盐酸格拉司琼体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的观察盐酸格拉司琼在体外对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌抑菌作用的影响。方法将盐酸格拉司琼注射液用无菌生理盐水稀释至终浓度分别为0.5、0.25、0.125和0.0625 mg/mL,与大肠埃希杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、和铜绿假单胞菌培养,每个实验重复三遍,所有菌株的稀释的系列测定均进行两次。结果格拉司琼对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有明显的抑菌作用,格拉司琼对大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用随着格拉司琼浓度的增加而增加,至0.0625 mg/mL时仍有明显的抑菌作用(P<0.05)。格拉司琼对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌作用在格拉司琼浓度为0.125 mg/mL时消失。结论格拉司琼在体外可以抑制大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的生长,对于预防麻醉相关的感染可能有一定的临床意义。     

昂丹司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除手术后静脉注射昂丹司琼对术后恶心呕吐的预防疗效。方法90例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级，择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分成3组。第1组对照组，术后给予生理盐水5ml。第Ⅱ组氟哌利多组，术后静注氟哌利多1．25mg。第Ⅲ组术后静注枢复宁4mg。观察术后24h患者的恶心呕吐情况。结果第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者恶心呕吐发生率分别为60、0％、30．0％、26．7％。第Ⅱ组与第Ⅰ组之间差异有显著性（P〈0．05），第Ⅲ组与第Ⅰ组之间差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。第Ⅱ组与第Ⅲ组之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论本研究示术毕时静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg与氟哌利多1．25mg均能有效防止、预防腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐。     

昂丹司琼预防手术及术后镇痛引起的恶心呕吐

<正>手术后恶心呕吐是全麻或椎管内麻醉后的不良反应之一,发生率为25%～40%。又因盐酸哌替啶,芬太尼是术中和术后镇痛的常用药物,其主要不良反应也是恶心、呕吐。因此,预防恶心呕吐是术后管理的重要课题。2006-01—2013-01,我科对术后镇痛患者均于手术即将结束,接镇痛泵前,静脉注射昂丹司琼4 mg以预防手术及术后镇痛引起的恶心呕吐,收到良好效果。1资料与方法     

盐酸昂丹思琼的两种不同剂型的临床应用研究

目的观察盐酸昂丹司琼口腔崩解片与注射液两种剂型的临床应用情况。方法选取拟行TACE治疗的肝癌患者38例,按随机原则分为A组和B组,各19例。A组在TACE围手术期使用盐酸昂丹司琼口腔崩解片,B组在TACE围手术期使用盐酸昂丹司琼注射液。观察两组术后恶心、呕吐的发生率及输液量的差异。结果 A组的恶心、呕吐的发生率及输液量均显著低于B组。结论盐酸昂丹司琼的两种剂型均可有效地预防和治疗肝癌TACE后的恶心、呕吐,口腔崩解片较注射液更有效、更安全、更便捷。     

昂丹司琼预防麻醉后寒战有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的评价昂丹司琼预防麻醉后寒战的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、CNKI、万方、维普等数据库,检索时间为建库至2018年8月,纳入以昂丹司琼预防麻醉后寒战为研究目的,研究组为昂丹司琼,对照组为生理盐水或哌替啶或曲马多的随机对照试验,采用RevMan 5.3对数据进行Meta分析,根据不同对照组、不同麻醉方式及不同剂量进行亚组分析。结果共纳入16项研究,1 443例受试者。有效性方面,研究组寒战发生率明显低于生理盐水组(RR=0.42,95%CI 0.35～0.51,P0.001);与哌替啶组(RR=0.68,95%CI 0.44～1.05,P=0.09)及曲马多组(RR=2.07,95%CI 0.90～4.75,P=0.09)差异无统计学意义;在3个不同麻醉方式亚组(RR=0.44,95%CI 0.36～0.54,P0.001),2个不同剂量亚组(RR=0.41,95%CI 0.34～0.49,P0.001)中,研究组寒战发生率明显低于生理盐水组。安全性方面,研究组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于生理盐水组(RR=0.27,95%CI 0.16～0.46,P0.001)。结论昂丹司琼可有效预防麻醉后寒战的发生,其效果与哌替啶、曲马多相当,并且可明显减少术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

地塞米松复合昂丹司琼预防妇科腹腔镜手术术后恶心呕吐的研究

目的观察静脉注射地塞米松复合昂丹司琼对妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心、呕吐的预防效果。方法 80例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜下妇科手术患者,全部患者均采用相同的静脉快速诱导,气管内插管全身麻醉,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组在全麻诱导前静脉注射地塞米松10mg,术毕静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg;对照组全麻诱导前静注生理盐水2ml,术毕静脉注射昂丹司琼4mg。通过描述词量表并观察记录术后24小时两组恶心、呕吐的发生情况。结果患者术后恶心发生率：实验组17.5%,对照组52.5%;呕吐发生率：实验组12.5%,而对照组为47.5%。对照组患者术后恶心、呕吐发生率明显高于实验组（P〈0.01）。结论地塞米松复合昂丹司琼有较显著的预防和治疗手术后恶心、呕吐的效果。     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松对比昂丹司琼单药预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的荟萃分析

