Distal radius osteotomy in the elderly patient using angular stable implants and Norian bone cement

PURPOSE: To report our results after testing the combination of two technologies--angular-stable locking screw implants and Norian SRS cement--in corrective osteotomies of the distal radius in the elderly. This technique eliminates donor site bone-graft morbidity and expands the indications of corrective osteotomies to older patients with osteoporotic bone. METHODS: Our retrospective series include 6 patients (5 women and 1 man) with an average age of 60 years. Three patients had corrections through a dorsal approach, 1 through a volar approach, and 2 through a combined approach. Two corrections included an intraarticular osteotomy. We used 2.4-mm volar T plates in patients approached volarly and 2.4-mm L and T plates for those approached dorsally; the osseous defect was filled with bone cement (Norian SRS). Range of motion and grip strength were measured at 16 months average follow-up. Standard wrist radiographs were taken to evaluate alignment and determine improvement. At final follow-up, patients completed the Modified Mayo Wrist score, the Modified Gartland and Werley score, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. RESULTS: There were no perioperative complications. All corrective osteotomies healed. One patient required a Darrach procedure at 6 months. The average wrist and forearm motion was 77% of the opposite side and grip strength 88% of the opposite side. The average total correction in the sagittal plane was 22 degrees with all patients returning to neutral or better alignment. The average ulnar variance improvement was 2 mm. Average postoperative DASH was 28 points; average Modified Mayo Wrist score was 68; and the Modified Gartland and Werley score averaged 9 points. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that corrective osteotomy of the distal radius in the elderly using angular stable implants and Norian calcium phosphate cement is a safe and predictable surgical technique, even in patients with underlying osteoporosis. It eliminates donor site morbidity, and patient-rated outcome measures demonstrated acceptable daily living function return.     

Surgical correction of dorsally angulated distal radius malunions with fixed angle volar plating: a case series

PURPOSE: To report our experience using a fixed-angle volar plate in conjunction with a corrective osteotomy and cancellous bone graft for the treatment of distal radius malunions with dorsal angulation in 4 patients. METHODS: Four consecutive patients had a volarly based opening wedge osteotomy with a fixed angle volar plate and cancellous bone grafting for the treatment of a dorsally angulated distal radius malunion. Data collected retrospectively included a visual analog pain scale, grip strength, range of motion, radiographic parameters, and each patient's subjective functional outcomes as measured by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Motion, strength, and radiographic values were compared with the contralateral arm for each patient. RESULTS: The average time from initial fracture to corrective osteotomy was 346 days. The average length of follow-up evaluation was 13.5 months. The flexion-extension arc of motion increased an average of 21 degrees to a value of 84% of the contralateral side; the pronation-supination arc of motion increased an average of 20 degrees to a value of 98% of the contralateral side. The average tilt of the radius improved from 26 degrees extension to 2 degrees extension; the average radial inclination improved from 22 degrees to 24 degrees; the average ulnar variance excluding the 1 patient who had a distal ulna resection improved from 5 mm to 1 mm. The average retrospective Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score improved from 30 to 7; the average retrospective visual analog pain scale score improved from 4.5 to 1. The average grip strength increased from 20 to 29 kg, which corresponded to 73% of the contralateral extremity. CONCLUSIONS: The rigid characteristics of fixed angle volar plates can provide an alternative to the traditional techniques of distal radius osteotomy including structural bone grafting and dorsal plate fixation or external fixation. In addition these plates are strong enough to allow for early postoperative motion. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.     

DVR解剖型接骨板结合注射型人工骨治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折

<正>2012年3月~2014年1月,我们采用DVR(distal volaris radius)解剖型桡骨远端锁定接骨板治疗38例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折,同时植入注射型人工骨填充骨缺损,术后早期功能锻炼,获得了较好的治疗效果,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组38例,男21例,女17例,年龄28~72岁。按AO分类:B2型4例,B3型7例,C1型11例,C2型9例,C3型7例。     

Corrective osteotomy for malunited extra-articular fractures of the distal radius: A follow-up study of 33 patients

We present a series of 33 consecutive patients treated with lengthening osteotomy due to malunited extra-articular fractures of the distal radius. Thirty-one patients were able for long-term follow-up a median (range) of seven (2–20) years after the procedure. The indication for reconstruction was mainly impaired function of the wrist. Both the anatomy and function were improved significantly postoperatively. The median radial length improved 5 mm, the radial tilt 25°, and the radial inclination improved 9°. The median improvement of forearm supination was 20°, pronation 10°, dorsal wrist flexion 10°, and volar flexion 20°. Twenty-two of 29 patients (76%) rated the functional results as good or excellent. The functional results were significantly better postoperatively, but the results were still better on the uninjured side. The grip strength on the operated hand was 82% of the uninjured hand, and the median postoperative DASH-score was 21. In five patients the graft resorbed (one fracture of the plate) and needed reoperation. All eventually healed and the anatomical and functional results were good. Another patient had symptomatic osteoarthrosis and later had a full wrist fusion. We conclude that every effort should be made to prevent malunion in the treatment of distal radius fractures, because even after anatomical correction, function is not restored fully in all patients.     

