脐尿管癌11例诊治分析

目的探讨脐尿管癌的诊断、治疗及方法。方法回顾性分析11例脐尿管癌患者的临床症状、影像学特点、治疗和随访结果。结果 11例脐尿管癌中黏液腺癌9例,腺癌2例。Ⅱ期1例、Ⅲ期9例、Ⅳ期1例。1例经尿道行膀胱肿瘤电切术,于术后2个月肿瘤复发,复发后7个月死亡;2例膀胱部分切除者分别于术后3、4个月复发和(或)转移,并分别于肿瘤复发后2、11个月后死亡;2例膀胱全切患者术后1.2、2年死于肿瘤复发;6例行扩大性膀胱部分切除术,其中4例术后1.1～2.1年死亡,1例术后5年无瘤生存,1例术后1.4年,仍在随访中。结论脐尿管癌发病位置隐匿,早期诊断较为困难,易误诊。主要治疗方法是扩大性膀胱部分切除术。脐尿管癌预后很差。     

扩大性部分膀胱切除治疗脐尿管癌（附3例）

目的:评价腹腔镜扩大性膀胱部分切除术治疗脐尿管癌的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾分析我院3例脐尿管癌患者的临床资料并文献复习,均采用腹腔镜扩大性膀胱部分切除术。结果:本组3例手术均成功,无中转开放。手术平均时间120(80~190) min;术中平均出血95(70~120) ml;术后平均住院4（3.5~4.5）天;术中、术后无明显并发症,术中、术后病理均证实术前诊断,病理切缘阴性;平均随访22.5（16~36）个月,放射学或膀胱镜检查未发现复发。结论:脐尿管癌患者行腹腔镜下扩大性膀胱部分切除术是安全、可行、疗效确切的方法,具有微创、手术视野清晰、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,对于仔细筛选的患者是值得推广的一种微创方法。     

脐尿管癌14例临床分析

背景与目的:脐尿管癌临床少见.本研究旨在探讨脐尿管癌的诊断与治疗方法,以提高其疗效.方法:回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心及中山大学附属第一医院1994年5月至2007年4月收治的14例脐尿管癌临床资料.结果:本组患者最常见的临床症状为血尿和膀胱刺激症状,膀胱镜检查主要表现为膀胱顶部宽基底肿物,影像学检查征象常见膀胱顶前壁与腹壁之间质软组织肿块影,常浸润膀胱壁.本组病例腺癌13例,恶性间质细胞瘤1例.7例行扩大性膀胱部分切除术患者中,1例术后24个月局部复发,6例随访14～120个月,中位随访42个月无复发:3例行全膀胱切除 尿流改道术,其中2例分别随访16个月和84个月无复发,1例术后3个月死于手术并发症;1例在外院行膀胱部分切除术,术后10个月局部复发;3例晚期未切除者行化疗,2例肿瘤无进展生存7个月和8个月,1例化疗后6个月死于肿瘤.本组病例1年、5年生存率分别为85.7%和61.2%.结论:扩大性膀胱部分切除术是值得推荐的手术方式.首次手术彻底切除肿瘤及对晚期及术后复发转移患者积极的综合治疗,是提高脐尿管癌疗效的关键.     

15例脐尿管病变的诊治分析

目的:对脐尿管肿瘤做到早发现早治疗,提高脐尿管肿瘤的诊治效果.方法:回顾性总结2005年-2016年收治的15例脐尿管病变的诊治过程.结果:经超声、CT、膀胱镜及病理等检查,确诊脐尿管腺癌11例,2例行根治性膀胱切除术,2例行膀胱部分切除术,11例行扩大性膀胱部分切除术.术后病理回报:黏液腺癌11例,印戒细胞癌1例,脐尿管瘘1例,子宫内膜异位症1例,脐尿管囊肿1例.4例行单一化疗,7例行联合化疗.术后均获随访.结论:超声、CT及膀胱镜等检查能及时发现脐尿管病变,扩大性膀胱部分切除术可作为脐尿管腺癌的主要手术方式.     

