部分上颌骨缺损的义颌修复

部分上颌骨缺损后以义颌修复为主要手段。本文从修复时间和类型、修复设计及修复效果等方面进行综述，有助于临床提高修复质量。     

部分上颌骨缺损的义颌修复

部分上颌骨缺损后以义颌修复为主要手段。本文从修复时间和类型、修复设计及修复效果等方面进行综述,有助于临床提高修复质量。     

种植体应用于义颌修复上颌骨缺损的研究进展

义颌修复上颌骨缺损已有上百年历史,直至今日义颌修复依然被认为是评判上颌骨重建的金标准.1986年Branemark等首次将种植引入上颌骨缺损的义颌修复中.本文从种植体在义颌修复中的意义、放疗对颌骨内种植体的影响、植入时机和部位、成功率及修复效果等方面,综述种植体在上颌骨缺损的义颌修复中的应用.     

单侧上颌骨缺损义颌修复治疗现状及进展

单侧上颌骨缺损是临床常见的颌面部缺损之一,主要依靠赝复体修复。本文旨在从单侧上颌骨缺损义颌修复设计的形式、类别、固位体设计等几方面进行综述,同时,对附着体义齿修复、牵引成骨术、种植修复和CAD/CAM等新材料、新技术在上颌骨缺损修复的应用,进行综述和展望。     

53例暂时义颌修复的体会

暂时义颌是口腔颌面部手术后修复上颌骨缺损，其目的是经患者提供一个较舒适的和有一定功能的修复体，直到组织完全愈合[1]，通常是手术后2星期开始使用，到3-6个月时，缺损的口腔组织愈合良好，大小稳定后，可作正式义颌。暂时义颌可以用来阻隔因手术后引起口腔与鼻腔相通，帮助进食和吞咽，辅助发音，减少心理创伤。我科从1992年对53例病人用SOFT-LINER重垫暂时义颌的修复，经临床观察，取得较好疗效，报告如下：临床资料1.一般情况：53例病人中，男性30例，女性23例；年龄18-65岁，平均年龄45岁。2.病人选择：患上颌窦癌住院准备手术…     

中空阻塞器义颌在上颌骨缺损修复中的应用效果

本文随机抽样复查１０例上颌骨肿瘤摘除术后缺损，用中空阻塞器行义颌重建者，通过复查作出的临床评价表明，戴修复体后在改善患者术后畸形的面容和恢复口腔生理功能等方面均感满意，有效地提高了患者的生存质量。充分利用缺损上颌骨的组织结构和余留组织，应用可摘局部义齿修复学设计的基本原则，设计、制作低位中空阻塞器义颌，可获满意的修复效果．     

软衬接触式阻塞器修复部分上颌骨缺损后咀嚼功能的研究

本文应用三种不同修复体对６例部分上颌骨切除除术后的上颌缺损进行修复，修复后建侧筱腹 侧的咀嚼效率测定，并作１－４年临床跟踪观察，结果表明，软衬接触式阻塞器明显优于非接触式或硬性接触式阻塞器。     

游离髂骨瓣用于上颌骨前壁缺损整复的临床研究

目的观察游离髂骨瓣修复上颌骨前壁缺损的效果。方法将15例患者分成2组:实验组10例,用游离髂骨修复上颌骨前壁;对照组5例,不用骨移植修复,任其自行恢复。结果游离骨移植可使上颌骨前壁缺损在短时期内达到骨性愈合。结论用游离髂骨修复上颌骨前壁,可恢复上颌窦正常形态,减少各种并发症的发生。     

颧骨牵张成骨部分修复上颌骨缺损

目的：探讨应用颧骨弧形牵张成骨修复部分上颌骨缺损的临床应用可能性。方法：为1例行右上颌骨全切术,左上颌骨次全切除术患者,以自行研制的内置弧形骨牵张器行颧骨内置弧形牵张成骨术。术后延迟1w行骨牵引,共牵引3w,固定期螺旋CT观察新骨生成状况。结果：治疗内容均按计划完成。螺旋CT显示,牵引结束时,骨移动盘实现显著的改向、内旋,弧线式牵引右侧约20mm,左侧约15mm;固定期8个月时,新生骨骨质密度接近正常,与双侧正常骨质连续,弧线完整平滑,颧骨弧形牵张成骨完成,骨性支持结构于上颌骨低位建立。结论：颧骨内置弧形牵张成骨术可有效修复部分上颌骨缺损,在上颌骨低位重建骨组织支持,为进一步修复奠定良好基础,可望实现功能性重建。     

