锌对氯化汞免疫毒性的影响及其机理

为了探讨锌对氯化汞免疫毒性的影响,采用免疫毒理学和生化毒理学方法观察氯化汞染毒的ＩＣＲ小鼠血中碳廊清率、绵阳红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）致敏小鼠迟发型过敏反应（ＤＴＨ）、二硝基氯苯（ＤＮＣＢ）所致的迟发型皮肤过敏反应（ＤＣＨ）、血清溶血素（ＨＣ５０）和免疫脏器系数,结果显示：上述指标均明显低于对照组;预先给予醋酸锌后再给同剂量氯化汞的小鼠上述各指标均有不同程度提高;免疫器官脂质过氧化作用,汞组脂质过氧化物（     

外源性超氧化物歧化酶对氯化汞免疫毒性的影响

采用免疫毒理学方法观察外源性ＳＯＤ对汞的免疫毒性的影响。结果氯化汞染毒的ＩＣＲ小鼠血中碳廓清率、ＳＲＢＣ致敏小鼠迟发型过敏反应（ＤＴＨ），ＤＮＣＢ所致的迟发型皮肤过敏反应（ＤＣＨ），血清溶血素（Ｈｃ５０）和免疫脏器系数均明显低于对照组，预先给予ＳＯＤ后再给同剂量氯化汞的小鼠除Ｈｃ５０外上述各指标均有不同程度提高。免疫器官脂质过氧化作用，汞组脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量明显高于对照组，ＳＯＤ活性比对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＳＯＤ－汞组与汞组比较，ＬＰＯ含量明显降低，ＳＯＤ活性明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示外源性ＳＯＤ能拮抗氯化汞所致的免疫毒性和脂质过氧化作用。     

外源性超氧化物歧化酶对醋酸铅免疫毒性的影响

目的探讨外源性超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）对醋酸铅免疫毒性的拮抗作用。方法采用免疫毒理学方法观察外源性ＳＯＤ对醋酸铅免疫毒性的影响。结果醋酸铅染毒的昆明种小鼠血中碳粒廓清率、ＳＲＢＣ致敏小鼠迟发型过敏反应（ＤＴＨ）、ＤＮＣＢ所致的迟发型皮肤过敏反应（ＤＣＨ）、血清溶血素（Ｈｃ５０）和免疫脏器系数均明显低于对照组,预先给于ＳＯＤ后再给同剂量醋酸铅的小鼠除Ｈｃ５０外上述各指标均有不同程度提高,免疫器官脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量,醋酸铅组明显高于对照组,而ＳＯＤ－醋酸铅组ＬＰＯ含量比醋酸铅组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论外源性ＳＯＤ能拮抗醋酸铅所致的免疫毒性和脂质过氧化作用。     

丙溴磷对人红细胞的毒性作用

研究了农药丙溴磷对人红细胞的毒性作用。采用Ｂｉａｌｓｃｈｅ试剂直接法测定人红细胞膜唾液酸（ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ）含量；采用ＤＴＮＢ直接法测定全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。当丙溴磷反应终浓度在２×１０－４～２×１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ降低，并呈剂量－反应关系；同时，全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性降低，与ＲＢＣｍ－ＳＡ降低基本呈平行关系。结果显示：丙溴磷对红细胞有明显毒性作用，这可能是其非胆碱能毒性作用的重要基础。     

表达大肠杆菌肠毒素ST_1—LT_B融合蛋白工程菌株的免疫原性研究

已构建的能表达大肠杆菌肠毒素ＳＴ１—ＬＴＢ融合蛋白的工程菌株ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）（ｐＸＥＴ－ＳＬＴ１）及其表达产物经动物试验证实没有毒性反应。用从ＩＰＴＧ诱导的工程菌中提取的包涵体或经甲醛灭活的工程菌制成抗原，免疫小鼠，结果免疫小鼠至少能抵抗１．５ＬＤ１００的大肠杆菌强毒株Ｃ８３９０２（Ｋ８８ａｃ，ＳＴ＋，ＬＴ＋）的攻击。用提取的包涵体免疫家兔后，采集的血清能够中和天然ＳＴ１的毒性。这表明构建的工程菌株ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）（ｐＸＥＴＳＬＴ１）可以作为预防幼畜大肠杆菌性腹泻基因工程菌苗的候选株。     