后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤41例报告

目的评价后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤的有效性和安全性。方法 2004年6月至2010年3月,我院采用后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗41例上尿路肿瘤患者。结果 41例手术均获得成功。手术时间90～220 min（平均150 min）。术中出血量50～150 ml（平均80 ml）,均未输血。术后住院天数7～10 d（平均8 d）。术后病理报告移行细胞癌40例,小细胞癌1例。随访1～69个月,平均28个月。2例患者出现膀胱肿瘤复发,1例患者术后2年出现肝脏和脾脏转移,1例患者术后15个月死于全身多处转移。结论后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤损伤小、手术时间短、出血少,术后恢复快。     

脐尿管癌13例诊治分析

目的探讨脐尿管癌的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析13例脐尿管腺癌的临床症状,影像学特点,病理学结果治疗和随访结果。结果血尿和膀胱刺激症状是最常见的临床症状。肿瘤大小平均为5.6cm,侵犯膀胱4例、脐周皮肤2例。行细针穿刺细胞学检查发现腺癌细胞2例。手术切除病变11例,术式包括:扩大性膀胱部分切除(9例)和根治性膀胱全切(2例)。2例行单纯盆腔放疗。复发和转移者行综合治疗。5年生存率为30.7%。结论CT是具有较高价值的诊断方法;B超引导下穿刺可得出组织学诊断;膀胱扩大切除术是可供选择的治疗方式;综合治疗可应用于复发转移者。     

后腹腔镜辅助小切口行肾部分切除21例疗效分析

目的:评估经后腹腔镜分离肿瘤,显露肾蒂,分离肾周脂肪后辅助小切口在部分早期肾细胞癌治疗中的临床疗效。方法:对于肿瘤直径大于4cm的周围性肿瘤及中央型、肾门旁肿瘤,采用腹腔镜下分离肾周脂肪,显露肾蒂后辅助小切口行肾部分切除,21例肾肿瘤患者术前均行CT平扫+增强。随机选取我科同期完全腹腔镜下肾部分切除16例作比较。结果:21例患者手术均顺利完成,肾蒂阻断时间为（22.90±3.72）min,平均手术时间为（189.71±12.99）min,术中出血量为（262.90±56.84）ml。瘤剜除术后病理示透明细胞癌15例,嫌色细胞癌2例,嗜酸性细胞瘤3例,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤1例,无1例切缘阳性。随访5-10个月,无1例术后复发。与同期16例完全腹腔肾肿瘤剜除术比较,肾蒂阻断时间、平均手术时间明显缩短（P<0.005）,术中出血量无统计学差异。结论:对于中央型肿瘤、肾门旁肿瘤及大于4cm的外周性肿瘤,后腹腔镜辅助小切口肾部分切除术明显减少肾热缺血时间及手术时间,保证肿瘤切缘阴性,结合了腹腔镜手术和传统开放手术的优势,降低手术难度,值得进一步推广运用。     

同期腹腔镜下双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌手术中的应用

目的 探讨同期腹腔镜下双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌手术中的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2012年4月至2014年8月采用该手术方法治疗的14例阴茎鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料。结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术平均时间112 min,术中平均出血量47 ml,平均住院时间10 d;平均切除淋巴结数量为9.1枚,14例共28处腹股沟淋巴结中,2处有5枚淋巴结发生转移。术后1例患者右侧下肢出现皮下积液伴高热,经治疗后好转,其余患者无明显并发症。术后随访2～48个月,所有患者均无肿瘤复发和转移。结论 阴茎癌同期行腹腔镜双侧淋巴结清扫术具有术中出血少、术后恢复快、住院时间短、并发症少等优点,是一项安全有效的手术。     

腹腔镜全膀胱根治性切除术治疗膀胱癌(附4例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜全膀胱根治术的手术方法及其临床效果。方法:均采用气管插管麻醉。腹腔镜下切除膀胱和前列腺。结果:手术时间为256～476分钟,平均为368分钟;术中出血量为100～400ml,平均为248ml。肠道恢复时间为术后1～3天,平均为1.5天。术后2～4天开始进食。手术后8～13天痊愈出院。手术后病理报告:4例均为膀胱移行细胞癌Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,其中3例浸润浅肌层。手术中和手术后均未发生并发症。手术后随访6～9个月,一般状况良好,无肿瘤复发及转移。结论:腹腔镜全膀胱根治术具有创伤小、解剖清晰、术中出血少和术后恢复快等优点,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的远期预后

