原发性肝癌自发破裂27例诊治体会

［目的］探讨原发性肝癌自发破裂治疗中不同处理方式的疗效。［方法］１９８１年至１９９８年２７例原发性肝癌自发破裂患者分别采用非手术治疗,冲洗引流,单纯大网膜或明胶海绵填塞修补,修补＋肝动脉插管化疗,修补＋肝动脉结扎及肝癌切除治疗。［结果］切除组的生存期大于１８个月,其它各组的生存期均少于６个月。［结论］肝癌切除显著延长了原发性肝癌自发破裂患者的生存期。     

原发性肝癌自发破裂27例诊治体会

（目的）探讨原发性肝癌自发破裂治疗中不同处理方式的疗法。（方法）１９８１年至１９９８年２７例原发性肝癌自发破裂患者分别采用非手术治疗,冲洗引流,单纯大网膜或明胶海绵堵塞修补,修补＋肝动脉插管化疗,修补＋肝动脉结扎及肝癌切除治疗。（结果）切除组的生存期大于１８个月,其它各组的生存期均少于６个月,（结论）肝癌切除显著延长了原发性肝癌自发破裂患者的生存期。     

18例肝癌破裂出血先TAE后手术治疗的体会

原发性肝癌的破裂出血是严重的并发症之一，治疗仍是外科棘手的问题。我院１９９４年１月～１９９９年２月行肝动脉介入栓塞（transcatheterarterialembolization，TAE）结合手术治疗肝癌破裂出血１８例报道如下。１材料与方法１．１临床资料我院１９９４年１月～１９９９年２月TAE治疗肝癌破裂出血１８例，患者平均年龄５０岁（３８～８２岁），其中男性１２例，女性６例。１８例均为原发性肝细胞肝癌，所有病例均经腹腔穿刺并经B超、CT等影像学诊断，生化检查AFP升高，手术治疗的病例均有病理诊断。肝功能Child－Push分级A级４例，…     

原发性肝癌自发性肝破裂介入治疗的护理

目的 探讨原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血采用肝动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗的围手术期护理.方法 对原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血患者,术前严密观察病情,监测生命体征,止血抗、休克治疗.术后观察病情,做好心理护理、体位护理及并发症的护理.结果 本组患者休克均得到纠正,所有患者均止血成功,无复发性出血及急性肝衰竭发生.结论 TAE是治疗原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血安全、有效的方法.做好围手术期护理,迅速建立有效输液通路,纠正失血性休克,术后预防并发症的发生是抢救原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血成功的重要因素.     

原发性肝癌自发性出血诊治体会（附32例报告）

目的 探讨原发性肝癌自发性出血临床诊治方式。方法 对本院32例原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血病人，采用不同的手术方式，其中单纯修补20例。手术切除12例。结果 本组死亡4例。经手术者平均生存期分别为6个月、18个月、36个月。结论 早期诊断，以手术为主的综合治疗仍是目前原发肝癌自发性出血理想的治疗方式，是降低病死率提高生存质量的重要因素。     

原发性肝癌自发性出血诊治体会(附32例报告)

目的　探讨原发性肝癌自发性出血临床诊治方式。方法　对本院 3 2例原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血病人 ,采用不同的手术方式 ,其中单纯修补 2 0例。手术切除 12例。结果　本组死亡 4例。经手术者平均生存期分别为 6个月、18个月、3 6个月。结论　早期诊断 ,以手术为主的综合治疗仍是目前原发肝癌自发性出血理想的治疗方式 ,是降低病死率提高生存质量的重要因素。     

28例原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的诊治经验

目的:探讨原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的发生机制,临床特点及诊治原则.方法:回顾性分析1990年10月～2000年10月行急诊剖腹手术治疗的28例原发性肝癌自发破裂出血患者的临床资料.结果:自发破裂出血多发于男性原发性肝癌患者,17例(61%)有肝炎病史,25例(89%)合并肝硬化.突发右上腹剧痛22例(79%),休克23例(82%),腹膜刺激症27例(96%).腹腔穿刺、B超及CT的诊断阳性率分别为82%、75%、91%.术中见肿瘤呈肿块型17例,结节型11例.术式分别为单纯修补2例,填塞压迫2例,肝动脉结扎2例,肝叶切除11例,单纯微波固化5例,微波固化加填塞压迫3例,微波固化加肝动脉结扎3例.7例出现术后合并症,分别为肝功能衰竭4例,肾功能衰竭1例,肺内感染l例,切口裂开1例.全组病例平均生存期7个月,主要死因为肝功能衰竭和食管静脉曲张破裂出血.结论:原发性肝癌自发破裂出血机制不清,急诊剖腹手术可以使部分患者Ⅰ期切除肿瘤,具有止血效果确切,再发出血率低的优点.预防肝功能衰竭是改善预后的关键.     