Sigmoid notch reconstruction and limited carpal arthrodesis for a severely comminuted distal radius malunion: case report

We present the case of a young patient with a severely comminuted, malunited, intra-articular distal radius fracture and complete disruption of the sigmoid notch. We reconstructed the malunited distal radioulnar joint by osteotomy and repositioning the displaced sigmoid notch fragments through a combined dorsal and volar approach. At the same time, we carried out a radioscapholunate arthrodesis with distal scaphoid excision. We used a free vascularized corticoperiosteal flap from the medial femoral condyle to span the massive bone defect in the radius to obtain union. At the 2.5-year follow-up, the patient had essentially normal function of the distal radioulnar joint (painless, with 85° of active pronation and 75° of supination). He resumed work as a bricklayer without limitations. We conclude that sigmoid notch reconstruction by osteotomy is worthwhile in the setting of malunited distal radius whether or not the radiocarpal joint is reconstructable.     

锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

2004年7月～2011年6月,我科应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗27例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者,疗效满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组27例(29侧)男12例,女15例,年龄20～75岁。右侧16例,左侧9例,双侧2例。手术时间为伤     

锁定钢板治疗青壮年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨青壮年桡骨远端骨折的临床特点及手术疗效。方法对17例青壮年桡骨远端骨折采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定,术后早期功能锻炼。结果17例均获得随访,时间8～16（10.0&#177;3.4）个月,患者均获得骨性愈合。疗效根据Dienst et al评分系统进行评定：优13例,良3例,可1例。结论青壮年桡骨远端骨折常为高能量损伤,多为不稳定骨折;早期切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗可获得较满意的临床疗效。     

掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折

正2014年12月~2016年1月,我科采用掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗36例桡骨远端骨折患者,取得较好疗效,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组36例,男13例,女23例,年龄25~72岁。骨折按AO分型:C型8例,B型9例,A型19例。左侧13例,右侧23例。伤后至手术时间3~7 d。     

掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的比较掌侧锁定钢板与掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网内固定治疗的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法57例（65侧）桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者,根据治疗方法分为锁定钢板固定组（对照组）31例（35侧）和掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网内固定组（钛网组）26例（30侧）,比较两组术后桡骨远端掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨远端相对长度以及腕关节功能评分。结果57例均得到随访,时间8～24（15．7±6．34）个月。影像学结果显示骨折均愈合。对照组桡骨远端掌倾角9°～17°（12．91°±2．16°）,尺偏角19°～26°（22．60°±1．80°）,桡骨远端相对长度0．9～1．6（1．27±0．18）cm;钛网组桡骨远端掌倾角9°-16°（12．93°±1．89°）,尺偏角19°-26°（22．07°±1．84°）,桡骨远端相对长度0．9～1．6（1．20±0．19）cm;两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两组分别与参考值比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。末次随访时腕关节功能采用Fernandez标准评分：对照组优7侧,良22侧,可4侧,差2侧,优良率82．8％;钛网组优16侧,良11侧,可2侧,差1侧,优良率90．0％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧钛网内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折术后患者腕关节功能恢复效果优于单纯锁定钢板内固定。     

解剖锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

<正>2008年8月~2012年8月,我院采用桡骨远端解剖锁定钢板治疗48例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者,获得满意疗效,报道如下。1材料与方法 1.1病例资料本组48例,男34例,女14例,年龄36~70岁。按AO分型:B2型6例,B3型10例,C1型15例,C2型13例,C3型4例。均为新鲜骨折。患者术前均行手法复位失败或难以维持复位,受伤至手术时间3~14 d。1.2手术方法臂丛麻醉。取桡骨远     

锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折42例临床分析

目的 探讨锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折（AO-C）的早期临床效果。方法 采用Dienst功能评定标准对我科由2008年8月-2011年4月应用锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折（AO-C）的42例病例进行疗效分析。结果 随访4个月～8个月,平均7.3个月。优：33例,良：7例,可：2例。结论 采用锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折（AO-C）可早期功能锻练,在疼痛,关节活动度,握力等方面可取得较满意的效果。     

Surgical correction of distal radius malunions using an anatomic radial locking plate

Background

Correction of a distal radius fracture malunion is challenging technically. These malunions most classically deform dorsally, but often the deformity involves three planes.

Methods

Using an anatomically designed radial plate that takes into consideration the three planes, correction of the deformity can be obtained. In this video we see a patient with a classic dinner fork deformity that is associated with a dorsal malunion involving the distal radius. Correction of a distal radius malunion can be performed using a radial approach and an anatomic radial plate.

Results

The authors have used this technique for difficult distal radius fracture malunions and have achieved superb correction, returning patients to early range of motion and an active lifestyle.

