibular nucleus
- LD
lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus
- LGN
lateral geniculate nucleus
- LH
lateral hypothalamus
- LP
lateral posterior thalamic complex
- LRN
lateral reticular nucleus
- LVN
lateral vestibular nucleus
- MB
mammillary body
- MD
mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
- MG
medial geniculate nucleus
- ML
medial lemniscus
- MLF
medial lengitudinal fasciculus
- MT
mammillothalamic tract
- MVN
medial vestibular nucleus
- NDBB
nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca
- NIA
anterior nucleus interpositus
- NIP
posterior nucleus interpositus
- OD
optic decussation
- OT
optic tract
- PAC
paracentral thalamic nucleus
- PPN
pedunculopontine region
- PRO
gyrus proreus
- PRT
pretectal region
- PT
pyramidal tract
- PTA
anterior pretectal region
- PTM
medial pretectal region
- PTO
olivary pretectal nucleus
- PTP
poterior pretectal region
- Pul
pulvinar nucleus
- Put
putamen
- RF
reticular formation
- RN
red nucleus
- Rt
reticular complex of the thalamus
- S
solitary tract
- SCi
superior colliculus, intermediate gray
- SN
substantia nigra
- ST
subthalamic nucleus
- VA
ventroanterior thalamic nucleus
- VB
ventrobasal complex
- VL
ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
- VM
ventromedial thalamic nucleus
- III
oculomotor nucleus
- IIIn
oculomotor nerve
- 5S
spinal trigeminal nucleus
- 5T
spinal trigeminal tract
- VII
facial nucleus 相似文献
4.
Dr. N. L. Hayes A. Rustioni 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1981,41(2):89-107
Summary Single and double retrograde tracer techniques were employed in cats to investigate: (1) the topographical relationships between supraspinal neurons projecting to either the brachial or lumbosacral enlargement, (2) the distribution and relative frequency of single supraspinal neurons which project to both enlargements by means of axonal branching.In one group of cats large injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made throughout either the brachial or lumbosacral enlargement. The results from these experiments support recent observations on the multiplicity of brainstem centers giving origin to descending spinal pathways and provide evidence for a population of corticospinal neurons in area 6.In a second set of experiments, HRP was injected in one enlargement, and 3H-apo-HRP (enzymatically inactive) was injected in the other enlargement. Relatively large numbers of neurons with collateral projections to both enlargements (double-labeled) were observed in the medullary and pontine reticular formation, the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei bilaterally, the ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, caudal midline raphe nuclei and nuclear regions surrounding the brachium conjunctivum. By contrast, double-labeled neurons were infrequently observed in the red nucleus and sensorimotor cortex, contralateral to the injections.In the red nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus and sensorimotor cortex, neurons projecting to the brachial enlargement were largely segregated topographically from neurons projecting to the lumbosacral enlargement. However, there was some overlap, and double-labeled neurons were consistently observed within the region of overlap. In the sensorimotor cortex, the overlap between brachial- and lumbar-projecting neurons was most prominent in areas 4 and 3a, along the cruciate sulcus, but also involved other cytoarchitectonic regions in the medial aspect of the hemisphere.Abbreviations AM
nucleus ambiguus
- ap
area postrema
- aq
aqueduct
- BC
brachium conjunctivum
- ci
central inferior nucleus of the raphe
- cs
central superior nucleus of the raphe
- Cun
cuneate nucleus
- EC
external cuneate nucleus
- EW
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
- ETC
central tegmental field
- FTG
gigantocellular tegmental field
- FTL
lateral tegmental field
- FTM
magnocellular tegmental field
- FTP
paralemniscal tegmental field
- Gr
gracile nucleus
- IO
inferior olive
- K-F
Kölliker-Fuse nucleus
- LC
nucleus locus coeruleus
- li
rostral linear nucleus of the raphe
- LR
lateral reticular nucleus
- mlf
medial longitudinal fasciculus
- PAG
periaqueductal gray
- PbL
lateral parabrachial nucleus
- PG
pontine gray
- PON
preolivary nucleus
- ppr
post-pyramidal nucleus of the raphe
- RB
restiform body
- RNm
red nucleus, magnocellular division
- RNp
red nucleus, parvocellular division
- SC
superior colliculus
- SN
substantia nigra
- SOl
lateral nucleus of the superior olive
- SOm
medial nucleus of the superior olive
- Spin V
spinal trigeminal nucleus
- SubC
nucleus subcoeruleus
- TB
trapezoid body
- tb
nucleus of the trapezoid body
- trm
tegmental reticular nucleus
- VInf
inferior vestibular nucleus
- VLd
lateral vestibular nucleus, dorsal division
- VLv
lateral vestibular nucleus, ventral division
- VM
medial vestibular nucleus
- VSm
superior vestibular nucleus, medial division
Cranial Nerves and their Nuclei III
oculomotor nucleus or nerve
- V
sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
- VI
abducens nucleus
- VII I
facial nucleus, lateral part
- VII m
facial nucleus, medial part
- X
vagus nucleus
- XII
hypoglossal nucleus
The research was supported by USPHS grants NS 12440 and MH 14277. 3H-apo-HRP was generously provided by New England Nuclear 相似文献
5.