肝动脉插管栓塞治疗原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的疗效评价

目的　探讨经肝动脉插管栓塞 (TAE)治疗原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的临床价值。方法42例原发性肝癌自发破裂出血患者 ,根据治疗方法的不同分为 4组 :A组 15例 ,TAE后择期部分肝切除 ;B组 11例 ,单纯TAE治疗 ;C组 6例 ,急诊手术治疗 ;D组 10例 ,内科保守治疗。结果　A、B两组2 6例患者治疗前腹腔动脉造影 ,有 7例可见造影剂外渗 (2 6 .9% ) ,其余为富血供肿瘤染色。A、B、C3组的止血成功率 (10 0 % )明显高于D组 (4 0 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,3组的住院死亡率分别为 0 ,3.8%和 16 .7%(P≥ 0 .2 86 ) ,明显低于D组的 80 .0 % (P <0 .0 1)。A组 1年存活率为 76 .3% ,明显高于B组 (4 7.5 % )和C组 (4 3.7% ,P <0 .0 5 )。D组未有生存超过 1年者 ,与前述 3组差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论TAE是原发性肝癌破裂急诊止血的有效、安全方法。对可切除的肝癌患者 ,TAE后择期手术切除应作为首选治疗方案。     

12例原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的诊治

目的 探讨原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的发生机制、临床特点及诊治原则。方法 回顾性分析1991年10月至2002年6月行急诊剖腹手术治疗的12例原发性肝癌自发破裂出血患者的临床资料：结果 自发破裂出血多发于男性原发性肝癌患者，9例有肝炎病史，10例合并肝硬化，、突发右上腹剧痛8例，休克11例．腹膜刺激征11例。腹腔穿刺、B超及CT的诊断率分别为82％，75％，91％。术中见肿瘤呈现肿块型9例，结节型3例。术式分别为单纯修补2例，填塞压迫3例，微波固化加肝动脉结扎3例：7例出现术后合并症，分别为肝功能衰竭4例，肾衰竭1例，肺内感染1例，切口裂开1例。全组病例平均生存期7个月，主要死因为肝衰竭和食管静脉曲张破裂出血。结论 原发性肝癌自发破裂出血机制不清，急诊剖腹手术可以使鄙分患者Ⅰ期切除肿瘤，具有止血效果确切，再发出血率低的优点。预防肝衰竭是改善预后的关键，     

肝动脉插管化疗和栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌

目前,临床收治肝癌患者绝大多数已届中晚期,失去手术机会.因此一般认为肝癌患者自然生存期为1月~3个月.采用肝动脉插管化疗和栓塞治疗后患者的生存期平均延长6月~18个月,部分病人经导管治疗后还可获得Ⅱ期手术.1 材料和方法本组自1991年1月~1993年3月收治86例原发性肝癌,男71例,女15例,年龄28岁~72岁(平均51.5岁).所有肝癌患者术     

Transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Benefits and limitations for unresectable cases with liver cirrhosis evaluated by comparison with other conservative treatments

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was performed in cirrhotic patients with nonoccluded main portal trunk and total bilirubin levels less than 5 mg/dl. In 48 patients with tumor response to TAE, its benefit was evaluated by comparing their survival with that in 28 patients after conservative treatments, matched by clinical data. In TAE-treated patients, tumor findings on computerized tomography and angiogram were significantly different between those dying within 3 months and those surviving over 18 months. In cases of tumors occluding the first- or second-order portal branches or occupying more than 20% of the liver, or relatively hypovascular tumors with unclear boundaries, survival was not different between TAE- and non-TAE-treated patients, whereas it was significantly improved by TAE in cases without these findings. These results suggest that TAE is beneficial in cases of unresectable HCC complicating liver cirrhosis, but its benefit is limited under certain conditions.     