目的:系统评价昂丹司琼联合地塞米松与昂丹司琼单药预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的疗效及安全性,以期为临床用药提供参考。方法:系统检索与筛选Cochrane Library、Pub Med、EMBASE、SCI、CNKI、维普、万方数据库中对比昂丹司琼单药与联合用药预防LC术后PONV的随机对照试验。使用Google学术、百度学术等搜索引擎进一步补充检索。按照纳入与排除标准纳入文献后,由两位作者独立进行质量评价、数据提取,交叉核对后,使用Rev Man 5.3软件统计分析,合并效应量中计数资料采用相对危险度(relative risk,RR)及95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)描述。结果:纳入12项随机对照试验,共1 156例患者。Meta分析结果显示,相较昂丹司琼单药组,联合地塞米松用药组LC术后24 h内PONV发生率显著下降[RR=0.45,95%CI(0.35,0.57)]。依据药物用量行亚组分析时发现,4 mg、8 mg昂丹司琼联合用药组均可显著降低术后24 h PONV发生率,而在8 mg时较单药组可显著降低总的呕吐发生率[RR=0.40,95%CI(0.23,0.71)]。安全性方面,两组术后其他并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:昂丹司琼联合地塞米松相较昂丹司琼单药能更好地预防LC术后的PONV,有效降低术后不适症状,同时临床应用时应注意昂丹司琼剂量的选择。     

昂丹司琼防治异位妊娠腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的:观察观察昂丹司琼配伍地塞米松预防异位妊娠患者腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的应用.方法:收集116例异位妊娠患者,随机分为四组,A组(空白组)、B(单用昂丹司琼组)、C组(昂丹司琼+地塞米松组)、D组(昂丹司琼+氟哌利多组),观察并记录各组患者术后6h和24h内恶心呕吐发生情况.结果:B、C、D组术后恶心呕吐发生率低于A组(P＜0.05),其中C、D组最为明显(P＜0.01).结论:昂丹司琼联合用药是预防异位妊娠腹腔镜术后PONV的有效措施.     

曲马多复合昂丹司琼术后PCIA镇痛的效果观察

目的观察曲马多复合昂丹司琼用于术后PCIA镇痛的效果。方法选取160例上腹部手术全麻病人,术毕拔管给予昂丹司琼8mg,后给予PCIA泵镇痛,配方:曲马多1000mg+昂丹司琼8mg+0.9%生理盐水稀释成100ml;参数:负荷剂量1.5mg/kg,背景剂量0.25mg/(kg.h),单次PCA量1ml,锁定时间15min。结果88.75%病人镇痛满意,94.38%病人无镇静过度,27.5%病人有恶心,22.5%病人呕吐,43.13%病人有皮肤瘙痒,35%病人多汗,无呼吸抑制发生。结论非阿片类中枢镇痛药曲马多复合昂丹司琼用于全麻术后PCIA镇痛是一种安全有效的镇痛方法。     

昂丹司琼预防妇科腹腔镜手术恶心呕吐的Meta分析

目的 系统评价昂丹司琼预防妇科腹腔镜全麻术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的有效性和安全性. 方法 电子检索中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、重庆维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、Pubmed、Springer、Embase、Web of knowledge数据库,并查阅所获文献的参考文献,收集1995～2012年发表的有关昂丹斯琼预防妇科腹腔镜全麻PONV的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs).按Cochrane Handbook5.0.1对纳入文献进行质量评价和资料提取,统计学分析采用Stata11.0软件. 结果共纳入18个RCT,包括1 597例患者.Meta分析结果显示:①有效性:昂丹司琼单次静脉注射能降低妇科腹腔镜全麻PONV的发生率[(RR=0.210,95％CI=0.164～0.268)];昂丹司琼4 mg与8 mg单次静脉注射对预防妇科腹腔镜全麻术后患者24 h PONV效果相当[(RR=0.948,95％CI=0.433～2.075)];手术前期应用昂丹司琼较术毕应用患者PONV发生率更低[(RR=0.450,95％CI=0.290～0.698)];昂丹斯琼4 mg或氟哌利多1.25 mg～2 mg静脉注射患者术后24 h PONV发生率相同[(RR=1.36,95％CI=0.74～2.51)];昂丹司琼联合氟哌利多静脉注射预防术后PONV发生较单独使用昂丹司琼效果更好[(RR=3.56,95％CI=1.74～7.29)].②安全性:昂丹司琼静脉注射不增加头痛、低热的发生率. 结论 昂丹司琼4 mg术前静脉注射能明显降低妇科腹腔镜全麻PONV的发生率,但并不能降低头痛、低热等副作用的发生率.昂丹司琼联合小剂量氟哌利多静脉注射较单独使用昂丹司琼对预防妇科腹腔镜全麻PONV的发生效果更好.     