Dr. R. Spreafico C. Kirk S. Franceschetti G. Avanzini 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1980,40(2):209-220
Summary The present experiments were undertaken to define the areas of projection of pretectum and superior colliculus to the pulvinar and n. lateralis posterior, respectively, and to define other brain stem structures projecting to these thalamic nuclei in cats. For this purpose the technique of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used.After injection of the enzyme in the pulvinar, neurons were labeled in all subdivisions of the pretectal area. The majority of the labeled cells were located in the n. pretectalis posterior and n. tractus opticus although cells filled with HRP were present also in the n. pretectalis anterior pars compacta and area pretectalis medialis. Neurons projecting to the pulvinar were also found in the periaqueductal gray, reticular formation and locus coeruleus.When HRP was injected in the n. lateralis posterior, labeled neurons were present in the II and III subdivisions of the second layer of the superior colliculus. The location of these cells shifted from medial to lateral as the injections were shifted from posterior to anterior within the lateralis posterior. Neurons projecting to this nucleus were also present in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus, lateral hypothalamus and parabigeminal nucleus.The possible role of the pretectal area and superior colliculus in mediating somesthetic input to the pulvinar and lateralis posterior, respectively, and the role of these structures in the control of ocular movements, are discussed.Abbreviations APM
area pretectalis medialis
- Cu
nucleus cuneiformis
- CS
nucleus centralis superior
- fr
fasciculus retroflexus
- Gp
pontine gray
- Hb
nucleus habenulae
- IC
inferior colliculus
- LC
locus coeruleus
- LGB
lateral geniculate body
- LP
lateralis posterior
- MGB
medial geniculate body
- nPAc
nucleus pretectalis anterior pars compacta
- nPAr
nucleus pretectalis anterior pars reticularis
- nPC
nucleus posterior commissurae
- nPP
nucleus pretectalis posterior
- nTO
nucleus tractus opticus
- PAG
periaqueductal gray
- PB
nucleus parabigeminalis
- Pi
pulvinar inferior
- PO
nucleus posterior of the thalamus
- Pul
pulvinar
- Pt
pretectum
- RF
reticular formation
- Rtp
tegmental reticular nucleus
- SC
superior colliculus
Supported by H. de Jur Foundation and USPHS Grant TWO 2718Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Postfach 968, D-3400 Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany 相似文献
6.
Dr. I. A. Ilinsky K. Kultas-Ilinsky 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1984,54(1):95-106
Summary Injections of 3H-leucine were made in the entopeduncular nucleus or dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in eight cats. The terminal projection zones of both pathways in the thalamus were studied using the sagittal plane and their relationships to one another as well as to cytoarchitectural boundaries of thalamic nuclei were compared. The data indicate that the territories controlled by the two projection systems are almost entirely segregated. The segregation is mainly along the antero-posterior axis as the main pallidal projection zone occupies the medio-ventral VA while the main dentate projection zone lies posterior to it in the VL. Furthermore, the dorsolateral part of the VA not occupied by pallidal projections receives dentate projections. In the VM, both afferent systems terminate in the lateral part of the nucleus with pallidal territory located anteriorly and dentate territory located posteriorly, again without overlap. As the delineations of nuclear subdivisions in the ventral thalamus of the cat have been a subject of some controversy, it is suggested that the boundaries of the VA, VL and VM in the cat thalamus be defined on the basis of basal ganglia and cerebellar projection zones.Abbreviations used in the Text and in Fig. 5 AM
anterior medial nucleus
- AV
anterior ventral nucleus
- BC
brachium conjunctivum
- CA
anterior commissure
- CC
crus cerebri
- CP
posterior commissure
- CD
caudate nucleus
- CE
centrum medianum
- CLN
central lateral nucleus
- DN
dentate nucleus
- EPN
entopeduncular nucleus
- FF
Forel's field
- FN
fastigial nucleus
- FR
fasciculus retroflexus
- HL
lateral habenular nucleus
- HM
medial habenular nucleus
- INA
anterior interposite nucleus
- INP
posterior interposite nucleus
- IC
internal capsule
- LD
lateral dorsal nucleus
- LG
lateral geniculate body
- MD
medial dorsal nucleus
- MTT
mamillothalamic tract
- NR
red nucleus
- OT
optic tract
- PAC
paracentral nucleus
- PF
parafascicular nucleus
- PV
pulvinar
- RT
reticular thalamic nucleus
- SM
submedian nucleus
- SN
substantia nigra
- SNr
substantia nigra pars reticularis
- STN
subthalamic nucleus
- VF
ventral posterior nucleus
- VA
ventral anterior nucleus
- VL
ventral lateral nucleus
- VM
ventral medial nucleus
- ZI
zona incerta
Supported in part by a grant from the American Parkinson Disease Association and NIH grant R01NS19280 相似文献
7.