髂骨复合组织瓣游离移植修复一侧上颌骨缺损

目的　应用游离髂骨复合组织瓣 (FIOMF)即时修复一侧上颌骨切除后缺损。方法　 1FIOMF的制备 ,根据缺损创面的大小 ,切取相应大小的骨肌瓣 ,注意保护血管蒂 ;2上颌骨切除按常规方法进行 ,但由于血管蒂偏短 ,故切口选择下颌下缘为好 ,将下唇中线拉开暴露上颌骨 ;3受区血管主要用颌外动脉和面前静脉或颈外静脉 ,如蒂长不够 ,可用静脉移植来解决 ;4FIOMF切取后即行修剪、固定、吻合血管 ;5腭部创面封闭可用对侧腭粘骨膜瓣 ,如缺损过大过中线 ,可用 FIOMF带皮肤封闭。早期观察指标 :1颧面部形态基本恢复 ;2无口鼻腔漏 ;3语音清晰 ;4托牙修复效果好。结果　共修复 6例 ,经 3～ 36月的随访 ,5例达到上述的观察指标 ,1例手术后因骨块坏死而失败。结论　由于 FIOMF修复一侧上颌骨缺损具有重建颧面部外形丰满 ,提供有力骨支撑 ,托牙修复效果好 ,可以进行种植体修复等优点 ,所以初步认为 :FIOMF是一侧上颌骨缺损修复的理想材料。     

Lefort Ⅰ型截骨牵开术矫正唇腭裂术后上颌畸形

目的　探讨LefortⅠ型截骨快速牵开成骨技术 ,在唇腭裂术后上颌后缩畸形矫治中的应用。方法　上颌LefortⅠ型截骨 ,术中前移上颌骨 4 0～ 12mm ,留间隙期 1天。使用口外颅颌牵引装置—上颌杠杆式牵引支架 ,调节支架前部的刻度调节旋钮和牵引杆 ,3～ 5天内完内快速牵开水平前移 3 0～ 10mm ,矫正 7例唇腭裂术后上颌后缩畸形。结果　 7例LefortⅠ型截骨水平快速牵引成骨完成后 ,除 1例固定为 4周 ,1个月后复查为轻度开合外 ,均无感染、成骨不良、骨不愈合等并发症。 7例牵开成骨矫正效果满意。结论　LefortⅠ型截骨快速牵开成骨技术是治疗唇腭裂术后上颌后缩畸形的有效方法。牵开速度快 ,不影响骨愈合 ,治疗时间短 ,不需植骨 ,疗效满意。     

上颌埋伏尖牙的外科—正畸治疗

目的　对上颌埋伏尖牙进行外科—正畸治疗。方法　先用方丝弓固定矫治器进行间隙扩展 ,然后根据上颌埋伏尖牙的位置及与邻牙的关系 ,分析其阻生的病因 ,采用外科翻瓣导萌术 ,暴露埋伏尖牙的牙冠 ,粘贴托槽 ,再选择不同的方向和方法对 12例患者的 14颗上颌埋伏尖牙进行正畸牵引导萌。结果　 11颗埋伏尖牙均已萌出后排齐 ,牙髓和牙周情况正常。结论　只有通过从上颌埋伏尖牙的位置关系 ,分析其阻生的病因 ,选择正确的外科手术暴露和正畸牵引导萌的方法 ,才能有效地矫治上颌埋伏尖牙。     

前臂皮瓣即刻整复口腔癌术后缺损方法的改进

目的 探讨前臂皮瓣即刻整复口腔癌术后缺损方法的改进。方法 收集本院1989年8月～2000年8月间用前臂游离皮瓣即刻整复口腔癌术后软组织缺损的患者47例。对该手术方法的改进进行分析和总结。结果 手术成功率100％。应用前臂桡侧皮瓣30例,尺侧（肌）皮瓣17例;吻合动静脉比例为1∶2.55。结论 口内缺损采用前臂真皮瓣修复;血管吻合尽量采用套接法;可只吻合皮瓣浅静脉;尽量保持颈外静脉主干完整性,采用侧支吻合;尽量缩短皮瓣缺血时间;尽量减少皮瓣及血管损伤;血管危象应尽早发现处理。     

钛网填以松质骨修复上颌骨的临床探讨

目的 体验和探讨在预制钛网支架内填塞自体髂骨松质骨,并以颞肌瓣进行覆盖,修复上颌骨缺损的治疗方法、效果以及其临床意义。方法 6例上颌骨缺损患者,术前预制钛网支架。术中采用钛钉固定在缺损处,网架内填塞自体髂骨松质骨,颞肌瓣包绕钛网支架修复上颌骨缺损。结果 6例患者植入的松质骨及覆盖的颞肌瓣全部存活。术后6个月X片显示:松质骨生长良好。结论 上颌骨不同类型的缺损均可应用此方法进行功能性修复,此方法与其它游离骨复合瓣比较而言,安全系数高,对患者的创伤小,充分体现个性化特点。     