间二硝基苯染毒对大鼠血清生化指标的影响

目的探讨间二硝基苯（ｍ－ＤＮＢ）染毒对肝、肾及代谢方向的影响。方法用ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ７１５０型全自动生化分析仪分析ｍ－ＤＮＢ染毒大鼠血清常规生化指标。结果ｍ－ＤＮＢ染毒大鼠血清胆红毒和肾功能指标的改变相对比较突出,而多数血清酶、脂质和载脂蛋白等指标的影响均较小。结论血清胆红素、肌酐（ＣＲＥ）和尿酸（ＵＡ）可能是ｍ－ＤＮＢ所致的肝脏和肾脏毒性的敏感指标     

对二氯苯“三致”作用的研究现状

对二氯苯 (Ｐ ＤＣＢ)是一种氯代芳香烃类化合物 ,自 190 5年首次合成以来 ,主要用作居室的防蛀剂和卫生间的除臭剂 ,少数用作化学工业的中间体。5 0年代初国外开始进行Ｐ ＤＣＢ的一般毒性研究 ,以后相继开展了Ｐ ＤＣＢ的生殖毒性与致畸、致癌、致突变性研究。 1987年国际癌症研究机构 (ＩＡＲＣ)根据美国国家毒理学规划署 (ＮＴＰ)的动物实验研究结果 ,将Ｐ ＤＣＢ确定为可能的人类致癌物。因而 ,Ｐ ＤＣＢ的毒性与致癌性开始引起关注。本文仅就近几年来Ｐ ＤＣＢ的“三致”作用研究现状作一简要概述。1　致畸性Ｐ ＤＣＢ的致畸性研究资…     

钼和汞联合染毒对小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核率影响

［目的］探讨对钼对汞遗传毒性的影响。［方法］观察采用腹腔注射钼酸钠和氯化汞联合染毒对小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核率的影响。［结果］连续４天给小鼠注射ＨｇＣｌ２［１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｂｗ）］的同时注射１０、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｂｗ）］的Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４可显著降低ＨｇＣｌ２的致小鼠微核率（Ｐ〈０．００１）;在ＨｇＣｌ２［１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｂｗ）给小鼠染毒前３天连续注射１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｂｗ）Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４可显著地     

三种苯胺衍生物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

本项研究选用三种化学结构相似，致癌／致突变强度不同的苯胺衍生物处理ＢＡＲＢ／Ｃ小鼠，然后对其进行免疫学检测。结果显示，随着化学物致癌／致突变性的增强，对机体体液免疫和非特异性免疫功能的抑制作用增强，并有明显的剂量－反应关系。     

精氨酸对结肠,直肠癌病人免疫功能及肿瘤细胞增殖活性的影响

目的：研究精氨酸（Ａｒｇ）对结肠、直肠癌病人的免疫功能和肿瘤细胞增殖活性的影响。方法：结、直肠腺癌病人３０例，随机分为实验组、对照组。实验组每天静脉输注Ａｒｇ２５ｇ，连续３天。检测细胞免疫指标〔Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ８＾＋）、ＮＫ细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率〕、红细胞免疫指标〔红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）、红细胞免疫复合物花环率（ＲＢＣ－ＩＣＲ）〕、体液免疫指标（免疫     

Ultrastructural alterations produced in cockerels after mercuric chloride toxicity and subsequent interaction with an organophosphate insecticide

Ultrastructural changes of liver and kidneys of cockerels exposed to mercuric chloride and subsequent interaction with methylobromofenvinphos (IPO 63 compound) were studied. Group A birds were treated for 4 weeks with 300 ppm mercuric chloride in drinking water; Group B birds were treated for 4 weeks with mercuric chloride followed by single oral dose of 240 mg/kg of IPO 63; Group C 240 mg/kg IPO 63 only; and Group D, unexposed controls.Hepatocytes of mercury-IPO 63 interaction group B showed large lysosomes containing myelin bodies, swollen mitochondria with cristeolysis, dilated endoplasmic reticulum and numerous vacuoles containing granular material. Mercury-intoxicated birds showed similar but less severe changes, whereas IPO 63-treated birds showed accumulation of glycogen granules, fat droplets, and few lysosomal bodies as well as other changes.Renal corpuscles of kidney from mercury-IPO 63 interaction birds revealed minor ultrastructural changes as vacuolation, swollen mitochondria of podocytes and slight thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Proximal tubular cells showed extreme damage such as, microvillar loss, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of lysosomal bodies, glycogen granules, myelin figures, swollen mitochondria with granular material, numerous vacuoles containing degenerated membranous organelles and distorted, pyknotic nucleus with marked dilation of nuclear membrane. Mercury intoxicated birds showed similar but less pronounced changes in tubules.These observations suggest that the effect of mercuric chloride toxicity and then interaction with an organophosphorus insecticide causes extreme damage to hepatic and renal cells that appears to be additive.     