X. -B. Liu E. G. Jones G. W. Huntley M. Molinari 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1989,78(3):479-488
Summary Immunocytochemistry of fetal and adult monkey thalamus reveals a dense concentration of tachykinin immunoreactive fibers and terminals in the dorsolateral part of the VPM nucleus in which the contralateral side of the head, face and mouth is represented. The immunoreactive fibers enter the VPM nucleus from the thalamic fasciculus and electron microscopy reveals that they form large terminals resembling those of lemniscal axons and terminating in VPM on dendrites of relay neurons and on presynaptic dendrites of interneurons. Double labeling strategies involving immunostaining for tachykinins after retrograde labeling of brainstem neurons projecting to the VPM failed to reveal the origin of the fibers. The brainstem trigeminal nuclei, however, are regarded as the most likely sources of the VPM-projecting, tachykinin positive fibers.Abbreviations AB
ambiguus nucleus
- AN
abducens nucleus
- C
cuneate nucleus
- CD
dorsal cochlear nucleus
- CL
central lateral nucleus
- CM
centre médian nucleus
- D
dendrite
- DR
dorsal raphe
- DV
dorsal vagal nucleus
- EC
external cuneate nucleus
- FM
medial longitudinal fasciculus
- FN
facial nucleus
- G
gracile nucleus
- Gc
gigantocellular reticular formation
- HN
hypoglossal nucleus
- ICP
inferior cerebellar peduncle
- IO
inferior olivary complex
- LC
locus coeruleus
- LL
lateral lemniscus
- LM
medial lemniscus
- M5
motor trigeminal nucleus
- NS
solitary nucleus
- OS
superior olivary complex
- P
dendritic protrusion
- Pb
parabrachial nucleus
- Pc
parvocellular reticular formation
- PLa
anterior pulvinar nucleus
- Pp
prepositus hypoglossi nucleus
- Ps
presynaptic region
- Py
pyramidal tract
- P5
principal sensory trigeminal nucleus
- R
reticular nucleus
- RF
reticular formation
- RL
lateral reticular nucleus
- S5
spinal trigeminal nucleus
- T
terminal
- T5
spinal trigeminal tract
- VL
lateral vestibular nucleus
- VM
medial vestibular nucleus
- VMb
basal ventral medial nucleus
- VPI
ventral posterior inferior nucleus
- VPL
ventral posterior lateral nucleus
- VPM
ventral posterior medial nucleus
- VR
ventral raphe
- VS
superior vestibular nucleus
- VSp
spinal vestibular nucleus
- ZI
zona incerta
- 5
trigeminal nerve
- 6
abducens nerve
- 7
facial nerve 相似文献
8.
Z. R. Rao M. Yamano S. Shiosaka A. Shinohara M. Tohyama 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1987,65(2):411-420
Summary The destruction of th central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce), which contains a large group of neurons with leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK)-like immunoreactivity (L-ENKI), resulted in a marked ipsilateral reduction of these fibers in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) suggesting that L-ENKI neurons in the Ce project ipsilaterally to the BST. This was supported by the finding that injection of biotin-wheat germ agglutinin into the BST labeled many neurons in the Ce. Simultaneous staining with antiserum showed that some of these neurons are L-ENKI. The L-ENKI fibers from the Ce reach the BST via two pathways; one from the ventral amygdalofugal pathway (VA), which terminate in the ventral subdivision of the BST pars lateralis (BSTL), and the other from the stria terminalis (ST), which terminates in the lateral subdivision of the BSTL, because (1) accumulation of L-ENKI structures appeared in the axons of these two systems on the amygdaloid side, (2) transection or destruction of the ST alone caused only a slight reduction of ENKI fibers in the lateral subdivision of the BSTL ipsilaterally and (3) transection or destruction of VA alone markedly reduced the number of L-ENKI fibers in the ventral subdivision of the ipsilateral BSTL. Thus, the VA L-ENKI fiber system is the major source of L-ENKI fibers in the ventral subdivision, while the ST L-ENKI fiber system is a minor source of the L-ENKI fibers in the lateral subdivision. The presence of an intrinsic L-ENKI system in the BST which may innervate the lateral subdivision was also suggested.Abbreviations used in Figures ac
anterior commissure
- AHy
anterior hypothalamic nucleus
- AM
anteromedial thalamic nucleus
- AV
anteroventral thalamic nucleus
- BST
bed nucleus of stria terminalis
- BSTL
BST pars lateralis
- BSTM
BST pars medialis
- Ce
central amygdaloid nucleus
- f
fornix
- GP
globus pallidus
- HDB
horizontal limb of diagonal band of Broca
- ic
internal capsule
- l
lateral subdivision of the BSTL
- LH
lateral hypothalamus
- LPO
lateral preoptic area
- LS
lateral septal nucleus
- m
medial subdivision of the BSTL
- Mfb
medial forebrain bundle
- MPO
medial preoptic area
- MS
medial septal nucleus
- ox
optic chiasma
- Re
reuniens thalamic nucleus
- Rt
reticular thalamic nucleus
- SI
substantia innominata
- sm
stria medularis thalami
- st
stria terminalis
- v
ventral subdivision of the BSTL
- va
ventral amygdalofugal pathway
- VDB
vertical limb of diagonal band of Broca
- VP
ventral pallium
- 2n
optic nerve
- 3v
third ventricle 相似文献
9.
Anterograde tracing studies were conducted in order to identify efferents from the arcuate nucleus, which contains the hypothalamic opiocortin neuronal pool. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was stereotaxically iontophoresed into the arcuate nucleus and the terminal fields emanating from the labelled perikarya were identified immunocytochemically. PHA-L-immunoreactive (-ir) fibers were identified in nucleus accumbens, lateral septal nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial and lateral preoptic areas, anterior hypothalamus, amygdaloid complex, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, zona incerta, dorsal hypothalamus, periventricular gray, medial thalamus and medial habenula. In the brainstem, arcuate terminals were identified in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), nucleus raphe pallidus, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha, nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Dual immunostaining was used to identify the neurochemical content of neurons in arcuate terminal fields in the brainstem. Arcuate fiber terminals established putative contacts with serotonergic neurons in the ventrolateral PAG, DRN and NRM and with noradrenergic neurons in periventricular gray, PAG and locus coeruleus. In the PAG, arcuate fibers terminated in areas with neurons immunoreactive to substance P, neurotensin, enkephalin and cholecystokinin (CCK) and putative contacts were identified with CCK-ir cells. This study provides neuroanatomical evidence that putative opiocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus influence a descending system which modulates nociception. 相似文献
10.
