Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits CXCR<Subscript>4</Subscript> expression and related migrations in a breast cancer cell line

Background  

Ginsenoside Rg3 is an extract from the natural product ginseng. Previous studies have linked Rg3 with anti-metastasis of cancer in vivo and in vitro. CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a vital molecule in migration and homing of cancer to the docking regions.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> anticancer properties of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calcarea carbonica</Emphasis> derivative complex (M8) treatment in a murine melanoma model

Background  

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and the most rapidly expanding cancer in terms of worldwide incidence. Chemotherapeutic approaches to treat melanoma have had only marginal success. Previous studies in mice demonstrated that a high diluted complex derived from Calcarea carbonica (M8) stimulated the tumoricidal response of activated lymphocytes against B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro.     

Diagnostic utility of <Emphasis Type="Italic">LunX</Emphasis>mRNA in peripheral blood and pleural fluid in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer

Background  

Progress in lung cancer is hampered by the lack of clinically useful diagnostic markers. The goal of this study was to provide a detailed evaluation of lung cancer tumor markers indicative of molecular abnormalities and to assess their diagnostic utility in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.     

Factors contributing to the underestimation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis>-associated gastric cancer risk in a high-prevalence population

Objective  

This study aimed to identify sources of underestimation of the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and non-cardia gastric cancer, in a high-risk European population.     

Comprehensive analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">NuMA</Emphasis>variation in breast cancer

Background  

A recent genome wide case-control association study identified NuMA region on 11q13 as a candidate locus for breast cancer susceptibility. Specifically, the variant Ala794Gly was suggested to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer.     

Promoter hypermethylation of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">SFRP2</Emphasis> gene is a high-frequent alteration and tumor-specific epigenetic marker in human breast cancer

Background  

We have previously reported that expression of the Wnt antagonist genes SFRP1 and SFRP5 is frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer. SFRP2 is a further Wnt inhibitor whose expression was recently found being downregulated in various malignancies. Here we investigated whether SFRP2 is also implicated in human breast cancer, and if so whether SFRP2 promoter methylation might serve as a potential tumor biomarker.     

Role of nitric oxide in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella typhimurium</Emphasis>-mediated cancer cell killing

Background  

Bacterial targeting of tumours is an important anti-cancer strategy. We previously showed that strain SL7838 of Salmonella typhimurium targets and kills cancer cells. Whether NO generation by the bacteria has a role in SL7838 lethality to cancer cells is explored. This bacterium has the mechanism for generating NO, but also for decomposing it.     

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester decreases acute pneumonitis after irradiation <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis>

Background  

Lung cancer is relatively resistant to radiation treatment and radiation pneumonitis is a major obstacle to increasing the radiation dose. We previously showed that Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) induces apoptosis and increases radiosensitivity in lung cancer. To determine whether CAPE, an antioxidant and an inhibitor of NF-kappa B, could be a useful adjuvant agent for lung cancer treatment, we examine the effects of CAPE on irradiated normal lung tissue in this study.     

Mass balance,excretion and metabolism of [<Superscript>14</Superscript>C] ASA404 in cancer patients in a phase I trial

Purpose  

To determine the mass balance, excretion and metabolism of the small molecule flavonoid tumour vascular disrupting agent ASA404 in patients with advanced cancer.     

Bioinformatic identification of FGF,p38-MAPK,and calcium signalling pathways associated with carcinoma <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis>in the urinary bladder

Background  

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is believed to be a precursor of invasive bladder cancer. Identification of CIS is a valuable prognostic factor since radical treatment strategies can be offered these patients before the disease becomes invasive.     

Triphala inhibits both <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> xenograft growth of pancreatic tumor cells by inducing apoptosis

Background  

Triphala is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat variety of diseases; however its mechanism of action remains unexplored. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of Triphala against human pancreatic cancer in the cellular and in vivo model.     

Over-expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">MDR1</Emphasis> in amrubicinol-resistant lung cancer cells

Purpose  

Amrubicin, a totally synthetic 9-aminoanthracycline anticancer drug, has shown promising activity for lung cancer, but little is known about the mechanism of resistance for this agent. This study was aimed to clarify the role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in amrubicinol, an active metabolite of amrubicin, resistance in lung cancer cells.     

Mutation analysis of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">MDM4</Emphasis>gene in German breast cancer patients

Background  

MDM4 is a negative regulator of p53 and cooperates with MDM2 in the cellular response to DNA damage. It is unknown, however, whether MDM4 gene alterations play some role in the inherited component of breast cancer susceptibility.     

Impact of <Emphasis Type="Italic">UGT2B7</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">His268Tyr</Emphasis></Superscript> polymorphism on the outcome of adjuvant epirubicin treatment in breast cancer

Introduction  

Epirubicin is a common adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. It is mainly eliminated after glucuronidation through uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7). The present study aimed to describe the impact of the UGT2B7 ^His268Tyr polymorphism on invasive disease-free survival in breast cancer patients after epirubicin treatment.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">CDKN1C</Emphasis>/p57<Superscript>kip2</Superscript>is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human breast cancer

Background  

CDKN1C (also known as p57^KIP2) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor previously implicated in several types of human cancer. Its family members (CDKN1A/p21^CIP1 and B/p27^KIP1) have been implicated in breast cancer, but information about CDKN1C's role is limited. We hypothesized that decreased CDKN1C may be involved in human breast carcinogenesis in vivo.     

Aqueous Cinnamon Extract (ACE-<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>) from the bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinnamomum cassia</Emphasis>causes apoptosis in human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) through loss of mitochondrial membrane potential

Background  

Chemoprevention, which includes the use of synthetic or natural agents (alone or in combination) to block the development of cancer in human beings, is an extremely promising strategy for cancer prevention. Cinnamon is one of the most widely used herbal medicines with diverse biological activities including anti-tumor activity. In the present study, we have reported the anti-neoplastic activity of cinnamon in cervical cancer cell line, SiHa.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Glycoprotein ABCB5 and YB-1 expression plays a role in increased heterogeneity of breast cancer cells: correlations with cell fusion and doxorubicin resistance

Background  

Cancer cells recurrently develop into acquired resistance to the administered drugs. The iatrogenic mechanisms of induced chemotherapy-resistance remain elusive and the degree of drug resistance did not exclusively correlate with reductions of drug accumulation, suggesting that drug resistance may involve additional mechanisms. Our aim is to define the potential targets, that makes drug-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells turn to drug-resistant, for the anti-cancer drug development against drug resistant breast cancer cells.     

A retroviral mutagenesis screen identifies <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cd74</Emphasis> as a common insertion site in murine B-lymphomas and reveals the existence of a novel IFNγ-inducible Cd74 isoform

Background  

Insertional mutagenesis screens in the mouse are an acknowledged approach to identify genes involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. The potential of these screens to identify genes causally involved in tumorigenesis is not only limited to the murine host, but many of these genes have also been proven to be involved in the oncogenic process in man.