原发性下斜肌功能亢进的后徙术治疗

原发性下斜肌功能亢进在各类垂直眼外肌异常中并不少见，常因眼球内转时伴有明显上转的异常外观而就诊。笔者对患有该病的患儿6例11眼实施了下斜肌后徙术，获得了满意疗效，现报告如下。     

上斜肌后徙术矫正伴上斜肌功能亢进斜视分析

目的 探讨上斜肌后徙术矫正伴上斜肌功能亢进斜视及眼球旋转状态的效果.方法 收集伴上斜肌功能亢进的A型斜视、下斜肌麻痹和Brown综合征患者共12例,观察手术前后原在位、上下转25°及9个诊断眼位斜视度及上斜肌功能,于术前和术后行双眼眼底照相并测量黄斑-视盘夹角(FDA).结果 A型斜视患者术前上下转25°斜视度相差最小17△,最大53△,术后均小于10△,A征消失,手术前双眼FDA为(20.32±8.53)°,术后为(4.15±7.22)°;下斜肌麻痹和Brown综合症患者术前垂直斜度均大于10△,术后均小于6△,手术前双眼FDA为(11.32±7.11)°,术后为(2.65±2.52)°.结论 上斜肌后徙术可有效矫正伴上斜肌功能亢进斜视和眼球内旋状态.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate superior oblique recession in treatment of strabismus with superior oblique overaction and effects on torsion status. Methods Pre- and Post-operative primary,upward, downward and 9 diagnostic eye position of deviation, superior oblique muscle function, fundus photograph were examined and analyzed in A-pattern, inferior oblique palsy and Brown syndrome with superior oblique overaction. Results The maximum pre-operative deviation difference between upward and downward gaze was 53△ whereas minimum was 17△ in A-pattern. All post-operative deviation difference was not more than 10△. The mean pre-operative fovea-disc angle (FDA) of both eyes was (20.32±8.53)°whereas (4.15±7.22)°after operation in A-Pattern. The pre-operative vertical deviation in inferior oblique palsy and Brown syndrome patients was more than 10△ whereas post-operative not more than 6△. The mean pre-operative FDA of both eyes was (11.32±7.11)°whereas (2.65±2.52)°after operation. Conclusions Superior oblique recession is effective in correcting strabismus with superior oblique overation and intorsion.     

下斜肌后徙转位术后的安全性分析

目的 通过比较下斜肌(Inferioroblique IO)后徙术与IO后徙转位术,术后至少3年的疗效,评价IO后徙转位术的安全性.方法 比较IO后徙术组(22例33只眼)和IO后徙转位术组(27例33只眼)病例手术后IO运动程度和眼球上转程度,分析可能的相关因素.结果 (1)IO后徙转位术组左右眼手术后远期IO运动程度、眼球上转程度均明显低于IO后徙术组,差别有统计学意义,P＜0.001.(2)术后IO运动程度不足与手术年龄、有无弱视、屈光状态、是否同时行水平斜视手术、术前IO功能亢进程度和斜视度均无关.(3)IO后徙转位术组术后远期IO运动程度、眼球上转程度均低于近期(1周至1个月),有明显统计学差异,P＜0.001.术后中期(3～6个月)与远期IO运动程度、眼球上转程度之间差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 IO后徙转位术式存在术后眼球上转功能不足,IO功能不足的缺点,并且在术后持续存在.     

下斜肌后徙术治疗先天性上斜肌麻痹的临床分析

先天性上斜肌麻痹是先天性眼外肌麻痹中最常见的类型,主要为先天性发育异常,多由出生时的创伤或婴幼儿期疾病所致。临床表现主要是上斜视及代偿头位引起的斜颈,面部不对称及背柱畸形,对儿童身心生长发育不利。资料和方法1.一般资料:收集先天性上斜肌麻痹患者17例,男10例,女7例,年龄4～17岁,平均10.5岁,均是在出生3个月后被发现眼球运动不协调及斜颈。术前所有患者行角膜映光法,三棱镜中和测定斜视角,检查双眼和单眼运动功能,对能合作的患者行同视机,Hess屏及Parks三步法检查。在所查病例中,17例均有下斜肌功能过强,向侧方注视时内转眼伴有…     