Summary The termination of the fibers from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) to the midbrain has been investigated in the cat with the degeneration method, the anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method and autoradiography after 3H-leucine injections. The results show that the DCN project to several midbrain regions. The external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (IX) receives the heaviest projection from both the gracile and cuneate nuclei. The DCN fibers form three joint terminal zones in IX. Each terminal zone contains clusters with dense aggregations of DCN fibers. Fairly dense terminal networks are found in the posterior pretectal nucleus (PP) and the compact part of the anterior pretectal nucleus (PAc) as well. More scattered DCN fibers are present in the cuneiform nucleus (CF), the lateral part of the periaqueductal gray (PAG1), the red nucleus (NR), the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (B), the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) and the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus (SI, SP). The projections to all regions are mainly contralateral. Most of the few ipsilateral fibers terminate in IX.A somatotopic organization was seen in IX and NR. The gracile fibers terminate preferentially in the caudal and lateral part of IX and the cuneate ones preferentially in its rostral and medial part. In the red nucleus the gracile fibers terminate ventral to the cuneate ones. In the pretectal region there was a predominance for gracile fibers. There also appeared to be quantitative differences in the projections from various levels of the gracile nucleus, with more midbrain projecting fibers originating in the rostral than in the middle and caudal parts of the nucleus. 相似文献
11.
本实验选用150~260g的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠13只,把WGA-HRP/HRP混合水溶液加压注入一侧终纹床核群前外侧区的卵圆核区域,冰冻切片,TMB法呈色后,在中枢看到顺行标记终末最密集的部位是:下丘脑后部外侧区、中央杏仁核、中脑中央灰质、臂旁核、三叉神经中脑核、蓝斑;比较多的部位是视前区、下丘脑室周区、弓状核、丘脑中线核群、内侧纽核、腹侧背盖核、脚桥背盖核、中脑网状结构、中缝背核以及迷走神经复合体;在线形中缝核、中央上核、腹侧背盖区、黑质,以及延髓中介核,也看到少量标记终末。本工作对卵圆核的传出纤维联系,进行了较全面的观察。 相似文献
12.
J. L. DeVito Ph.D. M. E. Anderson K. E. Walsh 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1980,38(1):65-73
Summary The high tonic discharge rates of globus pallidus neurons in awake monkeys suggest that these neurons may receive some potent excitatory input. Because most current electrophysiological evidence suggests that the major described pallidal afferent systems from the neostriatum are primarily inhibitory, we used retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to identify possible additional sources of pallidal afferent fibers. The appropriate location was determined before HRP injection by mapping the characteristic high frequency discharge of single pallidal units in awake animals. In animals with injections confined to the internal pallidal segment, retrograde label was seen in neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, substantia nigra, caudate, putamen, subthalamic nucleus, parafascicular nucleus, zona incerta, medial and lateral subthalamic tegmentum, parabrachial nuclei, and locus coeruleus. An injection involving the external pallidal segment and the putamen as well resulted in additional labeling of cells in centromedian nucleus, pulvinar, and the ventromedial thalamus.Abbreviations AC
anterior commissure
- CG
central grey
- CM
centromedian nucleus
- CN
caudate nucleus
- DM
dorsomedial nucleus
- DR
dorsal raphe nucleus
- DSCP
decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
- GPe
globus pallidus, external segment
- GPi
globus pallidus, internal segment
- LC
locus coeruleus
- LL
lateral lemniscus
- MG
medial geniculate nucleus
- ML
medial lemniscus
- NVI
abducens nucleus
- OT
optic tract
- Pbl
lateral parabrachial nucleus
- Pbm
medial parabrachial nucleus
- Pf
parafascicular nucleus
- PPN
pedunculopontine nucleus
- PuO
oral pulvinar nucleus
- RN
red nucleus
- SCP
superior cerebellar peduncle
- SI
substantia innominata
- SNc
substantia nigra, pars compacta
- SNr
substantia nigra, pars reticulata
- STN
subthalamic nucleus
- TMT
mamillothalamic tract
- VA
ventral anterior nucleus
- VLc
ventral lateral nucleus, pars caudalis
- VLm
ventral lateral nucleus, pars medialis
- VLo
ventral lateral nucleus, pars oralis
- VPI
ventral posterior inferior nucleus
- VPM
ventral posterior medial nucleus
- VPLc
ventral posterior lateral nucleus, pars caudalis
- ZI
zona incerta 相似文献
13.
R.P. Vertes 《Neuroscience》1984,11(3):651-668
The origins of projections within the medial forebrain bundle from the lower brainstem were examined with the horseradish peroxidase technique. Labeled cells were found in at least 15 lower brainstem nuclei following injections of a conjugate or horseradish peroxidase and wheat germ agglutinin at various levels of the medial forebrain bundle. Dense labeling was observed in the following cell groups (from caudal to rostral): A1 (above the lateral reticular nucleus); A2 (mainly within the nucleus of the solitary tract); a distinct group of cell trailing ventrolaterally from the medial longitudinal fasciculus at the level of the rostral pole of the inferior olive; raphe magnus; nucleus incertus; dorsolateral tegmental nucleus (of Castaldi); locus coeruleus; nucleus subcoeruleus; caudal part of the dorsal (lateral) parabrachial nucleus; and raphe pontis. Distinct but light labeling was seen in raphe pallidus and obscurus, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, nucleus gigantocellularis pars ventralis, and the ventral (medial) parabrachial nucleus. Sparse labeling was observed throughout the medullary and caudal pontine reticular formation. Several lower brainstem nuclei were found to send strong projections along the medial forebrain bundle to very anterior levels of the forebrain. They were: A1, A2, raphe magnus (rostral part), nucleus incertus, dorsolateral tegmental nucleus, raphe pontis and locus coeruleus. With the exception of the locus coeruleus, attention has only recently been directed to the ascending projections of most of the nuclei mentioned above. Evidence was reviewed indicating that fibers from lower brainstem nuclei with ascending medial forebrain bundle projections distribute to widespread regions of the forebrain.It is concluded from the present findings that several medullary cell groups are capable of exerting a direct effect on the forebrain and that the medial forebrain bundle is the major ascending link between the lower brainstem and the forebrain. 相似文献
14.
