乳腺癌颈部淋巴结转移的外科治疗

颈部有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌已属晚期,以往认为不宜手术[1]。我们为3例此类患者作了同期乳腺癌根治切除 区域颈淋巴清扫或摘除,近期疗效满意,现报告如下。1　病例报告1.1　例1,女,53岁。右乳房肿块4a。查体:一般情况好。右乳内下一直径2.5cm包块,皮肤酒窝状改变,和胸肌粘连,腋窝淋巴结肿大,融合,可活动。右锁骨上及枕三角区有数枚1cm～2cm肿大淋巴结,无融合,活动。颈部淋巴结和乳房包块细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)均查见癌细胞,诊为乳腺癌(T4N2M1)。予CTX、ADM、5-Fu、DDP联合化疗。2月后所有病灶均有明显缩小,胸部及肝脏CT未见转移灶,…     

超声对甲状腺癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声对甲状腺癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法 选取120例甲状腺癌患者,均接受超声检查。根据是否发生颈部淋巴结转移将患者分为转移组和未转移组,比较转移组与未转移组患者颈部淋巴结的超声特征,分析超声对甲状腺癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。结果 转移组与未转移组患者门部回声不均匀、微钙化的比例比较,差异均无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。转移组患者皮质增厚、长短径比﹤2、淋巴门偏移、边界不清、淋巴结融合、血流丰富比例均明显高于未转移组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。超声特征中皮质增厚、长短径比﹤2、淋巴门偏移、边界不清、淋巴结融合、血流丰富诊断甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移的灵敏度和特异度均高于60%。结论 甲状腺癌患者颈部淋巴结的超声表现有助于鉴别淋巴结性质,超声检查对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值较高,能够指导临床制订合适的治疗方案。     

口腔鳞癌患者Level Ⅳ淋巴结转移风险因素研究

目的:探讨口腔癌同侧颈部LevelⅣ淋巴结转移的影响因素。方法:收集北京大学口腔医院颌面外科2000年1 月至2011年12月同期行颈淋巴清扫术及原发灶手术治疗的口腔癌患者624 例（644 侧）,采用χ2检验及Logistic回归分析LevelⅣ转移风险因素。结果:颈淋巴结转移患者334 例（345 侧）,LevelⅣ转移35侧（5.43% ,35/ 644）,跳跃性转移4 侧（0.62% ,4/ 644）。 pN-Levels Ⅰ～Ⅲ颈部的LevelⅣ转移率1.31%（4/ 303）,pN+Levels Ⅰ～Ⅲ颈部的LevelⅣ转移率为9.14%（31/341）,χ2检验表明pN+LevelsⅠ～Ⅲ与LevelⅣ转移有关联。pN+LevelⅢ、前三区的pN+Level数3 枚、前三区的阳性淋巴结数≥ 3 枚的患者,pN+LevelⅣ发生率分别为22.47%（20/ 89）、28.57%（10/ 35）、14.60%（20/ 137）。 进一步应用Logistic回归分析前三区淋巴结转移状态与LevelⅣ转移关系,结果证实前三区的pN+Level数为3 枚（pN+LevelⅠ+pN+LevelⅡ+pN+LevelⅢ）与LevelⅣ转移有关联。结论:对于口腔癌患者,Levels Ⅰ～Ⅲ转移将增加LevelⅣ转移风险。      

颈部淋巴结转移癌835例临床分析

本文报道了颈部淋巴结转移癌835例，腺癌360例272例，未分化癌165例，恶黑色素瘤3例，类型未定35例，分析了颈癌淋巴结转移癌的部位、组织学类型和原发癌灶部位之间的关系，对提高颈部淋巴结转移癌的认识十分重要，对原发性不明的颈部淋巴结转移癌，推测和寻找原发性灶有一定指导意义。     