Effects of prophylactic ondansetron on spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension: a meta-analysis

BackgroundA range of strategies including physical interventions, intravenous fluids and vasopressor drugs have been used to minimize or prevent spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. Recent studies suggest that ondansetron, a commonly used antiemetic, also affects hypotension. This systematic review investigated the effects of prophylactic ondansetron on hemodynamic changes following spinal anesthesia.MethodsMedline, Embase, Cochrane Library databases and www.clinicaltrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials studying the effects of ondansetron on hemodynamic changes induced by spinal anesthesia. The primary outcome was hypotension. Relative risk (RR) or mean difference, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were used to analyze outcomes.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials with 863 patients were included in the analysis. Prophylactic ondansetron reduced the incidence of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in both obstetric and non-obstetric patients. The RR of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension after ondansetron administration was 0.53 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.86) in obstetric patients and 0.16 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.51) in non-obstetric patients. There was significant heterogeneity among obstetric studies (I² = 71%). Ondansetron also reduced the incidence of bradycardia, nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia with RRs of 0.27 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.47), 0.24 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.42) and 0.48 (95% CI 0.08 to 3.08), respectively. The doses of ephedrine and phenylephrine required to treat hypotension were reduced by ondansetron with mean differences of −2.35 mg (95% CI −4.14 to −0.55 mg) and −31.16 μg (95% CI −57.46 to −4.87 μg), respectively.ConclusionThis review suggests that prophylactic ondansetron reduces the incidence of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension and vasopressor consumption in both obstetric and non-obstetric patients. In addition, ondansetron can also reduce related adverse outcomes such as bradycardia, nausea and vomiting. However, given the relatively large heterogeneity and small sample sizes in current studies, further large and strict randomized clinical trials investigating the effects of ondansetron on spinal anesthesia-induced hemodynamic changes and side effects are still needed, especially among obstetric patients.     

昂丹司琼对术后PCA曲马多镇痛疗效的影响

目的　比较使用昂丹司琼预防术后PCA曲马多镇痛时恶心呕吐对曲马多镇痛疗效的影响 ,观察昂丹司琼与曲马多合用于PCA是否会降低曲马多的镇痛疗效。方法　选择 80例择期中上腹部手术病人 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级。手术结束后 ,选择曲马多PCA镇痛。分四组 :A组 ,病人用生理盐水加曲马多 ;B组 ,病人 (对照组 )用昂丹司琼加曲马多 ;C组 ,给予曲马多加安慰药和氟哌利多 ;D组 ,给予曲马多加昂丹司琼和氟哌利多。观察 4、8、1 2、2 4h的曲马多用量、疼痛视觉评分、镇静评分、恶心呕吐评级。结果　B组的恶心、呕吐、镇静、疼痛评分值均小于A组 ,但无统计学差异 ;B组的 4h曲马多用量为 (4 92± 1 0 3)mg ,明显高于A组 (390± 83)mg(P <0 0 5 ) ,且 8、1 2、2 4h的曲马多用量也多于A组 ,但两者无统计学差异。C组与D组比较 ,恶心、呕吐、镇静、疼痛评分无统计学差异。结论　昂丹司琼可降低术后曲马多PCA的镇痛疗效     

去甲万古霉素载药涤纶血管材料体外抗菌活性测定

目的：评价去甲万古霉素（NV）载药涤纶血管材料体外抗菌活性。方法：血管材料剪成直径6mm圆形。分别制成空白涤纶材料和载药（NV）涤纶材料，分别于0，7，14，28d取样观察体外缓释性能。选用耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌（MRSE）和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）作为试验菌，分别观察空白和载药涤纶血管材料0．7，14，28d和快慢相的抗菌效果。结果：两种细菌0，7，14，28d载药涤纶材料-细菌混合培养液的菌落数显著少于空白涤纶材料-细菌混合培养液（P均〈0．001）。结论：体外试验证实载NV涤纶材料MRSE和MRSA具有抗菌作用，且可持续维持28d。提示该载药材料具有持久抗菌活性，可用于制备抗感染血管移植物。     