T. Hirai E. G. Jones 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1988,71(2):329-344
Summary A double labeling method that permits accurate delineation of the terminals of medial lemniscal fibers was used to determine whether thalamic neurons projecting to motor cortex in the cat are in a position to be contacted by such terminals. Thalamic neurons in the VL nucleus were retrogradely labeled by injections of fluorogold placed in the cytoarchitectonically defined area 4, while lemniscal axons and their terminal boutons were anterogradely labeled, in a Golgi-like manner, from injections of Fast Blue placed under physiological control in different parts of the contralateral dorsal column nuclei. In additional experiments, spinothalamic fibers were similarly labeled by injections of Fast Blue in the spinal cord. The results reveal that there is no significant overlap in the distributions of lemniscal terminals and motor cortex-projecting neurons and that no somata or proximal dendrites of motor cortex-projecting neurons are in a position to receive lemniscal terminals. Spinothalamic terminals, on the other hand, end in clusters around motor cortex-projecting neurons in the VL nucleus as well as in other nuclei and are a more likely route for short latency somatosensory inputs to the motor cortex.Abbreviations AD
anterodorsal nucleus
- AM
anteromedial nucleus
- AP
area postrema
- AV
anteroventral nucleus
- C
cuneate nucleus
- CeM
central medial nucleus
- CL
central lateral nucleus
- CM
centre médian nucleus
- EC
external cuneate nucleus
- G
gracile nucleus
- L
limitans nucleus
- LD
lateral dorsal nucleus
- LP
lateral posterior nucleus
- MGM
magnocellular medial geniculate nucleus
- MD
mediodorsal nucleus
- MTT
mamillothalamic tract
- MV
medioventral nucleus
- Pc
paracentral nucleus
- Pf
parafascicular nucleus
- Po
posterior nuclei
- R
reticular nucleus
- RF
fasciculus retroflexus
- S
solitary nucleus
- SG
suprageniculate nucleus
- T
spinal trigeminal nucleus
- VA
ventral anterior nucleus
- VIN
vestibular nuclei
- VL
ventral lateral nucleus
- VMb
basal ventral medial nucleus
- VMp
principal ventral medial nucleus
- VPL
ventral posterior lateral nucleus
- VPM
ventral posterior medial nucleus
- ZI
zona incerta
- 1,2,3a,3b,4
fields of cerebral cortex
- C4, C5, C6
spinal cord segments
- 5SP,5ST
spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract
- 10, 12
vagal and hypoglossal nuclei 相似文献
15.
Dr. D. A. Pasquier M. J. Villar 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1982,48(3):409-419
Summary The subcortical projections to the lateral geniculate body (LGB) in the rat were studied by means of discrete HRP iontophoretic deposits in the dorsal or the ventral LGB; the labelling was compared to that resulting from HRP deposits in neighboring nuclei.After injecting HRP in the dorsal LGB, labelled cells appeared bilaterally in the ventral LGB, pretectum, superior colliculus, lateral groups of the dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus. Ipsilaterally, labelled cells were found in the lateral posterior thalamus, nucleus of the posterior commissure and deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus.After injecting HRP into the ventral LGB, labelled cells were observed bilaterally in the pretectum, superior colliculus and dorsal raphe nucleus (lateral groups). Contralateral labelling appeared in the ventral LGB and parabigeminal nucleus. Ipsilateral labelling was found in the zona incerta, lateral posterior thalamus, lateral and medial mesencephalic reticular formation, vestibular and dorsal tegmental nuclei.These findings provide evidence of subcortical projections to the LGB arising in visually-related areas as well as extravisual areas, which might be related to the LGB boutons that survive complete cortical and retinal ablations. 相似文献
16.
