脑血栓患者焦虑抑郁的情绪调整

脑血管疾病是由各种血管源性病因引起的脑部疾病的总称。临床上又将脑血管疾病分为急性和慢性两种类型，急性脑血管病是一组突然起病的脑血液循环障碍，又称为脑血管意外或脑卒中。而慢性脑血管病是指脑部因慢性的血供不足导致的脑代谢障碍和功能衰退。     

脑器质性精神障碍的护理

脑器质性精神障碍的护理黄桂敏（广西右江民族医学院附属医院神经科百色市５３３０００）关键词脑部疾病；精神障碍；护理在脑血管病、脑肿瘤、脑寄生虫病、脑动脉硬化症、颅脑外伤、癫痫和脑部的急性或慢性感染等神经系统疾病的病程中可发生各种精神障碍，不仅会影响正常...     

急性脑血管病99例临床与CT分析

急性脑血管病９９例临床与ＣＴ分析百色地区人民医院内科（５３３０００）韦日周急性脑血管病又称脑血管意外或中风，系脑部或支配脑的颈动脉病变引起的脑局灶性血液循环障碍，导致急性脑损害症状，以偏瘫、失语、昏迷为常见，为中老年人的多发病。现将我院１９９４年７月...     

急性脑血管疾病的诊断与治疗

急性脑血管病又称脑血管意外或中风.为脑部或颈部血管病引起的脑局灶性血液供应障碍,包括有短暂性脑缺血发作、脑出血、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑血栓形成、脑栓塞等急性血液循环障碍的疾病.可导致偏瘫、失语、昏迷等急性或亚急性脑损害症状.发病年龄多在中年以上,尤以高血压患者为多见.     

中风患者的护理

中风，即急性脑血管病，是一组由于脑血管病变所致的急性脑局部血液循环障碍性疾病，它表现形式为猝然昏厥、半身不遂或偏身麻木、言语涩滞或未见昏厥而突发口眼歪斜，肢体活动不力。因起病急、变化快、见症多、与自然界风性善行数变的特性相似，故名为中风。现代医学称之为脑血管意外，其特点是脑部发生急性血循环障碍，致脑组织缺血、缺氧，甚至坏死，出现意识障碍及瘫痪。中风的发病率、死亡率和致残率都非常高，是目前世界上导致人类死亡的三大疾病之一，不仅给患者造成了极大的痛苦，也给家庭和社会带了巨大的负担，     

慢性脑器质性精神障碍的护理

脑器质性精神障碍是一组由脑变性、脑血管病、颅内感染、颅脑创伤、颅内肿瘤或癫痫等器质性因素直接损害脑部所致精神障碍,不包括全身性感染、中毒、躯体疾患和精神活性物质和非依赖性物质所致的精神障碍。精神症状可表现为意识障碍,遗忘综合征、智能障碍、人格改变、精神病性症状、情感障碍、神经症样表现或行为障碍。慢性脑器质性精神障碍临床症状以性格改变,记忆力下降、智力减退为主伴有情绪障碍、睡眠障碍、生活自理能力下降等症状,护理时存在一定的困难。根据近６年来我院神经症病房收治的５４例慢性脑器质性精神障碍的病人,结合…     

急性脑血管病合并院内呼吸道感染的预防及护理

急性脑血管病合并院内呼吸道感染的预防及护理西宁市第二人民医院内科田种秀急性脑血管病是由于脑血管或脑血液循环发生障碍所引起的神经系统疾病。是当前威胁老年人生命的主要疾病之一，也是内科常见的急诊疾病，其发病急，病情危重。需要住院治疗，在住院期间若治疗护理...     

56例急性脑血管病恢复期的临床护理

急性脑血管病又称脑血管意外、脑卒中或中风,是一组急剧发病,由各种原因导致的急性脑循环障碍,造成局限或全面性脑功能缺损为共同特征的急性脑血管病事件。在恢复期实施有效的临床护理程序将直接影响着患者中枢神经系统功能的康复。近6年来,我们对56例急性脑血管病患者实施有效的恢复期护理对疾病的康复取得了满意的效果,总结如下。     

中医药治疗脑心综合征的研究进展

脑心综合征（cerebral—cardiac syndrome,CCS）,又称脑-心综合征,脑心卒中,脑-心卒中,脑、心同源卒中,脑心反应,“脑源性”心脏损害等,是指因急性脑病,主要为脑出血、脑梗死、蛛网膜下腔出血或急性颅脑外伤等,累及下视丘、脑干和植物神经系统等所引起的类似急性心肌梗死、心肌缺血、心律失常或心力衰竭。亦即某些颅内或脑部疾病导致心脏形态及功能发生一系列特征性改变的病症。随着人们饮食富态化及我国人口的快速老龄化,脑血管病发病率明显增高。因其死亡率、致残率高,已受到广泛关注,但脑血管病引起的心脏改变,却没有引起人们的足够重视。急性脑血管病时,由于脑血液循环障碍对心血管系统,尤其是心肌有一定的影响,可引起心脏活动的改变,这不仅使脑血管病的病程延长,而且有时可成为病人死亡的直接原因。近年来中医药治疗脑心综合征已取得一系列研究成果,现综述如下。     

脑器质性精神障碍恢复期的护理

脑器质性精神障碍是一组由脑变性、脑血管病、颅内感染、颅脑创伤、颅内肿瘤或癫痫等器质性因素直接损害脑部所致精神障碍，不包括全身性感染、中毒、躯体疾患和精神活性物质和非依赖性物质所致的精神障碍。精神症状可表现为意识障碍、遗忘综合征、智能障碍、人格改变、精神病性症状、情感障碍、神经症样表现或行为障碍。脑器质性精神障碍恢复期临床症状以性格改变、记忆力下降、智力减退为主伴有情绪障碍、睡眠障碍、生活自理能力下降等症状，护理时存在一定的困难。[第一段]     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.