不同用药方式对昂丹司琼预防术后镇痛后恶心、呕吐疗效的影响

目的比较不同用药方式对中枢性镇吐药昂丹司琼预防术后镇痛治疗后发生恶心、呕吐的疗效差异。方法择期妇科手术患者120例按昂丹司琼用药方式不同分为四组镇痛泵联合静脉用药组(A组)、镇痛泵用药组(B组)、静脉用药组(C组)和对照组(D组),每组30例。记录手术结束后的不同时间点(0、1、3、6、12和24h)疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及不同时间段内(0~1h、1~3h、3~6h、6~12h、12~24h)恶心、呕吐发生例数。结果不同时间点组内和组间VAS差异无显著意义。恶心、呕吐发生率在A组和C组间以及B组和D组间差别无显著意义。而A组和B组间以及C组和D组间差异有显著意义(P<0·05)。结论术后静脉注射昂丹司琼较其他用药方式可明显减少术后镇痛后恶心、呕吐的发生率。     

真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣抗菌力的实验研究

为研究真皮下血管网薄皮瓣用于感染创面的可行性,在家猪臀部两侧分别形成以旋髂深血管主干分支为蒂的传统岛状皮瓣和远侧50%修薄的真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣。用细菌计数、吖啶橙荧光染色测定白细胞吞噬指数和白细胞内杀菌率,应用激光多普勒、墨汁灌注、透明标本等方法,对两种皮瓣的抗菌力作自身对照研究。结果表明,真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣的抗菌力明显降低,可能与皮瓣修薄后血供减少,白细胞功能相应降低有关。     

真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣抗菌力的实验研究

为研究真皮下血管网薄皮瓣用于感染创面的可行性，在家猪臀部两侧分别形成以旋髂深血管主干分支为蒂的传统岛状皮瓣和远侧５０％修薄的真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣。用细菌计数、吖啶橙荧光染色测定白细胞吞噬指数和白细胞内杀菌率，应用激光多普勒、墨汁灌注、透明标本等方法，对两种皮瓣的抗菌力作自身对照研究。结果表明，真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣的抗菌力明显降低，可能与皮瓣修薄后血供减少，白细胞功能相应降低有关。     

Prevention versus treatment of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus with ondansetron

BackgroundIntrathecal morphine is used for post-cesarean analgesia, but pruritus is a common side effect. Ondansetron would be an attractive treatment because it prevents nausea, is non-sedative or has no anti-analgesic effect. We undertook a study to assess the efficacy of ondansetron for treatment or prophylaxis of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus.MethodsHealthy paturients undergoing cesarean delivery with intrathecal morphine 250 μg and fentanyl 25 μg were randomized to receive: prophylaxis (ondansetron 8 mg at cord clamping, normal saline 4 mL for treatment of pruritus in the post-anaesthesia care unit); treatment (normal saline 4 mL at cord clamping, ondansetron 8 mg as required in the post-anesthesia care unit) or control (normal saline 4 mL in both). Visual analogue scale scores for pruritus, nausea and pain were recorded preoperatively, on arrival to, at 30, 60, and 120 min and on discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit. The primary outcome was the peak pruritus score. ANOVA with Bonferroni correction or Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze data; P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe study was terminated early when interim analysis indicated no effect. Eighty-two of the intended 180 paturients completed the protocol (26 in control group, 32 in treatment group and 24 in prophylaxis). There were no differences in the rate or severity of pruritus at any assessment point, or the request for treatment. Pruritus was reduced after administration of treatment syringe.ConclusionProphylactic ondansetron did not reduce pruritus when compared with placebo. The use of ondansetron as a treatment did not decrease the severity of pruritus when compared with placebo.     

Lornoxicam and ondansetron for the prevention of intrathecal fentanyl-induced pruritus

Purpose In this randomized, double-blind study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of lornoxicam and ondansetron for the prevention of intrathecal fentanyl-induced pruritus in patients undergoing cesarean section. Methods One hundred and eight parturients (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] I-II status) requesting neuraxial analgesia by a combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique were recruited for this study. A CSE technique was performed and anesthesia was achieved with fentanyl 25 μg and hyperbaric bupivacaine 12 mg. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups, each with 36 participants. Immediately following delivery, patients received either lornoxicam 8 mg IV (group L; n = 36), ondansetron 8 mg IV (group O; n = 36), or normal saline 2 ml IV (group P; n = 36). Pruritus, pain, and nausea and vomiting scores were recorded during the initial 24 h postoperatively. Results The incidence of pruritus was significantly lower in group O from 4 to 12 h postoperatively when compared to that in group L and group P. According to the pruritus grading system we used, the number of patients without pruritus was significantly higher in group O when compared to that in group L and group P. The number of patients experiencing moderate pruritus was significantly lower in group O when compared to that in group P. Conclusion We observed that the administration of 8 mg IV lornoxicam failed to prevent intrathecal fentanyl-induced pruritus in parturients. Also, our data confirmed that ondansetron is likely to attenuate intrathecal fentanyl-induced pruritus.