Summary Descending brainstem projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) were studied in the rat by use of the anterograde tracerPhaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and the retrograde tracer lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP-WGA). Results of these experiments demonstrated prominent bilateral projections to the pontomedullary reticular nuclei, but direct connections to the motor and sensory nuclei of the cranial nerves could not be ascertained. The PPN fibers terminated mainly in the pontine reticular nuclei oralis and caudalis and in ventromedial portions (pars alpha and pars ventralis) of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. A smaller number of labeled fibers distributed to more dorsal regions of the gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular, ventral reticular nucleus of the medulla and lateral reticular nucleus. Although a significant number of PHA-L labeled fibers was seen in two cases in the contralateral medial portion of the facial nucleus, and all cases exhibited a sparse predominantly ipsilateral projection to the lateral facial motor neurons, the retrograde tracing experiments have revealed that these facial afferents originated in the nuclei surrounding the PPN. The results are discussed in the context of PPN involvement in motor functions. It is suggested that the PPN may participate in a complex network involved in the orienting reflex.Abbreviations
Am
ambiguus nucleus
-
AP
area postrema
-
Ac 7
accessory facial nucleus
-
asc 7
ascending fibers, facial nerve
-
CG
central gray
-
Cnf
cuneiform nucleus
-
Cu
cuneate nucleus
-
cp
cerebral peduncle
-
g7
germ facial nerve
-
Gi
gigantocellular reticular nucleus
-
GiA
gigantocellular reticular nucleus, pars alpha
-
GiV
gigantocellular reticular nucleus, pars ventralis
-
Gr
gracile nucleus
-
IC
inferior colliculus
-
icp
inferior cerebellar peduncle
-
IO
inferior olive
-
IRt
intermediate reticular nucleus
-
KF
Kölliker-Fuse nucleus
-
LC
locus coeruleus
-
ll
lateral lemniscus
-
vsc
ventral spinocerebellar tract
-
xscp
decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
-
3
oculomotor nucleus
-
4
trochlear nucleus
-
6
abducens nucleus
-
5n
trigeminal nerve
-
7
facial nucleus
-
7n
facial nerve
-
10
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
-
12
hypoglossal nucleus
-
MPB
medial parabrachial nucleus
-
MVe
medial vestibular nucleus
-
PCRt
parvicellular reticular nucleus
-
PN
pontine nucleus
-
PPNe
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, pars compacta
-
PPNd
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, pars dissipata
-
Pr5
principal sensory trigeminal nucleus
-
py
pyramidal tract
-
pyx
pyramidal decussation
-
Rmes
mesencephalic reticular nucleus
-
RN
red nucleus
-
RPc
reticularis pontis caudalis nucleus
-
Rpo
reticularis pontis oralis nucleus
-
RR
retrorubral nucleus
-
RRF
retrorubral field rs rubrospinal tract
-
SC
superior colliculus
-
scp
superior cerebellar peduncle
-
LPB
lateral parabrachial nucleus
-
LPGi
lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus
-
LRt
lateral reticular nucleus
-
LSO
lateral superior olive
-
LVe
lateral vestibular nucleus
-
MdD
medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal
-
MdV
medullary reticular nucleus, ventral
-
Me5
mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
-
me5
mesencephalic trigeminal tract
-
ml
medial lemniscus
-
mlf
medial longitudinal fasciculus
-
Mo5
motor trigeminal nucleus
-
SNc
substantia nigra, pars compacta
-
SNr
substantia nigra, pars reticulata
-
SO
superior olive
-
Sol
nucleus of the solitary tract
-
sol
solitary tract
-
sp5
spinal trigeminal tract
-
Sp5o
spinal trigeminal nucleus, pars oralis
-
SPTg
subpeduncular tegmental nucleus
-
SpVe
spinal vestibular nucleus
-
Tz
nucleus of the trapezoid body
-
tz
trapezoid body
-
VLL
ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
This paper is dedicated to Professor Fred Walberg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. 相似文献
17.
应用WGA-HRP顺行轴突运输研究大鼠视前内侧区传出性神经纤维投射。结果表明:视前内侧区的上行投射向嘴侧经斜角带进入外侧隔核;经髓纹进入缰核;经无名质进入杏仁前区及经终纹进入杏仁内侧核,另有标记纤维经内侧前脑束向外下行,经视束上方进入杏仁内侧核。下行投射经内侧前脑束进入下丘脑室旁核、外侧区、内侧核、后核、弓状核、乳头体前腹核和乳头体上核。继续向尾侧,标记纤维进入中脑腹侧背盖区,并投射到中缝正中核及中缝背核。 相似文献
18.
M. Takada K. Itoh Y. Yasui T. Sugimoto N. Mizuno 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1985,60(2):385-396
Summary Projections from the posterior thalamic regions to the striatum were studied in the cat by the anterograde tracing method after injecting wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA-HRP) into the caudalmost regions of the lateroposterior thalamic nucleus (caudal LP), suprageniculate nucleus (Sg) and magnocellular division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGm). The results were further confirmed by the retrograde tracing method after injecting WGA-HRP into the regions of the caudate nucleus (Cd) and putamen (Put) where afferent fibers from the caudal LP, Sg and MGm were distributed. Fibers from the MGm, Sg or caudal LP were distributed mainly in the medial, middle or lateral part of the caudal half of the putamen (caudal Put), respectively. Although there was a considerable overlap, thalamostriatal fibers from the caudal LP terminated more caudally than those from the MGm. On the other hand, thalamocaudate fibers from the MGm, Sg and lateral part of the caudal LP overlapped with each other in the ventrolateral part of the caudal half of the caudate nucleus (caudal Cd). Fibers from the medial part of the caudal LP were distributed in the ventral part of the caudal Cd. In the superior colliculus (SC) of the cats with WGA-HRP injections in the caudal LP, retrogradely labeled neuronal cell bodies were mainly seen ipsilaterally in the superficial SC layer, and simultaneously, anterogradely labeled axon terminals were observed in the striatum. On the other hand, when WGA-HRP was injected into the Sg or MGm, labeled SC neurons were mainly located in the intermediate and deep SC layers. Thus, ascending impulses from the superficial SC layer may possibly be conveyed ipsilaterally via the caudal LP to the ventral and ventrolateral parts of the caudal Cd and the lateral part of the caudal Put, whereas those from the intermediate and deep SC layers may be relayed via the Sg and/or MGm to the ventrolateral part of the caudal Cd and the middle and medial parts of the caudal Put.Abbreviations AC
anterior commissure
- Am
amygdaloid nucleus
- Cd
caudate nucleus
- Ce
centromedial nucleus
- CL
centrolateral nucleus
- Cl
claustrum
- CM-Pf
centre médian-parafascicular complex
- CP
cerebral peduncle
- d
deep SC layer
- EC
external capsule
- Ep
entopeduncular nucleus
- GP
globus pallidus
- i
intermediate SC layer
- IC
internal capsule
- Ip
interpeduncular nucleus
- LG
lateral geniculate nucleus
- LP
lateroposterior nucleus
- MD
mediodorsal nucleus
- MG
medial geniculate nucleus
- MGm
magnocellular division of MG
- MGp
principal division of MG
- NBIC
nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus
- O
oculomotor nucleus
- OT
optic tract
- Pom
medial division of posterior group of thalamus
- Pt
pretectum
- Pul
pulvinar nucleus
- Put
putamen
- Pv
paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
- R
reticular nucleus of thalamus
- Rh
rhomboid nucleus
- RN
red nucleus
- s
superficial SC layer
- SC
superior colliculus
- Sg
suprageniculate nucleus
- SN
substantia nigra
- SNpc
pars compacta of SN
- SNpr
pars reticulata of SN
- V
lateral ventricle
- VA
ventroanterior nucleus
- VL
ventrolateral nucleus
- VM
ventromedial nucleus
- WGA-HRP
wheat germ agglutinin-HRP conjugate 相似文献
19.
