经眉弓处锁孔入路切除鞍区肿瘤的手术配合

目的探讨经眉弓锁孔入路手术切除鞍区肿瘤的术中配合。方法回顾性总结35例经眉弓处锁孔入路手术切除鞍区肿瘤临床资料和护理经验,做好术前物品准备、患者准备,加强术中医护之间的配合。结果肿瘤全切31例;2例颅咽管瘤后部与下丘脑粘连紧密未强行切除,残留部分肿瘤包膜;1例颅咽管瘤与垂体柄关系密切,残余少量肿瘤组织;1例鞍隔脑膜瘤鞍隔下向鞍内生长部分未能全切。结论经眉弓处锁孔入路切除鞍区肿瘤具有创伤轻、手术空间大、切口美观等优点,手术效果满意。     

经眉弓眶上锁孔入路在鞍区肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的 总结经眉弓上锁孔入路在治疗鞍区肿瘤中的应用经验。方法 采用经眉弓上锁孔切口眶上额骨2cm直径骨瓣开颅，显微手术切除病变。结果 垂体瘤24例，颅咽管瘤13例，病变切除或大部切除，临床症状改善，并发症少。结论 经眉弓眶上入路可明显减少手术创伤，提供鞍上区足够的手术空间，并有效地切除病变。手术切口美观。     

额外侧经侧裂入路显微外科切除鞍区肿瘤

目的探讨鞍区肿瘤的手术入路。方法回顾性分析应用额外侧经侧裂入路显微外科切除鞍区肿瘤48例的临床资料。结果大型及巨大型垂体腺瘤30例,全切19例,大部分切除8例,部分切除3例;鞍结节脑膜瘤10例,全切除7例,部分切除3例;颅咽管瘤8例,经终板入路全切除4例,部分切除4例。结论额外侧经侧裂入路应用显微外科技术,解剖外侧裂及鞍区诸脑池,能充分显露前颅底及鞍区结构,适用于大部分鞍区肿瘤手术。     

经翼点入路切除鞍上颅咽管瘤27例报告

为探讨经翼点入路切除鞍上颅咽管瘤的可行性及优越性，对我科经翼点入路切除鞍上颅咽管瘤的27例病人进行回顾性分析。小型4例，中型12例，大型11例；全切除22例，次全切除5例，术后17例随访患者出院均能正常生活及学习。经翼点入路切除鞍上颅咽管瘤时肿瘤及周围解剖结构显露效果好，该入路是治疗鞍卜颅咽管瘤的最佳入路。     

翼点入路显微手术切除鞍区颅咽管瘤15例

目的:探讨显微手术切除鞍区颅咽管瘤的有效方法及术后并发症的预防.方法:回顾性分析15例鞍区颅咽管瘤病人,均行翼点入路显微手术切除肿瘤.结果:8例达到肿瘤全切除,4例近全切,3例部分切除.术中垂体柄保留5例,术中断裂1例,术中未见垂体柄9例.结论:经翼点入路是切除鞍区颅咽管瘤的有效方法,利用显微外科技术,保护下丘脑结构和功能,对降低术后并发症起重要作用.     

微创治疗大型颅咽管瘤

目的：采用经眶上锁孔入路这一微创方法，治疗鞍区大型颅咽管瘤，力求以最小创伤获得最佳疗效。方法：平行于眉毛在眉上切开皮肤，与眉毛长度一致，在一个直径2．5cm的圆形骨瓣内进行手术。结果：20例颅咽管瘤患实施手术，19例全切除，1例次全切除，随访2个月--2年，除1例患术后8个月癫痫大发作死亡，其余患恢复正常。结论：眶上锁孔入路能提供足够的手术空间、全切累及三脑室内的大型颅咽管瘤；具有创伤小，恢复快的特点，是一种安全有效的途径．     

经颅显微外科切除鞍区肿瘤临床资料分析和手术入路的选择

目的：总结经颅显微外科切除鞍区肿瘤的经验,探讨经颅切除鞍区肿瘤手术入路的选择。方法：回顾分析南通大学附属医院神经外科自2012年5月-2014年3月手术的鞍区肿瘤80例（脑膜瘤56例、垂体瘤12例、颅咽管瘤9例、皮样囊肿2例、神经内分泌源恶性肿瘤1例）的临床资料;手术入路包括翼点入路、额下入路和额外侧入路,肿瘤采用显微外科技术切除。分析全切除率、手术效果和并发症发生的情况。结果：采用翼点入路者50例,全切除率为66.0%;采用额下入路者16例,全切除率为75.0%;采用额外侧入路者14例,全切除率为71.4%。结论：显微手术是治疗鞍区肿瘤的主要手段,选择手术入路时应根据肿瘤的大小、生长方式以及肿瘤和周围重要结构的关系,遵循最优化和个体化原则,结合手术者的经验来决定。     