下斜肌徙后术治疗先天性上斜肌麻痹30例

先天性上斜肌麻痹是儿童先天性眼外肌麻痹中最常见的一种,多由产伤或其它先天性因素造成的,主要病变是上斜肌麻痹引起的斜颈、脊柱及面部畸形,对儿童心身发育造成一定影响。１　资料与方法１．１　一般资料　本组先天性上斜肌麻痹３０例３０只眼,其中合并内斜７例,外斜４例,年龄３～２６ａ,平均１１．５ａ。所有病例行手术治疗,术前行同视机、三棱镜结合交替遮盖查斜视角,并行Ｂｉｅｌｓｃｈｏｗｓｋｙ头位试验、Ｐａｒｋ三步法检查、Ｈｅｓｓ屏检查及代偿头位检查。１．２　手术方法　常规消毒,结膜下麻醉,做“Ｌ”形结膜瓣,固…     

下斜肌后徙前转位术联合上斜肌折叠术治疗眼性斜颈

眼性斜颈的病因中，以先天性上斜肌麻痹最为多见，其临床特征常常表现为上斜视、继发性下斜肌功能亢进及代偿头位，即眼性斜颈。严重的眼性斜颈可继发颈部和颜面部肌肉发育不对称，并可造成脊柱侧弯，影响儿童的生理发育。由于歪头(斜颈)带来的面部不对称，由于重力的作用，使一侧面部丰满，另一侧面部瘦小。其次，对颈部骨骼的影响，造成颈椎侧弯。第三，也可能会造成脊柱的侧弯。     

下斜肌减弱术治疗下斜肌亢进的临床分析

目的探讨下斜肌减弱手术不同方式治疗下斜肌亢进和V征的临床效果。方法下斜肌亢进122例160眼,包括原发下斜肌亢进20例37眼及继发下斜肌亢进102例123眼,采用不同手术方式,对其手术效果进行比较。结果122例中术前82例有代偿头位(67.21%)者,术后82例中代偿头位消失50例,好转28例,无效4例。下斜肌减弱术的手术方式:断腱术6眼;部分切除24眼;后徙80眼;前转位50眼。术前下斜肌亢进程度 1,21眼; 2,91眼; 3,42眼; 4,6眼;术后残留下斜肌 1,3眼;其余均得到矫正。术前V型斜视48例,术后V征消失38例,好转10例。单纯下斜肌减弱矫正原在位垂直斜度≤15△。结论下斜肌部分切除、后徙及前转位术矫正下斜肌亢进及V征同样安全有效。     

下斜肌减弱术治疗下斜肌功能亢进

目的观察下斜肌减弱术治疗下斜肌功能亢进的治疗效果。方法下斜肌功能亢进92例,以正前方的垂直斜视度为依据:斜视度在15△以内者(43例),采用下斜肌截除术;斜视度在15△以上者(49例),采用下斜肌截除术联合对侧眼下直肌后徙术或同侧眼上直肌后徙术。结果79例(85.87%)原位眼垂直斜视度得到矫正,68例代偿头位患者中62例(91.18%)代偿头位消失或减轻。结论根据正前方的垂直斜视度采用不同的下斜肌减弱术,可获得较好的临床治疗效果。     

下斜肌后徙转位术对眼球运动的影响

目的观察下斜肌后徙转位术对眼球运动的影响。方法顺序选择手术后系统观察≥3年的下斜肌后徙转位和后徙手术两组病例,比较眼球运动状况,并观察前者原在位眼位。结果（1）下斜肌后徙转位组原在位均未出现下斜视,14例单眼手术病例有上转受限,以颞上方为著,6例双眼手术病例无明显上转受限。（2）下斜肌后徙转位组手术后远期（≥3年）下斜肌运动程度、眼球上转程度均明显低于下斜肌后徙组,P〈0.001。（3）下斜肌后徙转位组术后远期下斜肌运动程度、眼球上转程度均低于近期（1周～1个月）,P〈0.05,而术后中期（3～6个月）与远期下斜肌运动程度、眼球上转程度之间无明显差异,P〉0.05。结论下斜肌后徙转位术导致术后眼球运动出现非共同性变化,主要是上转受限,对侧眼上转亢进。     

下斜肌后固定联合部分切除术治疗双眼不对称下斜肌亢进

目的:评价下斜肌后固定联合部分切除术治疗双眼不对称下斜肌功能亢进的效果。方法:回顾性分析徐州市第一人民医院2018年11月至2020年12月下斜肌后固定术治疗双眼不对称下斜肌亢进30例的临床资料。所有患者轻侧行下斜肌后固定术,严重侧则行下斜肌部分切除术,观察术后水平、垂直斜视度、V征、双侧下斜肌亢进功能及其不对称性的变...     