Clinical evaluation of palliative therapy for unresectable primary liver cancer

Ninety-nine patients with unresectable primary liver cancer were treated with ligation of the hepatic artery (LHA), intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (IAIC) or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) between 1960 and 1983. A statistical study was made of therapeutic effects and prognosis. The results are as follows: The mean survival time of 14 patients treated with LHA was about 5 months. The survival time of the LHA + IAIC with mitomycin C group was not prolonged as compared with that of the LHA group, but LHA + IAIC with Adriamycin (doxorubicin) group showed a significant prolongation of survival time over the LHA group. In the LHA + IAIC with Adriamycin group, the mean survival time was 12.8 months and the 1-year survival rate was 37.5%. Factors including age, presence of liver cirrhosis, number of involved segments, and degree of anaplasia graded on Edmondson's criteria did not influence survival time.     

原发性肝癌并不同类型动-静脉瘘的介入放射治疗

目的研究原发性肝癌合并动静脉瘘的DSA表现的分型及相应的介入治疗措施.方法原发性肝癌合并动静脉瘘92例,依据DSA表现分为二型,各有轻、中、重三度.对轻度瘘者直接采用碘化油肝动脉栓塞化疗;对中度瘘者首次介入治疗采用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞化疗,约1月后复查,如果瘘消失,则采用碘化油栓塞化疗;对重度瘘者,仅采用肝动脉灌注化疗.结果轻度瘘47例,共行152次碘化油肝动脉栓塞化疗,1年和2年生存率分别是68.1%和27.7%;中度瘘29例,首次介入治疗均行明胶海绵颗粒栓塞化疗,1月后27例得到复查,其中18例A-V瘘消失,获得碘化油肝动脉栓塞化疗共42次,1年和2年生存率分别为37.9%和6.9%;重度瘘16例,仅各行1次肝动脉灌注化疗,半年后随访无1例生存.结论1.将肝癌并A-V瘘在程度上进行分级有助于选择恰当的介入治疗方法;2.对轻、中度瘘的栓塞化疗是提高此类患者疗效的关键,尤其是对轻度瘘者的处理.     

肝动脉化疗灌注结合外放射治疗大肝癌30例分析

为了评价肝动脉化疗灌注（ＨＡＩ）结合外放射对不适宜做动脉栓塞（ＴＡＥ）治疗的肝癌患者的疗效。采用ＨＡＩ结合外放射的方法治疗不适宜做ＴＡＥ治疗的原发性大肝癌３０例。总有效率（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ）４０．０％，１，３，５ａ生存率分别为５８．４％，２０．２％，７．８％，平均生存期１３．６个月。多数病例能耐受治疗，但３例ＣｈｉｌｄＣ级病例中，有２例死于因治疗所致的肝功能衰竭。结果提示ＨＡＩ结合外放射是治疗不适宜行ＴＡＥ的大肝癌的有效方法，但不适于ＣｈｉｌｄＣ级患者。     

47例输尿管移行细胞癌术后辅助放疗疗效与预后分析

目的 探讨输尿管移行细胞癌术后辅助放疗疗效及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾分析1998-2008年内接受术后辅助放疗的47例输尿管移行细胞癌患者的临床资料.其中T_3+T_4期患者31例,7例有淋巴结转移.39例病理分级为c3,断端阳性13例.中位放疗剂量为印Gy(36～64 Gy),38例患者为区域照射.结果 中位随访时间21个月(6～88个月),随访率为92%.中位生存时间为35个月(5～88个月),2、5年总生存率分别为57%、49%.中位生存时间的单因素分析表明T_1+T_2期患者优于T_3+T_4期患者(42:19个月;χ~2=7.28,P=0.007),年龄≤65岁患者优于>65岁患者(28:18个月;χ~2=8.23,P=0.004),与根治术比较,非根治术患者在长期生存方面无显著性差别(21:20个月;χ~2=0.90,P=0.344);多因素分析表明T分期较晚(χ~2=7.89,P=0.005)、年龄>65岁(χ~2=4.85,P=0.028)、肾盂受累(χ~2=5.65,p=0.018)和肿瘤位于中下段(χ~2=6.08,P=0.014)是预后不良因素.结论 术后辅助放疗能改善局部晚期输尿管移行细胞癌手术切除患者疗效,T分期较晚及年龄>65岁是预后不良因素.     