Effect of administration sequence of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite on their fates and toxicities in mice

Interaction of mercury and selenium was examined in mice given mercuric chloride (25 μmol/kg) intravenously with sodium selenite (25 μmol/kg, iv) according to various administration schedules. Body weight of the mice given mercuric chloride or selenite alone did not increase, but the mice given both compounds simultaneously grew as well as control mice. On the other hand, only a 1-hr shift of administration of either compound canceled the mutual detoxifying effect. The most conspicuous changes in tissue distribution of mercury and selenium and in gel filtration patterns of both elements accumulating in tissues of the mice were observed when both compounds were administered simultaneously. These experimental results indicate that the interaction of mercuric mercury with selenite in mice occurred to the greatest extent upon simultaneous administration, supporting the hypothesis that the interaction primarily occurs in the blood stream.     

参芍葡萄籽提取物方剂对小鼠免疫调节作用的实验研究

目的探讨参芍葡萄籽提取物方剂对环磷酰胺致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法对免疫抑制小鼠进行免疫器官重量影响、迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素实验、小鼠碳廓清实验,统计各个指标结果。结果参芍葡萄籽提取物方剂对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用显著,免疫器官重量、迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素实验和小鼠碳廓清实验结果均为阳性。结论参芍葡萄籽提取物方剂具有较好的免疫调节作用。     

硒对汞致小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤的影响

目的　探讨硒对汞致小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤的拮抗作用。方法　小鼠同时或先后经腹腔注射 0 .9、0 .3 和0 .1 mg/kg亚硒酸钠与1 .0mg/kg氯化汞水溶液,1次/ d,连续处理2 d;采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验研究上述处理对小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤的影响。结果　不同剂量的硒和汞同时染毒时,高硒组其DNA平均迁移长度极显著低于单独汞组(P<0 .01);染汞之前给硒,与单独汞组比较,加硒组其DNA平均迁移长度极显著降低(P<0. 01),且中、低剂量组降低更为明显;染汞之后给硒,3个加硒组其 DNA平均迁移长度极显著低于单独汞组(P<0 .01),硒剂量越高,降低越明显。结论　硒对汞致淋巴细胞DNA损伤有拮抗作用,但这一作用和其染毒剂量及染毒顺序有关。     

Comparative toxicology of mercurials in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that can exist in multiple chemical species. Humans are commonly exposed to methylmercury and Hg vapor, which are converted to mercuric species in the body. Despite years of research, little information exists on the similarities and differences in the mechanisms of Hg toxicity. The relative toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)) and methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) in Caenorhabditis elegans was determined in assays that measured growth, feeding, reproduction, and locomotion. The effect of HgCl(2) and MeHgCl on the expression of several archetypal stress-response genes was also determined. There was no significant difference between the EC50s of the two mercurials in terms of C. elegans growth. However, MeHgCl was more toxic to C. elegans than HgCl(2) when assessing feeding, movement, and reproduction, all of which require proper neuromuscular activity. Methylmercury chloride exposure resulted in increased steady-state levels of the stress response genes at lower concentrations than HgCl(2). In general, MeHgCl was more toxic to C. elegans than HgCl(2), particularly when assaying behaviors that require neuromuscular function.     

The toxicity of three mercurials to Pteronarcys californica newport,and some possible physiological effects which influence the toxicities

There is little information available on the toxicity of mercurials to aquatic insects. The information that is available is confined to field observations or medium tolerance limit (TLm) values using only one form of mercury.The TLm values were determined for three different forms of mercury (phenylmercuric-, and methylmercuric-, and mercuric chloride) to the stonefly Pteronarcys californica. The order of toxicity of the three forms was found to be phenylmercuric chloride > methylmercuric chloride > mercuric chloride. The in vivo effect of the three forms of mercury on isolated gylceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase was also measured.Two possible physiological factors involved in determining the toxicity of mercury (or other metals) to aquatic insects may be the catabolic pathways being employed at any period during the year, particularly during periods of molting, and age of the instar.     

鳕鱼肝油对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

目的探讨鳕鱼肝油对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法SPF级雌性昆明种小鼠200只随机分为五大组,每组分为4小组,分别为低、中、高3个剂量组和1个溶剂对照组,连续灌胃（20ml／kg·体重）30d后,测定脾淋巴细胞转化、迟发型变态反应、抗体生成细胞数量、血清溶血素水平、碳廓清原、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力和NK细胞活性等七项免疫指标。结果各剂量组的各项检测结果与阴性对照组比,均能刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、转化作用;促进小鼠迟发型变态反应作用;提高小鼠抗体生成细胞数和血清溶血素水平,增强小鼠NK细胞活性。结论鳕鱼肝油具有增强小鼠免疫功能作用。