Comparison of conventional and Hang-back methods of inferior oblique recession in V-pattern strabismus with inferior oblique overaction

AIM: To investigate the regulatory roles of the members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family in lacrimal gland dysfunction under conditions of desiccating stress or diabetes. METHODS: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to examine the expression of PPARs in the cornea, conjunctiva, meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland in adult rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups: a control group, dry eye group, and diabetic group. The phenol red threads test, tear film break-up time (BUT) test and fluorescein staining were carried out to evaluate the development of dry eye. Based on bioinformatics research, qPCR was used to examine the expression level of PPARγ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-β (IL-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the lacrimal glands.RESULTS: PPARα and PPARβ/δ were mainly expressed in the conjunctiva and the lacrimal gland, respectively. However, PPARγ was expressed in both the conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, at much higher levels than those measured for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Dry eye rats and diabetic rats both showed decreased tear secretion, shortened BUT, and increased corneal staining. Significant changes in gene expression were observed compared with the control group. In the lacrimal glands of dry eye rats and diabetic rats, expression of PPARγ decreased (P<0.05), expression of Sirt1 also decreased (P<0.01), whereas expression of TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, MyD88, and TGF-β increased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Among PPARs, PPARγ might play a dominant role in the regulation of metabolic- and inflammatory-signaling pathways on the ocular surfaces and in lacrimal glands. Down-regulation of PPARγ is highly relevant to lacrimal gland dysfunction under desiccating-stress and diabetic conditions. PPARγ, thus, is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of environment- or diabetes-induced dry eye diseases.     

下斜肌转位术对伴有下斜肌亢进DVD的矫正作用

目的 探讨下斜肌转位术对伴有下斜肌亢进的垂直分离性斜视(dissociated verticaldeviation,DVD)原在位垂直斜视的矫正作用.方法应用下斜肌转位术治疗34例(46只眼)伴有下斜肌亢进DVD患者的垂直斜视,18例合并水平斜视者同期手术矫正,手术前后测量原在位垂直斜视度及下斜肌亢进程度,并进行统计学比较.结果原在位垂直斜视度5m远距离平均矫正(13.57±9.74)PD(t=9.450,P<0.01),95%置信区间为(10.67,16.46)PD.33cm近距离平均矫正(13.28±9.98)PD(t=9.029,P<0.01),95%置信区间为(10.32,16.25)PD.下斜肌亢进程度从术前平均+2降至术后0(Wilcoxon符号秩检验,Z=5.957,P<0.01),差异均具有统计学意义.结论下斜肌转位术是治疗伴有下斜肌亢进DVD的有效手段.合并之下斜肌亢进同时得以消除.     

下斜肌前置移位治疗伴有下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜

目的:观察下斜肌前置移位治疗伴有下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜(dissociated vertical deviation,DVD)。方法:下斜肌前置移位于下直肌附着点颞侧前2mm或下直肌附着点颞侧成一直线处,同时矫正水平斜视。结果:患者8例11眼中,术前6眼DVD程度是1+,术后DVD消失;术前3眼DVD程度是2+,术后2眼垂直斜视消失,1眼DVD程度为1+;术前2眼DVD程度是3+,术后1眼DVD程度为1+,1眼为2+。所有患者下斜肌均不亢进。结论:下斜肌前置移位是治疗伴有下斜肌亢进的DVD的有效方式,无明显副作用。     

下斜肌功能亢进及其合并V征眼球客观旋转状态的临床研究

目的 分析下斜肌功能亢进(IOOA)及其合并V征外斜视患者术前及术后主导眼和非主导眼的眼球客观旋转状态,并分别与正常人进行比较.方法 前瞻性研究.选取30例无斜视的正常人作为对照组,51例伴有外斜视的IOOA患者根据有或无V征分成IOOA组(21例)和IOOA合并V征组(30例),予下斜肌减弱术及水平斜视矫正手术治疗后随访1个月,观察术前术后患者主导眼和非主导眼的黄斑中心凹-视盘中心夹角度数(FDA),分别与对照组比较.数据采用方差分析、Fisher确切概率法进行分析.结果 所有患者术后1个月下斜肌功能均无明显亢进,IOOA合并V征组患者术后V征均消失.IOOA合并V征组术前主导眼FDA与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),IOOA组术前主导眼FDA与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),2组术后主导眼FDA与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.610,P＞0.05);2组术前及术后非主导眼FDA与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.007、1.383,P＞0.05).IOOA组和IOOA合并V征组内旋例数增多,近方立体视锐度提高,分别为57％和60％,2组之间立体视提高率差异无统计学意义.结论 下斜肌功能亢进合并V征患者主导眼较正常入主导眼外旋转倾向更明显.单纯下斜肌功能亢进患者主导眼及非主导眼FDA较正常人无明显的外旋转倾向.     