食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析及诊断模型构建

  目的  探讨食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素并构建诊断模型,为临床选择合理手术方式提供参考。  方法  选取2015年1月至2020年6月于河北医科大学第四医院行食管癌根治术+三野淋巴结清扫的240例食管中下段鳞癌患者作为观察对象,依据术后病理分为颈部淋巴结转移组和颈部淋巴结无转移组。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,并建立诊断模型,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估其诊断效能。  结果  240例食管中下段鳞癌患者中有62例（25.8%）发生颈部淋巴结转移。Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤最大径、食管旁淋巴结转移、喉返神经旁淋巴结转移和CT诊断颈部淋巴结转移是食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。诊断模型为P=1/(1+exp(-(-3.764+0.361×肿瘤最大径+1.281×食管旁淋巴结转移+1.614×喉返神经旁淋巴结转移+1.155×CT诊断颈部淋巴结转移))),其阴性预测值为89.89%,阳性预测值为45.16%,准确度为78.33%。ROC曲线分析显示,ROC 曲线下的面积为0.827（95%CI :0.767～0.886）,约登指数为0.530,灵敏度和特异度分别为70.97%和82.02%。  结论  肿瘤最大径、食管旁淋巴结转移、喉返神经旁淋巴结转移和CT诊断颈部淋巴结转移是食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,以此为基础建立的诊断模型具有一定的临床运用价值。      

室管膜瘤颈部淋巴结转移1例报道

室管膜瘤多数为良性,占80％,恶性占20％。颅内肿瘤发生颅外转移现象极为罕见,我科收治室管膜瘤颈部淋巴结转移患者1例,现报告如下。 1 临床资料患者女性,20岁,学生,因“室管膜瘤术后2年半局部复发,再次手术后1年放疗后9个月发现颈部包块6个月”,于2004年1月22日再次入我院治     

超声对鼻咽癌颈部转移淋巴结的诊断价值

 目的　探讨超声对鼻咽癌颈部转移淋巴结的诊断价值和诊断标准。方法　对经临床和病理确诊为鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移的初诊患者30例(共96个淋巴结),行颈部肿块灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声和多普勒能量图检查。结果　本组转移淋巴结大小从0.4～5.0cm,85%以上的长径与短径之比<2,内部回声主要为不均匀的低回声,液化者可为液实混合回声或液性无回声,淋巴结皮质不均匀增厚或消失,淋巴结门偏心或消失,边界多模糊不整。血流分布主要为周边型(47.9%)和无血流型(33.3%),Rl值较高,平均为0.72。部分可见颈静脉受压或静脉内癌栓。结论　鼻咽癌颈部转移淋巴结的超声图像在形态、边缘、内部回声结构、血流分布、血流动力学及淋巴结包膜外转移等方面均有较为特征性的表现,根据二维灰阶超声和彩色多普勒超声检查结果,多可作出正确诊断。     

鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移针吸细胞学检查的临床意义

目的 探讨针吸细胞学检查诊断鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移的价值，对其细胞形态学特征进行总结。 方法 对经临床与病理学证实，细胞学检查为鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移的病例进行回顾性分析。 结果 全部病例无一例假阳性。结论 针吸细胞学检查是鼻咽癌颈部淋巴结转移的定性检查方法，对早期发现、确诊鼻咽癌特别是无鼻咽症状的病例具有较高的价值，有快速、安全、准确等优点。     

Occult contralateral central neck metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma with preoperatively documented ipsilateral lateral neck metastasis

BackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate risk factors and long-term prognosis of contralateral central neck metastasis (CCNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with ipsilateral lateral neck metastasis. We present clinical evidence to aid in surgical decision-making regarding the extent of central neck dissection (CND), focusing on separation between ipsilateral and contralateral sides.MethodsA total of 379 PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and concomitant bilateral central neck dissection with ipsilateral lateral neck dissection (LND) at a single institution was retrospectively included between January 1997 and December 2015.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 83.2 months, the mean age was 44.3 years, and the mean tumor size was 1.5 cm. Among the study sample, 266 patients were female (70.2%) and 113 (29.8%) were male. Of 379 patients, CCNM was present in 34.6%. In multivariate analysis, male sex (adjusted OR = 2.46, p = 0.002), bilaterality (adjusted OR = 2.58, p = 0.004), number of metastatic ipsilateral central lymph nodes (adjusted OR = 1.15, p = 0.002), number of metastatic lateral lymph nodes (adjusted OR = 1.48, p < 0.001), and three-level metastasis (adjusted OR = 2.46, p = 0.012) were identified as risk factors of CCNM. Overall recurrence occurred in 6.0% and 11.5% of patients in the CCNM (-) group and CCNM (+) group, respectively. In addition, contralateral recurrence was observed in 1.2% patients and 0.8% patients in the CCNM (-) group and CCNM (+) group, respectively. However, CCNM did not significantly increase risk of recurrence (adjusted HR = 1.01, p = 0.981).ConclusionsAlthough the probability of pathological CCNM is not negligible, CCNM was not associated with higher risk of recurrence. This study suggest that central neck dissection may be limited to the ipsilateral side, and the result regarding prognosis of CCNM may help to avoid bilateral CND so that it could have potential to minimize unnecessary surgery-related complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) injury or hypoparathyroidism.     

Individual prediction of lateral neck metastasis risk in patients with unifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma

IntroductionMuch controversy exists over whether to perform lateral neck dissection (LND) on patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study aimed to build predictive nomograms that could individually estimate lateral neck metastasis (LNM) risk and help determine follow up intensity.Patients and methodsUnifocal PTC patients who underwent LND between April 2012 and August 2014 were identified. Clinical and pathological variables were retrospectively evaluated using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables that had statistical significance in final multivariate logistic models were chosen to build nomograms, which were further corrected using the bootstrap resampling method.ResultsIn all, 505 PTC patients were eligible for analysis. Among these, 178 patients (35.2%) had lateral neck metastasis. Two nomograms were generated: nomogram (c) and nomogram (c + p). Nomogram (c) incorporated four clinical variables: age, tumor size, tumor site, and extrathyroidal extension (ETE). It had a good discriminative ability, with a C-index of 0.79 (bootstrap-corrected, 0.78). Nomogram (c + p) incorporated two clinical variables and two pathological variables: tumor size, tumor site, extranodal extension (ENE), and number of positive nodes in the central compartment. Nomogram (c + p) showed an excellent discriminative ability, with a C-index of 0.86 (bootstrap-corrected, 0.85).ConclusionTwo predictive nomograms were generated. Nomogram (c) is a clinical model, whereas nomogram (c + p) is a clinicopathological model. Each nomogram incorporates only four variables and can give an accurate estimate of LNM risk in unifocal PTC patients, which may assist clinicians in patient counseling and decision making regarding LND.     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及相关危险因素在颈部不同区域淋巴结转移中的意义.方法:回顾性分析北京世纪坛医院2010年1月至2014年12月术后病理证实为甲状腺癌的404例患者的临床资料,就年龄、性别、术前TSH水平、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、合并结节性甲状腺肿等因素与颈部不同区域淋巴结转移之间的关系进行分析.结果:甲状腺癌发生淋巴结转移时,多数转移至中央区,其次为颈侧区,颈侧区淋巴结转移中Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区转移率相当,且明显高于Ⅱ区.单因素分析结果显示,性别、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并结节性甲状腺肿与中央区、颈侧区淋巴结转移均有关(P＜0.05),而年龄和中央区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05),合并桥本甲状腺炎与颈侧区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性患者、年龄＜45岁、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),而多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论:甲状腺乳头状癌中年龄＜45岁的男性患者、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变可增加中央区淋巴结转移的风险.而表现为多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、可疑跳跃性转移及中央区淋巴结转移阳性的患者,颈侧区淋巴结转移风险性增加.     

早期口腔鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的研究进展

口腔鳞癌具有较高的隐匿性颈淋巴结转移率,然而,临床上对早期患者颈部淋巴结的处理还存在较大争议.从肿瘤原发灶浸润厚度、影像学方面探讨早期口腔鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的因素.对肿瘤原发灶浸润厚度>4 mm的患者,结合肿瘤影像学检查,建议行选择性颈部淋巴结清扫术.     