经眉弓锁孔入路手术治疗鞍区附近及前颅窝底病变35例临床分析

目的 总结经眉弓锁孔入路治疗鞍区附近及前颅窝底病变的手术经验.方法 回顾性分析近3年来收治的35例鞍区附近及前颅窝底病变的经眉弓锁孔手术经验.其中,垂体瘤12例,鞍结节脑膜瘤1例,颅咽管瘤2例,嗅沟脑膜瘤2例,前交通动脉瘤18例.均行经眉弓锁孔入路手术治疗.结果 17例肿瘤病变全切除15例,18例动脉瘤均行夹闭.1例前...     

经眉弓眶上锁孔入路切除前颅底和鞍区病变

目的:探讨经眉弓眶上锁孔入路治疗前颅底和鞍区病变的显微手术技术和效果.方法:采用经眉弓皮肤切口,做3.0 cm×2.5 cm包括眶缘及部分眶板在内的额下骨窗;应用显微手术切除前颅底和鞍区肿瘤28例.结果:28例肿瘤全切26例,2例垂体瘤行次全切除.术后无严重并发症.平均随访24个月,全切肿瘤无复发.结论:经眉弓眶上锁孔入路可明显减少手术创伤,同时能提供足够的手术空间,并能有效地处理前颅底和鞍区病变.     

改良小翼点入路治疗颅咽管瘤

为探讨改良小翼点入路治疗颅咽管瘤的效果和意义 ,采用改良入路治疗 2 0例颅咽管瘤患者 ,并与同期经标准翼点入路 (筋膜间入路 )切除的 1 8例颅咽管瘤病例进行对照。结果显示 ,2种手术入路肿瘤切除程度与术后并发症的发生率无显著性差异 ,而改良入路手术创伤小、美容效果好、平均住院日缩短 ,符合“微创”手术治疗的原则 ,是治疗颅咽管瘤等鞍区病变的可行的微创手术方法。     

Minimally invasive keyhole approaches for removal of tumors of the third ventricle

Background In recent years, keyhole microsurgery has become an important subject of modern minimally invasive neurosurgery. In this study, minimally invasive techniques avoiding unnecessary tissue injuries were applied to refine traditional approaches for the removal of third ventricular tumors within a limited operative filed. Methods Individualized keyhole approaches were designed according to the characteristics of third ventricular tumors and their growth patterns. A series of keyhole approaches such as supraorbital subfrontal approach, infratentorial supracerebellar approach, interhemispheric transcallosal approach, pterional approach were taken to enter the third ventricle anteriorly, posteriorly, superiorly or laterally, respectively. A total of 34 removed tumors in or extended into the third ventricle included 11 craniopharyngiomas, 10 pituitary adenomas, 2 pinealomas, 1 cholesteatoma, 3 germinomas, and 7 gliomas. Results Total tumor resection was done in 27 （79.4%） of the patients, and subtotal resection in 7 patients （20.6%）. Residual tumor was due to tight adherence of germinoma to the vein of Galen （1 patient）, craniopharyngioma to the pituitary stalk （3）, supratentorial extension of pineal region gliomas （1）, suprasellar extension of gliomas （1） and giant pituitary adenoma （1）. Complications such as brain contusion, postoperative hemorrhage and infection were not associated with keyhole approaches. Extended incision or enlarged bone flap was not made because of episode during operation or inadequate exposure. Conclusions Keyhole approaches are safe, effective and minimally invasive in the surgical treatment of tumors deeply seated in the third ventricle. Individualized keyhole approach ensures a successful treatment. Tumors in the upper middle part of the third ventricle can be exposed by the interhemispheric transcallosal keyhole approach. Tumors of the posterior third ventricle may be well exposed by the infratentorial supracerebellar keyhole approach. Tumors of the anterior third ventricle can be entered by either a supraorbital subfrontal keyhole approach or a pterional keyhole approach.     

经额下-前纵裂联合入路切除复杂鞍区肿瘤

目的探讨经额下-前纵裂联合入路切除复杂鞍区肿瘤的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析27例经额下-前纵裂联合入路手术切除复杂鞍区肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果垂体腺瘤14例,全切11例,次全切3例;颅咽管瘤8例,全切4例,次全切4例;鞍结节脑膜瘤5例,全切4例,次全切1例。术后视力、视野较术前明显改善11例,无明显变化8例;术后激素水平恢复正常8例,无明显变化2例;27例中无死亡病例。结论经额下-前纵裂联合入路适用于切除鞍上、鞍后及向上突入三脑室的肿瘤。     