唇腭裂继发上颌骨发育不足牵引成骨后颌骨变化

目的　比较唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者颅外支架式牵引成骨术 (RigidExternalDistraction ,RED)前后上下颌骨前后向和垂直向位置及牙颌关系变化 ,评价RED治疗上颌发育不足效果。方法　唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者 2 2名 ,其中男性 1 4名 ,女性 8名 ,平均年龄为 1 5 3岁。所有患者在改良高位LeFortⅠ型截骨术基础上行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术。测量RED前后头颅定位侧位片上下颌骨位置及牙颌关系各项指标 ,用配对t检验比较RED术前术后变化。　结果　RED前后SNA角、NA与FH夹角、Ptm至S距离、Ptm至A距离、上中切牙至腭平面距离、上颌第一磨牙至腭平面距离、SNB角、面角、颌凸角、下颌平面角、ANB角、Y轴角、NA与AMe比、覆牙合和覆盖变化具高度显著性差异。　结论　RED用于唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者 ,可有效地延长上颌骨长度和高度并使之前移 ;下颌骨则顺时针旋转 ,上下颌骨间位置和比例更为协调 ,下颌骨的生长发育方向更趋于正常     

Juvenile cemento-ossifying fibroma of the maxilla:Report of one case and renew of the literature

Juvenile cemento-ossifying fibroma (JCOF) is a rare lesion that exhibits a slow growing but may reach massive proportion and cause considerable cosmetic and functional problems. This lesion has the tendency for recurrence following incomplete excision. A case report of giant JCOF in a 46-year-old female with 23-year history is presented. Local excision and thorough curettage was performed and the normal skeletal structure was maximally preserved. 15-month follow up demonstrated no sign of recurrence.     

REPAIR PROCESS OF SURGICAL DEFECTS FILLED WITH AUTOGENOUS BONE GRAFTS IN TIBIAE OF DIABETIC RATS

From a biological standpoint, the best material for reconstruction of bone defects is the autogenous bone graft. However, as tissue healing is affected under diabetic conditions, major changes might take place in the revascularization, incorporation, replacement and remodeling phases of the grafted area. The purpose of this study was to assess the bone healing process in surgical wounds prepared in tibiae of diabetic rats and filled with autogenous bone. Forty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were randomly assigned to receive an endovenous injection (penile vein) of either citrate buffer solution (Group 1 - control; n=20) or streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer solution (35 mg/kg) to induce diabetes (Group 2 - diabetic; n=20). After determination of glycemia, the animals were anesthetized and the anterolateral regions of the tibiae of both limbs were shaved, antisepsis was performed and longitudinal incisions were made in each limb. The tibiae were exposed and two 2-mm-diameter surgical cavities were prepared: one in the right limb, filled with particulate autogenous bone and the other in the left limb, filled with blood clot. The animals were euthanized at 10 and 30 postoperative days. The anatomic pieces were obtained, submitted to laboratory processing and sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson''s Trichrome for histomorphologic and histometric analyses. In both groups, the wounds filled with autogenous bone graft showed better results than those filled with blood clot. The control group showed higher new bone formation in wounds filled with autogenous bone graft at 30 days than the diabetic group, but without statistical significance. It may be concluded that, in general, the new bone formation occurred with autogenous graft was quantitatively similar between control and diabetic groups and qualitatively better in the control group.     

唇裂伴牙槽突裂动物模型的建立及对上颌骨生长发育影响的观察

目的　为了客观研究唇裂伴牙槽裂畸形状况下上颌骨生长发育变化规律。方法　选用 2 0只出生后 30天的纯种幼兔 ,随机分成正常对照组和实验动物模型组 ,对实验组的动物采用外科手术的方法建立裂隙程度一致的左侧上唇和牙槽突裂 ,术后 2 6周 (生后 30周 ) ,对两组动物行头颅测量。结果　实验模型组上颌骨长度和宽度较正常对照组存在生长发育不足的现象。结论　唇裂伴牙槽裂对上颌骨生长发育具有一定的影响     

Intraoperative verification of resection margins of maxillary malignancies by cone-beam computed tomography

Resection of maxillary cancer often results in incomplete excision because of the tumour’s proximity to important structures such as the orbit. To deal with this problem we prospectively investigated the feasibility of intraoperative imaging during maxillectomy to verify the planned resection margins. In total, six patients diagnosed with maxillary cancer listed for maxillectomy were included, irrespective of the histological type of tumour. Before resection, an accurate intended resection volume was delineated on diagnostic images. At the end of the operation we took a cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) scan of the treated maxilla, after which the accuracy of the resection was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the preoperative resection plan and the images acquired intraoperatively, based on the anatomy. Further resection was then done if necessary and quantitatively evaluated with a second cone-beam CT scan. Postoperatively we compared the results of the scan with those of the histological examination. Of the six, two resections were reported pathologically as less than radical, each of which was detected by intraoperative CT and resulted in extensions of the original resections. The mean (SD) distance between the planned and the actual resection was 1.49 (2.78) mm. This suggests that intraoperative cone-beam CT imaging is a promising way to make an adequate intraoperative assessment of planned surgical margins of maxillary tumours. This allows for intraoperative resection margins to be improved, possibly leading to a better prognosis for the patient.