Tumor lymphangiogenesis correlates with lymph node metastasis and clinicopathologic parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvessel density (MVD) are important parameters for assessing the malignant potential of tumors and patient survival. In this report, the authors defined LVD as the density of D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels and MVD as the density of CD105-positive microvessels per unit area of tissue. It was reported previously that vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a major modulator of LVD and MVD. The objectives of this study were to clarify the clinical and prognostic significance of both LVD and MVD in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to elucidate the lymphangiogenic and angiogenic activities of VEGF-C in cancer tissues. METHODS: In total, 110 OSCC tissue samples were evaluated for LVD, MVD, and expression of VEGF-C using immunohistochemistry. Correlations among these parameters and clinicopathologic factors were examined. RESULTS: LVD was significantly higher in tumors that had very high expression of VEGF-C compared with tumors that had no/weak expression of VEGF-C. LVD correlated well with lymph node metastasis (P < .001). MVD was correlated significantly with positive lymph node metastasis (P < .001) but not with VEGF-C expression. In contrast, high expression of VEGF-C was correlated significantly with advanced tumor status (P = .041). Survival rates were lower in patients who had higher LVD (P < .001), higher MVD (P = .0028), and strong VEGF-C expression (P = .048). CONCLUSIONS: Lymphangiogenesis predominantly influenced metastasis-free survival. The current results suggested that LVD is a more useful tool than MVD and VEGF-C for deciding on therapeutic strategies in patients with OSCC.     

Preoperative BRAF mutation is predictive of occult contralateral carcinoma in patients with unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

Background and Objective: The optimal resection extent for clinically unilateral papillary thyroidmicrocarcinoma (PTMC) remains controversial. The objective was to investigate risk factors associated with occultcontralateral carcinoma, and put emphasis on the predictive value of preoperative BRAF mutation. Materials andMethods: 100 clinically unilateral PTMC patients all newly diagnosed, previously untreated were analyzed in aprospective cohort study. We assessed the T1799A BRAF mutation status in FNAB specimens obtained from allPTMC patients before undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT) and central lymph node dissection (CLND) for PTMC.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to reveal the incidence of contralateral occult cancer, differenceof risk factors and predictive value, with respect to the following variables: preoperative BRAF mutation status,age, gender, tumor size, multifocality of primary tumor, capsular invasion, presence of Hashimoto thyroiditisand central lymph node metastasis. Results: 20 of 100 patients (20%) had occult contralateral lobe carcinoma.On multi-variate analysis, preoperative BRAF mutation (p = 0.030, OR = 3.439) and multifocality of the primarytumor (p = 0.004, OR = 9.570) were independent predictive factors for occult contralateral PTMC presence.However, there were no significant differences between the presence of occult contralateral carcinomas and age,gender, tumor size, capsular invasion, Hashimoto thyroiditis and central lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:Total thyroidectomy, including the contralateral lobe, should be considered for the treatment of unilateral PTMCif preoperative BRAF mutation is positive and/or if the observed lesion presents as a multifocal tumor in theunilateral lobe.     

Surgical management of the neck in squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth

Nodal involvement in squamous cell carcinoma considerably lowers survival rate. Despite its importance, neck management has still not been adequately explored. The Authors have retrospectively reviewed the records of 112 cases. Unilateral N+ were treated with a homolateral therapeutic and a controlateral prophylactic neck dissection; bilateral N+ were treated with a bilateral therapeutic neck dissection. On first observation the majority of cases (66.1%) were T1–2. N+ patients accounted for 45.5%. Among N− patients, 21.3% of occult nodal metastases were observed. The 5-year survival rate was 52.7%. With N+ lesions, a radical neck dissection should be performed; the dissection should be performed bilaterally. With N− lesions a prophylactic modified radical neck dissection is recommended in T2–4 lesions.     

放射治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤疗效分析

分析１９９５年１２月～１９９８年９月收治的８９例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放射治疗的疗效,并探讨有无颈淋巴结转移对预后的影响。有颈部淋巴结转移３８例远途转移率３９．７％显著高于５１例无颈淋巴结转移组的 ５．８８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。前者生存率明显低于后者（ Ｐ＜０．０１）。