320排冠脉CTA对动脉间型右冠状动脉起自左冠窦的评价

目的探讨320排冠脉CTA评价动脉间型右冠状动脉起自左冠窦的价值。方法 320排冠脉CTA检查中发现右冠状动脉起自左冠窦且右冠状动脉近段走行于升主动脉与肺动脉之间(动脉间型)8例患者纳入本组,同时分析8例右冠状动脉起始正常的冠脉CTA资料作为对照组。运用MPR、MIP以及VR等技术显示右冠状动脉的起源、开口和走行。利用测量工具评价收缩期和舒张期右冠状动脉近段管径的变化以及升主动脉右前壁与右冠状动脉近段之间的夹角,计算收缩期狭窄率。采用独立样本t检验比较2组间患者年龄、射线剂量、右冠状动脉近段管径在收缩期和舒张期的变化以及升主动脉与右冠状动脉之间夹角的差异。结果 8例动脉间型右冠状动脉起自左冠窦通过VR和薄层MIP重组均可以确诊,VR重组显示该变异最为直观。两组患者年龄和射线剂量差异无统计学意义。患者组右冠状动脉近段收缩期管径为(2.1±0.3)mm,舒张期为(2.6±0.7)mm,升主动脉与右冠状动脉之间夹角为(18.4°±1.4°),较对照组[收缩期(4.7±0.7)mm,舒张期(4.9±0.6)mm,夹角(60.7°±9.4°)]均明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论320排冠脉CTA能清楚显示右冠状动脉的异常起源和走行,动态评价近段血管在心动周期内的变化,为查明心肌缺血原因提供线索。     

螺旋CT测量在胸腰段椎弓根螺钉置入术中的应用

目的 评估CT测量胸腰段椎弓根螺钉置入术中的应用价值.方法 测量22例胸腰段(T11～L2)椎弓根理想螺钉的长度、进钉间距、最小横径、外偏角,观察椎弓根后缘中点与相应横突根部和关节突的下缘的关系.结果 T11～L2理想椎弓根螺钉的长度分别为(41.43±4.04) mm、(42.28±4.90) mm、(49.52±4.98) mm、(50.74±4.67) mm;直径分别为(7.03±1.41) mm、(7.1±1.47) mm、(6.12±1.62) mm、(6.31±1.34) mm;进钉间距分别为(30.10±2.44) mm、(31.5±2.60) mm、(35.8±3.00) mm、(37.15±3.16) mm;外偏角分别为4.40°±2.23°、4.44°±1.65°、10.02°±2.30°、10.48°±2.60°.T11椎弓根拟进钉点位于横突根部上缘与关节突中垂线的交点处,T12位于横突根部中上1/3,关节突中垂线偏外处的交点,L1,2位于横突根部中点,关节突外侧缘.结论 进行胸腰段椎弓根螺钉固定术时应根据不同节段椎弓根形态特点,选择相应的螺钉直径、长度、进钉部位及方向.     

16层螺旋CT在茎突测量中的应用

目的探讨16层螺旋CT在茎突测量中的应用价值。方法对120例受检者进行16层螺旋CT扫描,在工作站上用VR,MIP及MPR法测量茎突长度、内倾角,并直接测量前倾角及通过测量茎突与颧弓夹角间接测量前倾角。结果VR图像上可以准确测量茎突前倾角（22．56±2．32°）,并间接测得前倾角23．11±2．56°,内倾角为21．89±4．82°。VR,MIP2D工具及3D工具均可测量茎突长度,2D工具与3D工具测量结果有显著差异。MPR图像测得茎突长度为22．98±2．83cm。VR及MIP3D工具与MPR测得茎突长度无显著性差异。结论16层螺旋CT扫描可以准确测量茎突长度及倾斜角度,测量茎突长度以VR3D工具最为实用,而间接法测量茎突前倾角更为简便。     

右膈下动脉MDCT的血管成像研究

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MDCT)显示正常和肝癌患者右膈下动脉(RIPA)显示情况.方法 选择经16层螺旋CT动脉期扫描的45例原发性肝癌病人和46例正常肝脏检查者,所有图像经过MPR、VR和MIP重组并纪录.结果 所有病例RIPA均得到显示(敏感性100%),RIPA起源于腹主动脉占42%,而起源于腹腔干者37%,右肾动脉起源者15%,起自胃左动脉3%,起源于肝固有动脉者2%.就RIPA不同重组方法图像质量而言,MPR和MIP优于VR,而显示RIPA的起源,MPR和VR优于MIP.正常组和肿瘤组RIPA的直径比较,肿瘤组明显大于正常组.结论 MDCT可以良好地评价RIPA,在肝癌介入治疗术前方案的制订方面有重要意义.     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术诊断急性主动脉夹层的价值

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT常规及后处理技术诊断急性主动脉夹层(ADD)的价值.方法 对73例急性主动脉夹层常规平扫和增强检查,扫描范围从肺尖到耻骨联合上缘水平,120 kV,160 mAs,扫描视野35～45 cm.原始采集层厚为0.75 mm,重建层厚1.0 mm,间隔1.0 mm.在工作站进行多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现技术(VR)重建.结果 73例中包括Stanford A型20例,B型53例.多层螺旋CT诊断AAD的敏感度、特异度均为100%.AAD假腔与真腔交界面呈"鸟嘴"样改变52例,蜘蛛网状改变21例.MPR与CPR对夹层初始破口、内膜瓣和真假腔的显示率分别为94.5%、100%、100%.VR与MIP对初始破口显示率较低,分别为15.1%、13.7%.MIP对内膜瓣和真假腔显示率为71.2%.结论 MPR技术在提高破口显示率和分型准确度方面明显优于VR和MIP.AAD的三维重建技术应选择MPR和VR,不必要做CPR和MIP重建.     