Transcatheter arterial chemotherapy with and without embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the antitumor effect, adverse effects and survival between transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy (TAI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: The study population consisted of 168 consecutive patients with advanced HCC treated with transcatheter arterial treatments using cisplatin suspended in lipiodol. Among these, 74 patients were treated with TAE, and the remaining 94 patients were treated with TAI. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in any baseline characteristics except hemoglobin, platelets, albumin, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Complete or partial tumor response was achieved in 54 patients (73%) in the TAE group and in 48 patients (51%) in the TAI group (p < 0.01). There were two treatment-related deaths caused by acute hepatic failure and acute renal failure in the TAE group. Nausea and deterioration of serum transaminase after TAE were significantly more severe than after TAI. Median survival time and survival rates at 5 years were 3.1 years and 25% in the TAE group, and 2.5 years and 18% in the TAI group (p = 0.37). CONCLUSION: TAE has a higher antitumor effect than TAI, but does not significantly improve the survival of patients with HCC.     

肝癌破裂出血TAE后行肝切除及区域化疗的效果

目的：探讨肝癌破裂出血采用肝动脉栓塞术（TAE）止血后施行肝切除及区域性化疗的效果。方法：对27例肝癌破裂行急诊TAE止血，3～14天内开腹手术。结果：27例中，肝功能属Child A级5例，B级14例，C级8例，TAE止血率达100％。肝癌均获延期切除，其中半肝切除9例，中叶切除2例，局部切除9例，肿瘤切出1例．多发癌结节犬部分切除6例。术中均行腹腔温热化疗及肝动脉、门静脉插管术后灌注化疗。手术死亡率3．7％、1、3、5年生存率和无瘤生存率分别为80．1％和65．4％，68，4％和42．1％，27．3％和18.2％。结论：TAE止血及改善全身状况后手术，有利于提高肝癌切除率及行综合治疗，是提高该病疗效的有效方法。     

Assessment of therapeutic effects of cisplatin-phosphatidyl-choline-lipiodol (CPL) suspension for hepatocellular carcinoma]

Sixty-three patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with cisplatin-phosphatidyl-choline-Lipiodol (CPL) suspension. Partial response (PR) and minor response (MR) were obtained in 3 of 14 cases (21.4%) by one shot therapy, and in 13 of 43 cases (30.2%) by TAE therapy. AFP decreased in 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) by one shot therapy, and in 32 of 33 patients (97%) by TAE therapy. PIVKA II also decreased. The one-year survival rate was 74% in TAE therapy, and 52% in one shot therapy. The two-year survival rate was 53% in TAE therapy, and 28% in one shot therapy. Nausea, vomiting and fever were noted in most cases as adverse effects, but they were slight. The concentration of free-CDDP in the peripheral venous blood was lower and continued longer than that of CDDP on the market. These results suggest that CPL was useful as an anticancer agent for arterial chemotherapy or TAE therapy for unresectable HCC.     

One-shot therapy and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) therapy of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

407 cases of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring from 1970 to March 1985, including 107 cases receiving conservative therapy, 176 cases receiving one-shot therapy and 124 cases receiving transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) therapy, were studied and the efficacy of chemotherapy was compared with that of TAE therapy. The results were as follows; One-year survival rate was 2.8% with a median survival time of 1.3 months in conservative therapy. In the 176 cases of one-shot therapy, one-year survival rate was 21.0%, two-year 6.8% and three-year 2.3% and the median survival time was 4.8% months. In 120 cases of one-shot therapy which were compatible with criteria for one-shot injection of anticancer drugs via the hepatic artery for HCC, one-year survival rate was 30%. However the rate was 1.8% in 56 cases which were not compatible with the criteria. In 37 cases in which Mitomycin C (MMC) and Adriamycin (ADR) were administered alternately, one-year survival rate was 41.7%, two-year 16.1% and three-year 4.3%. The highest survival rate was obtained by TAE therapy. One-year survival rate was 66.9%, two-year 33.8% and three-year 28.9%. Decrease of AFP after therapy was noted in 42.4% of cases given one-shot therapy and in 95.2% of cases given TEA therapy. The results suggest that alternate administration of anticancer agents produces good chemotherapeutic effects and that the best life-prolongation is obtained by TAE therapy.     

Relationship between efficencies of segmental hepatic artery chemoembolization and PCNA labeling index in HCC

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in China as well as Southeast Asia and Africa. Many findings suggest that chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC[1]. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36 kilodalton, nonhistone protein known as cyclin[2], or auxiliary protein for DNA polymerase-d[3]. PCNA is essential for cellular DNA synthesis, and is closely linked to the cell cycle. Transcatheter…