Conclusions

Careful mobilization of the branches of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the superficial branch of the radial nerve is required. This technique affords the surgeon excellent access to three sides of the radius to help perform this complex surgery.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11552-015-9758-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

不同方法治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效比较

目的比较应用外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法 48例桡骨远端C型骨折的患者按手术方式不同分为外固定组(采用闭合复位外固定支架,24例)和内固定组(采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定,24例),比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后腕关节功能。结果 48例获得随访,时间6~24(13.19±4.31)个月。术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间外固定组均少(短)于内固定组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后影像学在掌倾角、尺偏角:C1型骨折两种治疗方法比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);C2骨折内固定组优于外固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C3型骨折外固定组优于内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折C型骨折均可获得良好的临床疗效。在术后24周影像学比较中:C2型骨折锁定钢板内固定治疗在影像学上有更好的掌倾角和尺偏角,更有利于关节功能恢复;C3型骨折外固定支架具有更好的牵张力,更能有效避免桡骨远端关节面继发性塌陷。外固定支架治疗创伤较小,有利于术后腕关节功能恢复。     

桡掌侧入路锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的观察锁定钢板对桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的\治疗效果。方法采用桡掌侧入路锁定钢板治疗33例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者。结果 33例均获随访,时间24~72周。骨折均愈合,愈合时间12~24周。无腕关节僵硬以及骨折再移位。根据Dienst功能评定标准评定疗效:优24例,良7例,可2例,优良率93.94%。结论桡掌侧入路锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折疗效可靠,腕关节功能恢复满意。     

The use of bone grafts and substitutes in the treatment of distal radius fractures

The interest in developing biomaterials to augment fracture healing continues to grow. New products promise early return to function with minimal morbidity; however, indications to use these products remain unclear. An ideal bone graft material stimulates bone healing and provides structural stability while being biocompatible, bioresorbable, easy to use, and cost-effective. This article reviews the biology of bone grafts and the clinical evidence in the use of bone graft substitutes for the treatment of distal radius fractures.     

锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端Barton骨折

2007年5月～2011年6月,我院采用切开复位锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗Barton骨折16例,取得较好效果,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组16例,男12例,     

Outcomes using an internal osteotomy and distraction device for corrective osteotomy of distal radius malunions requiring correction in multiple planes

PURPOSE: Many different methods have been proposed for correction of distal radius malunions; however, precise correction of a severe malunion that requires simultaneous adjustment of displacement, angulation, and rotation in multiple planes is difficult. This prospective study measured radiographic and functional outcomes using an adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation system for distal radius malunions that required correction in multiple planes. METHODS: Five consecutive patients with symptomatic distal radius malunions requiring correction in multiple planes were recruited into this study. All patients had correction of the malunion with an adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation device. Radiographic parameters and objective and subjective functional outcomes were measured before surgery and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: All radiographic measurements improved after surgery. Grip strength, pinch strength, and the Jebsen-Taylor test showed only marginal improvement. Ulnar deviation of the wrist and forearm pronation-supination improved, but the wrist extension-flexion arc did not. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire showed improvement in all domains, and significant improvement was seen in the overall, work, aesthetic, and satisfaction domains. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, however, also indicated a substantial amount of residual impairment in all domains, including activities of daily living and pain. CONCLUSIONS: Corrective osteotomy with the adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation device resulted in improvement in distal radius anatomy and function. However, not all improvements were statistically significant, and anatomy and function did not returned to baseline levels. Despite residual disability, patients noted substantial improvement in subjective outcomes. This system is useful for improving anatomy and function in distal radius malunions that require correction in multiple planes, but patients should be informed that they cannot expect to regain normal anatomy or function. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.     

The use of tricorticocancellous bone graft in severely comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius

PURPOSE: We report the results of a retrospective study of the use of tricorticocancellous iliac crest bone graft in 12 patients with acute AO type C3.2 or type C3.3 fractures of the distal radius who were followed up for at least 1 year. METHODS: Twelve of 17 patients treated with the protocol were available for follow-up evaluation. All fractures were treated with open reduction and combined internal and external fixation. Five fractures were plated dorsally, 1 volarly, and 5 volarly and dorsally. RESULTS: Five patients had AO type C3.2 fractures and 7 had AO type C3.3 fractures. Nine of 10 radiographic parameters that were restored to near-normal values during the surgery were maintained at near-normal levels at the final follow-up evaluation at a mean of 28 months after surgery. Nine fractures had less than 2 mm of articular step-off of the distal radius and 8 had less than 3 mm of total articular incongruity (gap plus step-off). In 10 patients the radial length was restored to at least 10 mm. The mean arc of flexion-extension was 67% and the mean grip strength was 57% of that of the uninjured side. According to the Gartland and Werley demerit-point system 5 of the patients had good or excellent results. According to the modified Green and O'Brien clinical rating system 2 patients had good or excellent results. Poor results for 2 patients according to the demerit-point system and for 6 patients according to the Green and O'Brien clinical rating system were associated with severe ipsilateral soft-tissue and osseous injuries of the wrist, forearm, and arm. The total articular incongruity had a moderately strong correlation with the outcome as assessed by the demerit-point system. CONCLUSIONS: Tricorticocancellous bone grafting in conjunction with combined internal and external fixation is a satisfactory treatment that can lead to a high rate of return to work and sports, a high level of patient satisfaction, and a low rate of complications. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.