侧脑室肿瘤手术切除15例的临床疗效

目的 :探索手术切除侧脑室肿瘤的方法。方法 :15例侧脑室肿瘤分别为室管膜瘤、脑膜瘤、室管膜下瘤、胶样囊肿、胶质细胞瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤及脑血管畸形 ,其中 7例侧脑室额角肿瘤经额中回皮质入路 ,2例侧脑室体部肿瘤经胼胝体前部入路 ,5例侧脑室三角区肿瘤经顶枕部皮质入路 ,1例侧脑室颞角肿瘤经颞叶皮质入路。结果 :除 1例侧脑室额角胶质细胞瘤次全切除术后行放疗和化疗外 ,其余肿瘤均手术全切 ,所有病人术后随访 6个月至 1年 ,术后恢复良好 ,参加日常工作。结论 :侧脑室肿瘤绝大多数可行全切除且预后良好     

Keyhole approach surgery for petroclival meningioma

Background In China, the feasibility of keyhole approach in surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma has not been well evaluated. This report summarized our experience in 25 patients with petroclival meningioma who had been treated with keyhole approach surgery. Methods From July 2000 to July 2005, 25 patients with petroclival meningioma were subjected to resection via subtemporal, retrosigmoid or combined keyhole approaches. The extent of tumor resection was evaluated by MRI 3 months after surgery, and postoperative complications were investigated. Results The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 2 to 7 cm （mean, 4.5 cm）. Gross total resection （GTR） was achieved in 14 patients, giving a GTR rate of 56%. Subtotal resection （STR） was carried out in 8 patients and partial resection in 3. Thirteen patients kept normal neurological status, whereas others suffered from cranial nerve deficits （Ⅶ, Ⅶ, Ⅲ and lower CN）. One patient died in the postoperative period. Conclusions Keyhole approach surgery, especially the combined keyhole approach is suitable for the treatment of petroclival meningioma. It provides easy and quick access to the supra- and infratentorial juxta-clival region without drilling of the petrous bone. Complications related to the approach can be minimized.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术入路和手术技巧及治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析显微手术治疗的25例鞍结节脑膜瘤。肿瘤大小2．5-6cm，病人均表现为视力减退。均行开颅手术，单侧额下入路14例，翼点入路8例，双额经纵裂入路3例。结果SimpsonⅠ级切除9例，Ⅱ级切除16例，无手术死亡。术后视力改善16例，无变化5例，视力减退4例。结论 应用恰当手术入路及显微神经外科手术技术，大多数鞍结节脑膜瘤可以全切除，并改善病人视力。     

枕下乙状窦后小骨窗入路切除听神经瘤62例手术体会

目的 总结枕下乙状窦后小骨窗入路切除听神经瘤的手术经验.方法 采用枕下乙状窦后小骨窗入路对62例听神经瘤进行手术切除.距乙状窦后缘内侧1.5 cm作直切口,骨窗直径2.5～3.0 cm,暴露横窦与乙状窦交汇处.对小于3 cm的肿瘤先磨开内听道,切除内听道内肿瘤并分离出内听道端面神经及前庭蜗神经后,逐步切除颅内肿瘤;对超过3 cm的肿瘤先分块切除颅内肿瘤,找到脑桥端面神经后再逐步将面神经从肿瘤上分离,最后磨开内听道,切除其内肿瘤.术毕骨瓣复位固定.结果 本组听神经瘤全切48例,次全切14例;46例面神经解剖保留,10例听力保留;脑脊液漏2例,无死亡病例.术中无一例输血,无皮下积液.结论 枕下乙状窦后小骨窗入路可提供足够的手术空间进行听神经瘤切除,明显减少了医源性损伤,具备微创性、安全性和有效性.     

Microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle via an improved transventricular approach

Background Craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle is difficult to treat and its therapeutic regimens and operative approaches have been controversial. This study was undertaken to probe indications for microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle via an improved transventricular approach, its surgical procedures and therapeutic effects, and prevention of postoperative complications. Methods Fifty-one patients with craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle were treated from January 2000 to October 2004 by an improved transventricular approach for removing the tumor viathe interventricular foramen, the intermedius of the septum pellucidum or choroid fissure. Symptoms and signs of the patients, and results of imaging, operation, and follow-up were analyzed. Results Of the 51 patients who had received the improved transventricular resection, 4 underwent a combined approach with an entrance of the pterion. Forty patients (78.43%) underwent total resection and others subtotal resection, without an operative death. Epileptic seizures were found in 3 patients (5.88%) and subdural effusion in the operative field in 4 (7.84%). All patients showed good general conditions after operation, and follow-up for an average of 27.52 months showed relapse of the tumour in 8 patients (15.69%). Conclusions Microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle by an improved transventricular approach has advantages of operative safety and efficacy, lower mortality and disability, and less complications.