Effectiveness of modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of a modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for treatment of V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction. METHODS: Thirteen cases (23 affected eyes) of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique muscle overaction (+ or ++) who underwent the modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure were retrospectively reviewed. The amount of V-pattern, grade of inferior oblique overaction, degree of vertical strabismus, abnormal head posture, and the fovea-disc angle were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: The V-pattern was corrected in all cases, and the amount of V-pattern reduced by 17.85±5.13 prism diopter (PD) on average (t=16.07, P<0.001). The surgical cure rate for mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction was 87.0% (20/23). The degree of the fovea-disc angle has a mean reduction of 5.45°±2.87° (t=3.95, P=0.003) after surgery. The mean vertical deviation in 5 cases with a small-angle hypertropia (5.23±3.06 PD) in the primary position reduced by 3.15±1.86 PD (t=6.10, P<0.001). No serious complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure can effectively treat mild to moderate inferior oblique overaction and relieve the V-pattern, which is safe and easy to perform.     

下斜肌肌腹转位术治疗轻度下斜肌亢进伴小度数垂直斜视

目的：观察下斜肌肌腹转位(IOBT)术在单眼下斜肌轻度亢进伴小度数垂直斜视中的应用效果。

方法：回顾性分析2019-09/2021-08在我院行IOBT术的患者,纳入标准为单眼下斜肌轻度亢进(2+及以下),并伴有轻度非共同性垂直斜视(4～9PD)。水平斜视按照常规手术量和方式设计,同期单侧下斜肌亢进眼行单眼IOBT术。观察手术前后水平斜视度、垂直斜视度、侧方注视位垂直斜视度、黄斑视盘夹角及下斜肌亢进程度等。

结果：纳入病例共16例16眼,年龄4～39岁。1例为先天性内斜视术后5a,单眼上斜肌轻度麻痹继发下斜肌功能亢进,余15例均为原发性下斜肌功能亢进伴水平斜视。随访时间为3～6mo。术前和术后平均下斜肌亢进程度分级分别为+2.00(2.00,2.00)级和0.00(0.00,0.00)级(Z=-3.704,P<0.001),平均改善2.00(1.25,2.00)级; 水平斜视度从术前69.13±25.86PD减少到术后2.75±2.59PD(t=9.929,P<0.001); 第一眼位垂直斜视从术前7.44±1.32PD减少到术后1.00±1.21PD(t=22.335,P<0.001),平均矫正上斜视为6.44±1.15PD; 侧方注视垂直斜视从术前12.44±2.73PD减少到术后3.00±2.13PD,平均矫正9.44±2.73PD(t=13.819,P<0.001)。黄斑中心凹-视盘中心夹角度数(FDA)术前为-8.85°±6.53°,术后为-6.49°±7.01°(t=-2.384,P<0.001),平均减少2.36°。未见术后过矫及下斜肌功能不足等并发症。

结论：IOBT术对矫正单侧轻度下斜肌亢进伴小度数垂直斜视是安全有效的。     

上斜肌麻痹和原发下斜肌亢进的眼球旋转状态的差异研究

目的探讨上斜肌麻痹和原发下斜肌亢进患者的眼球旋转状态,以及下斜肌减弱手术对其的影响。方法13例上斜肌麻痹和12例原发下斜肌亢进患者(共50眼)行双眼下斜肌减弱术,双马氏杆检查术前、术后的主观旋转;其中10例原发下斜肌亢进和9例上斜肌麻痹(共38眼)术前、术后1周行眼底照相测量黄斑-视乳头夹角。结果所有病例术前及术后2个月均无旋转复视。12例原发下斜肌亢进者术前DMRT无旋转,术后1周时8例、2个月时1例DMRT内旋转;13例上斜肌麻痹者,术前4例DMRT外旋,术后1周时7例、2个月时1例DMRT内旋转。眼底照相的10例原发下斜肌亢进患者术前6例存在眼球外旋转,术后5例存在眼球内旋转;9例上斜肌麻痹患者,术前均存在眼球外旋转,术后无眼球内旋转。结论上斜肌麻痹和原发下斜肌亢进患者眼球旋转状态存在差异。下斜肌减弱手术后仍存在差异。