目的探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的远期预后疗效。方法选取2012年2月至2013年2月间甘肃省人民医院收治的行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗的63例膀胱癌患者,对其生存状况及肿瘤复发情况进行跟踪随访。结果 63例膀胱癌患者平均手术时间为388.4 min,术中平均出血量为680.5 ml,肠道功能恢复时间平均为3.28 d,住院时间平均为16.8 d,盆腔淋巴结清扫个数平均为10枚,未出现尿漏及肠瘘等围手术期并发症。最初30 d内患者尿流控制较差,30~90 d内患者尿流控制得到明显改善。术后平均膀胱容量为385.2 ml,平均膀胱内压为13.2 cm H_2O,平均尿流率为11.8 ml/s,平均残余尿量为18.5 ml,平均功能性尿道长度为3.2 cm。同时保留勃起神经对男性性功能保护良好。中位随访时间为27个月,3年总体生存率和无复发生存率分别为73.0%和69.4%。不同病理分期、是否器官局限性及有无淋巴结的总体生存率和无复发生存率之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌,具有恢复快、术后并发症少、术后较好的控尿功能等特点,同时有效保留男性性功能,生存预后较好。     

腹腔镜辅助括约肌间切除超低位直肠癌保肛手术的疗效研究

目的评价腹腔镜辅助括约肌间切除(ISR)超低位直肠癌保肛手术的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2011年9月在我院实施的连续30例超低位直肠癌腹腔镜ISR手术的临床资料,与同期30例行开腹ISR手术患者进行比较,比较两组患者围手术期情况、肿瘤安全性、术后排便功能及近期疗效。结果腹腔镜组均行全直肠系膜切除(TME),且完全保留盆腔自主神经,没有中转开腹病例,中位手术时间213min,中位出血量80ml,术后中位住院时间14d,术后并发症9例(9/30),其中8例是肛周粪渍性湿疹,1例结肠黏膜脱出。与开腹手术组患者比较,腹腔镜手术组时间较短,出血量较少,住院时间较短,差异有统计学意义,并发症发生率无显著性差异。两组患者术后肛门排便功能以及直肠肛管测压结果无显著性差异。两组患者肿瘤安全性方面无显著性差异,中位随访时间17个月,两组均无局部复发、远处转移,全部患者无瘤生存。结论超低位直肠癌行腹腔镜ISR保肛手术技术上是可行的,短期疗效满意,是一种微创、安全的可供选择的保肛手术方法。     

Left jackknife position: a novel position for laparoscopic hepatectomy

Background:Laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located in segment Ⅵ,Ⅶ,or Ⅷ of the liver is usually difficult because of poor operative exposure,due to the unique anatomical structure.In this study,we evaluated the practice of laparoscopic hepatectomy with the left jackknife position for patients with HCC located in segment Ⅵ,Ⅶ,or Ⅷ.Methods:A total of 10 patients were enrolled to undergo laparoscopic hepatectomy with the left jackknife position.Tumors located in segment Ⅵ,Ⅶ,or Ⅷ were assessed by preoperative dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative fasting time,postoperative drainage time,major postoperative complications,and duration of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Results:All surgeries were successfully completed.None of the patients required conversion to open surgery during the procedure,and no serious postoperative complications were observed.The median tumor size was 31 mm (range 23-41 mm) in diameter,the mean operation time was 166 ± 38 min,the mean intraoperative blood loss was 220 ± 135 mL,and the median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (range 2-7 days).Conclusions:For HCC located in segment Ⅵ,Ⅶ,or Ⅷ,laparoscopic hepatectomy with this novel position—the left jackknife position—is safe and effective during tumor resection by exposing a sufficient operating field.     

膀胱脐尿管癌合并膀胱尿路上皮癌1例及文献复习

目的:探讨脐尿管癌的诊断和治疗方法。方法:报道1例膀胱脐尿管癌合并膀胱尿路上皮癌,探讨脐尿管癌的诊治。结果:患者为72岁老年男性,2004年手术确诊为膀胱尿路上皮癌。2013年6月因右下腹肿块手术,术后病理提示肿块为膀胱脐尿管腺癌。故患者诊断为膀胱癌及膀胱脐尿管双原发癌。结论:脐尿管癌是来源于脐尿管残存组织的少见恶性上皮肿瘤,由于发生部位特殊,早期诊断困难。膀胱部分切除术是主要的治疗方法,病理分期是主要的预后因素。目前仍没有公认的化疗方法,预后较差。     

Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomised trial

BACKGROUND: The safety and short-term benefits of laparoscopic colectomy for cancer remain debatable. The multicentre COLOR (COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection) trial was done to assess the safety and benefit of laparoscopic resection compared with open resection for curative treatment of patients with cancer of the right or left colon. METHODS: 627 patients were randomly assigned to laparoscopic surgery and 621 patients to open surgery. The primary endpoint was cancer-free survival 3 years after surgery. Secondary outcomes were short-term morbidity and mortality, number of positive resection margins, local recurrence, port-site or wound-site recurrence, metastasis, overall survival, and blood loss during surgery. Analysis was by intention to treat. Here, clinical characteristics, operative findings, and postoperative outcome are reported. FINDINGS: Patients assigned laparoscopic resection had less blood loss compared with those assigned open resection (median 100 mL [range 0-2700] vs 175 mL [0-2000], p<0.0001), although laparoscopic surgery lasted 30 min longer than did open surgery (p<0.0001). Conversion to open surgery was needed for 91 (17%) patients undergoing the laparoscopic procedure. Radicality of resection as assessed by number of removed lymph nodes and length of resected oral and aboral bowel did not differ between groups. Laparoscopic colectomy was associated with earlier recovery of bowel function (p<0.0001), need for fewer analgesics, and with a shorter hospital stay (p<0.0001) compared with open colectomy. Morbidity and mortality 28 days after colectomy did not differ between groups. INTERPRETATION: Laparoscopic surgery can be used for safe and radical resection of cancer in the right, left, and sigmoid colon.     

腹腔镜与开腹肝肿瘤切除术临床疗效的对比分析

背景与目的:随着腹腔镜技术在肝脏外科中的应用日渐广泛,腹腔镜肝切除的安全性和可行性逐步得到了认可,该研究旨在探讨腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除术与开腹肝肿瘤切除术的可行性与临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院2015年3月—2016年3月37例接受腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除术与74例接受传统开腹肝肿瘤切除术患者的临床资料,计量资料采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,统计值为Z,计数资料采用Fisher精确概率检验;分析手术时间、术中出血量、手术后胃肠道恢复时间、手术后引流管拔管时间、住院时间、术后并发症和住院费用等临床资料.腹腔镜组:男性20例,女性17例,年龄18~76岁(中位年龄55岁);开腹组:男性42例,女性32例,年龄26~74岁(中位年龄54岁).切肝方式为超声刀+单极电凝,结合腹腔镜下切割缝合器.腹腔镜组的手术方式包括:局部切除13例;行肝段或肝叶解剖性切除24例.开腹组的手术方式包括:局部切除33例;行肝段或肝叶解剖性切除41例.结果:手术平均用时:腹腔镜组为149 min(40~204 min),开腹组为142 min(45~190 min).术中出血量:腹腔镜组为220 mL(30~570 mL),开腹组为360 mL(90~970 mL).平均住院时间:腹腔镜组为4.9 d(3.0~6.0 d),开腹组为6.8 d(5.0~9.0 d).手术后胃肠道恢复平均时间:腹腔镜组为1.1 d,开腹组为2.3 d.手术后引流管拔管时间:腹腔镜组为3.1 d,开腹组为5.8 d.平均住院费用:腹腔镜组为38760元,开腹组为39145元.手术后并发症:腹腔镜组为8.1%(3/37),开腹组为9.5%(7/74).结论:腹腔镜肝切除术是一种安全、有效、微创的手术,可安全用于局部、肝段及半肝切除术,值得推广使用.     

Prospective,single-center cohort study analyzing the efcacy of complete laparoscopic resection on recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Laparoscopic hepatectomy is increasingly being used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). How?ever, few studies have examined the treatment of recurrent HCC in patients who received a prior hepatectomy. The present prospective study compared the clinical efcacy of laparoscopic surgery with conventional open surgery in HCC patients with postoperative tumor recurrence. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 64 patients, all of whom had undergone open surgery once before, who were diagnosed with recurrent HCC between June 2014 and November 2014. The laparoscopic group (n = 31)underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy, and the control group (n tion time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical margins, postoperative pain scores, postoperative time until the patient= 33) underwent conventional open surgery. Opera?could walk, anal exsufation time, length of hospital stay, and inpatient costs were compared between the two groups. The patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery, and relapse?free survival was compared between the two groups. Results: All surgeries were successfully completed. No conversion to open surgery occurred in the laparoscopic group, and no serious postoperative complications occurred in either group. No significant difference in inpatient costs was found between the laparoscopic group and the control group (P = 0.079), but significant differencesbetween the two groups were observed for operation time (116.7 ± 37.5 vs. 148.2 ± 46.7 min, P = 0.031), intraopera?tive blood loss (117.5 ± 35.5 vs. 265.9 ± 70.3 mL, P = 0.012), postoperative time until the patient could walk (1.6 ± 0.6vs. 2.2 ± 0.8 days, P < 0.05), anal exsufation time (2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 2.8 ± 0.7 days, P = 0.041), visual analogue scale pain score (P < 0.05), postoperative hepatic function (P < 0.05), and length of hospital stay (4.5 ± 1.3 vs. 6.0 ± 1.2 days,P= 0.014). During the 1?year postoperative follow?up period, 6 patients in each group had recurrent HCC on the side of the initial operation, but no significant difference between groups was observed in the recurrence rate or relapse?free survival. In the laparoscopic group, operation time, postoperative time until the patient could walk, anal exsufation time, and inpatient costs were not different (P > 0.05) between the patients with contralateral HCC recur?rence (n = 18) and those with ipsilateral HCC recurrence (n = 13). However, intraoperative blood loss was signifi?cantly less (97.7 ± 14.0 vs. 186.3 ± 125.6 mL, P = 0.012) and the hospital stay was significantly shorter (4.2 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 1.7 days, P = 0.021) for the patients with contralateral recurrence than for those with ipsilateral recurrence. Conclusions: For the patients who previously underwent conventional open surgical resection of HCC, complete laparoscopic resection was safe and effective for recurrent HCC and resulted in a shorter operation time, less intraop?erative blood loss, and a faster postoperative recovery than conventional open surgery. Laparoscopic resection was especially advantageous for the patients with contralateral HCC recurrence.     