G. Holstege R. J. Cowie 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1989,75(2):265-279
Summary Eye and head movements are strongly interconnected, because they both play an important role in accurately determining the direction of the visual field. The rostral brainstem includes two areas which contain neurons that participate in the control of both movement and position of the head and eyes. These regions are the caudal third of Field H of Forel, including the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal with adjacent reticular formation (INC-RF). Lesions in the caudal Field H of Forel in monkey and man result in vertical gaze paralysis. Head tilt to the opposite side and inability to maintain vertical eye position follow lesions in the INC-RF in cat and monkey. Projections from these areas to extraocular motoneurons has previously been observed. We reported a study of the location of neurons in Field H of Forel and INC-RF that project to spinal cord in cat. The distribution of these fiber projections to the spinal cord are described. The results indicate that: 1. Unlike the neurons projecting to the extra-ocular muscle motoneurons, the major portion of the spinally projecting neurons are not located in the riMLF or INC proper but in adjacent areas, i.e. the ventral and lateral parts of the caudal third of the Field H of Forel and in the INCRF. A few neurons were also found in the nucleus of the posterior commissure and ventrally adjoining reticular formation. 2. Neurons in caudal Field H of Forel project, via the ventral part of the ventral funiculus, to the lateral part of the upper cervical ventral horn. This area includes the laterally located motoneuronal cell groups, innervating cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius and splenius motoneurons. At lower cervical levels labeled fibers are distributed to the medial part of the ventral horn. Projections from the caudal Field H of Forel to thoracic or more caudal spinal levels are sparse. 3. Neurons in the INC-RF, together with a few neurons in the area of the nucleus of the posterior commissure, project bilaterally to the medial part of the upper cervical ventral horn, via the dorsal part of the ventral funiculus. This area includes motoneurons innervating prevertebral flexor muscles and some of the motoneurons of the biventer cervicis and complexus muscles. Further caudally, labeled fibers are distributed to the medial part of the ventral horn (laminae VIII and adjoining VII) similar to the projections of Field H of Forel. A few INC-RF projections were observed to low thoracic and lumbosacral levels. It is argued that the neurons in the caudal Field H of Forel, which project to the spinal cord are especially involved in the control of those fast vertical head movements which occur in conjunction with saccadic eye movements. In contrast the INC-RF projections to the spinal cord are responsible for slower, smaller movements controlling the position of the head in the vertical plane.Abbreviations Aq
aquaduct of Sylvius
- BIC
brachium of the inferior colliculus
- CGL
lateral geniculate body
- CGLd
lateral geniculate body (dorsal part)
- CGLv
lateral geniculate body (ventral part)
- CGM
medial geniculate body
- CGMd
medial geniculate body, dorsal part
- CGMint
medial geniculate body, interior division
- CGMp
medial geniculate body, principal part
- CM
centromedian thalamic nucleus
- CP
posterior commissure
- CS
superior colliculus
- D
nucleus of Darkschewitsch
- EW
nucleus Edinger-Westphal
- F
fornix
- FR/fRF
fasciculus retroflexus
- Hab
habenular nucleus
- HPA
posterior hypothalamus area
- HT
hypothalamus
- IN
interpeduncular nucleus
- INC
interstitial nucleus of Cajal
- LD
nucleus lateralis dorsalis of the thalamus
- LHA
lateral hypothalamic area
- LP
lateral posterior nucleus
- LV
lateral ventricle
- MB
mammillary body
- MC
nucleus medialis centralis of the thalamus
- MD
nucleus medialis dorsalis of the thalamus
- ML
medial lemniscus
- MTN
medial terminal nucleus
- ND
nucleus of Darkschewitsch
- NOT
nucleus of the optic tract
- NOTL
lateral nucleus of the optic tract
- NOTM
medial nucleus of the optic tract
- OL
olivary pretectal nucleus
- OT
optic tract
- PAG
periaqueductal gray
- PC
pedunculus cerebri
- PCN/NPC
nucleus of the posterior commissure
- PP
posterior pretectal nucleus
- PTA
anterior pretectal nucleus
- PTM
medial pretectal nucleus
- Pul
pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus
- PV
posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
- PVG
periventricular gray
- R
reticular nucleus of the thalamus
- riMLF
rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF
- RN
red nucleus
- SM
stria medullaris
- SN
substantia nigra
- ST
subthalamic nucleus
- STT
stria terminalis
- SUB
subiculum
- VB
ventrobasal complex of the thalamus
- VTA
ventral tegmental area of Tsai
- ZI
zona incerta
- III
oculomotor nucleus
On leave of absence from Dept. Anatomy Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 相似文献
20.