多层螺旋CT及其图像后处理技术诊断肺栓塞的价值

目的通过多层螺旋CT多种重组方法对肺栓塞的影像进行观察,评价多层螺旋CT多种重组方法在诊断肺栓塞中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析45例经CT肺血管成像(CTPA)确诊肺栓塞病人的资料,应用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VR)观察3种方法对肺动脉及其栓子的显示效果,并进行比较分析。结果 MPR影像显示亚段及其以下肺动脉分支血栓的显示率优于MIP、VR影像,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对于肺动脉6级分支内是否有栓子各种方法显示均差。结论 MPR、MIP、VR3种重组方法以MPR显示最清晰准确,但缺乏立体感;MIP、VR对于大的分支显示比较立体、直观。MPR结合MIP、VR影像更能明确定位及定性诊断肺栓塞。     

枢椎正常解剖的MSCT三维影像学评价

目的:测量正常人群枢椎的形态几何学数据,为寰枢椎失稳的临床评价及治疗提供可靠的基础数据。方法:选取18～70岁寰枢椎正常的志愿者193例,采用MPR重建矢状面、冠状面、横断面及不同角度斜面图像,观察枢椎形态及几何学特征,并进一步测量分析。结果:枢椎齿状突后倾角为13.5°±3.7°,左侧椎弓根高度为(0.71±0.12)cm,宽度为(0.45±0.09)cm;右侧椎弓根高度为(0.72±0.11)cm,宽度为(0.43±0.10)cm。左侧上倾角、内斜角的标准角和安全角分别为:23.4°±6.3°、40.6°±3.4°和12.4°±3.2°;右侧上倾角、内斜角的标准角和安全角分别为:24.8°±5.3°、41.9°±4.8°和12.0°±2.7°;其径值在性别、侧别间差异无统计学意义。结论:MPR能准确、直观显示枢椎形态及几何学特征,可为临床提供可靠的基础数据,对枢椎手术的实际操作具有良好的指导意义。     

副肾动脉的多层螺旋CT评价

目的:讨论多层螺旋CT(MSCT)显示副肾动脉(ARA)的能力。方法:MSCT行上腹部增强扫描100例,对比剂90~100ml,流率3ml/s,重建层厚2.5mm,间隔1.25mm,将数据传至工作站,行多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现(VR)处理。结果:回顾性薄层重组图像共显示ARA38例,其中单侧26例,双侧12例。后处理方法中,MIP图像显示ARA29例,18例患者VR图像显示了ARA解剖走行,MPR只能节段显示ARA。结论:MSCT回顾性薄层重组及三维重组图像能够显示ARA,MIP是显示ARA大体解剖的最佳方法,两者结合,能够为血管造影术及外科手术前提供更多的解剖学信息。     

螺旋CT在先天性脊柱侧弯诊断中的应用

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT对先天性脊柱侧弯的诊断价值.方法 收集自2007-06-2010-04经放射学检查和临床诊治的先天性脊柱侧弯患者40例.术前均行16层螺旋CT扫描,然后在工作站完成多平面和曲面重组(MPR/CPR)、表面最大密度投影(SurMIP)和容积重建(VR),评价不同后处理图像的应用价值.结果 VR可以清晰评价先天性脊柱侧弯的所有相关表现,尤其适用于脊柱侧弯的分类.MPR/CPR重建图像能清晰显示椎弓根层面,显示畸形椎体、椎管并进行椎体旋转角度测量.40例先天性脊柱侧弯中,脊柱侧弯越重则顶椎的旋转度数越大,各椎体椎弓根矢状径均大于横径且凹侧椎弓根横径均小于凸侧,相邻椎体有类似表现.SurMIP可以用来测量脊柱侧弯角度,类似于X线片.结论 MSCT的后处理技术对矫形手术方法的制定有重要价值.     

宝石能谱CT在去金属体内植入物伪影中的应用

目的探讨宝石能谱CT在去金属体内植入物伪影中的应用。方法对28例有金属体内植入物的患者行能谱扫描,行容积再现(VR)、多平面重建技术(MPR)及最大密度投影(MIP)后处理。结果 VR、MPR、MIP后处理后所得图像均满足影像诊断的需要,影像质量优良率高达90%。结论宝石能谱CT能有效去除金属体内植入物伪影,在去金属体内植入物伪影中显示局部解剖结构起到不可替代的作用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.