肝癌腹腔镜及开腹治疗的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜及开腹肝癌切除术的治疗效果.方法:选取2012年4月至2014年12月的22例腹腔镜肝癌切除术(腔镜组)与57例开腹肝癌切除术(开腹组)患者,对比两者的相关临床资料.结果:两组均顺利完成肝癌切除术.腔镜组术中出血量、拔管时间、术后引流量、术后住院时间均明显少于开腹组(P＜0.05),而手术时间两组无明显差异(P＞0.05),治疗后腔镜组并发症发生率、复发率、生存率依次为4.5％、0％、100％,开腹组依次为10.5％、5.3％、94.7％,两组并发症发生率差别无意义(P＞0.05),腔镜组较开腹组生存率高、复发率低(P＜0.05).术后腹腔镜组AST、ALT、ALB以及TBIL水平均明显优于开腹组(P＜0.05).结论:腹腔镜肝癌切除术安全可靠,与开腹手术比较,具有手术创伤小,术后恢复快,住院时间短的优点.     

手助腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌疗效对比的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析评价手助腹腔镜(hand-assisted laparoscopic,HALS)与开腹手术(open surgery,OS)两种术式治疗结直肠癌的疗效及安全性。方法检索筛选发表于2000年至2013年的有关手助腹腔镜与开腹手术两种术式治疗结直肠癌疗效比较的文献,使用Rev-Man 5.0软件进行数据处理。结果共纳入了8篇文献,计812例患者,其中手助腹腔镜手术治疗407例,开腹手术治疗405例。Meta分析结果提示手助腹腔镜组出血量少(P0.000 01),肠功能恢复时间早(P0.000 01),术后住院天数少(P0.000 01),术后并发症发生率较低(P=0.009);而手术时间及清扫淋巴结数目与开腹组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论手助腹腔镜手术在结直肠癌治疗上较开腹手术更加安全有效。     

保留回盲部的完全腹腔镜右侧横结肠癌根治术的可行性及安全性分析北大核心

目的:探讨保留回盲部的完全腹腔镜右侧横结肠癌根治术的可行性、安全性及近期疗效。方法:回顾性分析中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院2018年01月至2020年12月行保留回盲部的完全腹腔镜右侧横结肠癌根治术患者27例的临床资料,统计并分析患者的临床病理特征、手术情况、术后恢复及围手术期并发症等资料。结果:27例患者均成功完成保留回盲部的完全腹腔镜右侧横结肠癌根治术,中位手术时间为120.0 min,中位术中出血量为20.0 mL。标本中位近端切缘长度为12.0 cm,中位远端切缘长度为11.0 cm,中位淋巴结检出数目为27.0枚。患者中位术后下地时间、进食时间、排气时间和住院时间分别为18.0 h、13.0 h、32.0 h和6.0 d,中位住院费用为71618.5元。随访过程中,仅1例患者术后出现切口感染,1例患者术后出现淋巴漏,保守治疗后均痊愈。患者术后1月、3月、6月及1年腹泻发生率分别为22.2%、7.4%、3.7%及3.7%。所有患者均未出现吻合口狭窄、吻合口漏、吻合口出血、肠梗阻等严重并发症。随访期间无患者出现肿瘤复发或者转移。结论:保留回盲部的完全腹腔镜右侧横结肠癌根治术切实可行,近期疗效较为满意,可能有助于降低结肠癌术后腹泻的发生率。