B. E. Jones A. Beaudet 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1987,65(2):437-448
Summary In an attempt to identify cholinergic neurons of the brain stem which project to the forebrain, retrograde labeling of neurons in the brain stem was examined by autoradiography following injections of 20 Ci [3H]choline into the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and frontal cortex. After injections into the thalamus, retrogradely labeled neurons were evident within the lateral caudal mesencephalic and dorsolateral oral pontine tegmentum (particularly in the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei) and in smaller number within the latero-medial caudal pontine (Reticularis pontis caudalis, Rpc) and medullary (Reticularis gigantocellularis, Rgc) reticular formation. Following [3H]choline injections into the lateral hypothalamus and into the basal forebrain, retrogradely labeled neurons were localized in the dorsolateral caudal midbrain and oral pontine tegmentum and in smaller number in the medial medullary reticular formation (Rgc), as well as in the midbrain, pontine and medullary raphe nuclei. After injections into the anterior medial frontal cortex, a small number of retrogradely labeled cells were found in the brain stem within the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and the dorsal raphe nucleus. In a parallel immunohistochemical study, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons were found to be located in most of the regions of the reticular formation where cells were retrogradely labeled from the forebrain following [3H]choline injections. These results suggest that multiple cholinergic neurons within the lateral caudal midbrain and dorsolateral oral pontine tegmentum and a few within the caudal pontine and medullary reticular formation project to the thalamus, hypothalamus and basal forebrain and that a limited number of pontine cholinergic neurons project to the frontal cortex.Abbreviations of Neuroanatomical Terms 3
oculomotor nuc
- 4
trochlear nuc
- 4V
fourth ventricle
- 6
abducens nuc
- 7
facial nuc
- 7n
facial nerve
- 8n
vestibulocochlear nerve
- 10
dorsal motor nuc vagus
- 12
hypoglossal nuc
- 12n
hypoglossal nerve
- Amb
ambiguus nuc
- Aq
cerebral aqueduct
- bic
brachium inf colliculus
- CB
cerebellum
- CG
central gray
- CLi
caudal linear nuc raphe
- Cnf
cuneiform nuc
- cp
cerebral peduncle
- Cu
cuneate nuc
- D
nuc Darkschewitsch
- DCo
dorsal cochlear nuc
- DLL
dorsal nuc lateral lemniscus
- DPB
dorsal parabrachial nuc
- DR
dorsal raphe nuc
- dsc
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- DTg
dorsal tegmental nuc
- dtgx
dorsal tegmental decussation
- ECu
external cuneate nuc
- Fl
flocculus
- IC
inferior colliculus
- icp
inferior cerebellar peduncle
- IF
interfascicular nuc
- InC
interstitial nuc Cajal
- IO
inferior olive
- IP
interpeduncular nuc
- KF
Kolliker-Fuse nuc
- LC
locus coeruleus
- Ldt
laterodorsal tegmental nuc
- Ifp
longitudinal fasciculus pons
- ll
lateral lemniscus
- LRt
lateral reticular nuc
- LRtS5
lateral reticular nucsubtrigeminal
- LSO
lateral superior olive
- LTz
lateral nuctrapezoid body
- LVe
lateral vestibular nuc
- mcp
middle cerebellar peduncle
- Me5
mesencephalic trigeminal nuc
- MGD
medial geniculate nuc, dorsal
- ml
medial lemniscus
- mlf
medial longitudinal fasciculus
- MnR
median raphe nuc
- Mo5
motor trigeminal nuc
- MSO
medial superior olive
- MTz
medial nuc trapezoid bbody
- MVe
medial vestibular nuc
- PBg
parabigeminal nuc
- Pgl
nuc paragigantocellularis lateralis
- Pn
pontine nuc
- PPTg
pedunculopontine tegmental nuc
- Pr5
principal sensory trigeminal
- PrH
prepositive hypoglossal nuc
- py
pyramidal tract
- Rgc
reticularis gigantocellularis
- Rgca
reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha
- Rmes
reticularis mesencephali
- RMg
raphe magnus nuc
- RN
red nuc
- Ro
nuc Roller
- ROb
raphe obscurus nuc
- Rp
reticularis parvicellularis
- RPa
raphe pallidus nuc
- Rpc
reticularis ponds caudalis
- RPn
raphe pontis nuc
- Rpo
reticularis pontis oralis
- RR
retrorubral nuc
- rs
rubrospinal tract
- RtTg
reticulotegmental nuc pons
- s5
sensory root trigeminal nerve
- SC
superior colliculus
- SCD
superior colliculus,deep layer
- SCI
superior colliculus, intermediate layer
- scp
superior cerebellar peduncle
- SCS
superior colliculus, superficial layer
- SGe
suprageniculate nuc pons
- SNC
substantia nigra compact
- SNL
substantia nigra,lateral
- SNR
substantia nigra, reticular
- SolL
solitary tract nuc,lateral
- SolM
solitary tract nuc, medial
- sp5
spinal tract trigeminal nerve
- sp5I
spinal trigeminal nuc, interpositus
- Sp5O
spinal trigeminal nuc, oral
- spth
spinothalamic tract
- SpVe
spinal vestibular nuc
- SuVe
superior vestibular nuc
- tp
tectopontine
- ts
tectospinal tract
- tz
trapezoid body
- VCo
ventral cochlear nuc
- VLL
ventral nuc lateral lemniscus
- VPB
ventral parabrachial nuc
- vsc
ventral spinocerebellar tract
- VTA
ventral tegmental area
- VTg
ventral tegmental nuc
- vtgx
ventral tegmental decussation
- xscp
decussation superior cerebellar peduncle
This investigation was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC) of Canada (MT-6464: BEJ and MT 7376: AB). B.E. Jones holds a Chercheur Boursier Senior Award from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Quebec (FRSQ), and A. Beaudet a Scientist Award from MRC 相似文献