不同浓度罗哌卡因局部浸润对肝炎肝硬化患者术后切口疼痛及康复的影响

目的探讨不同浓度罗哌卡因切口局部浸润对肝炎肝硬化行脾切断流术患者术后切口疼痛及康复的影响。方法择期行脾切除断流术的肝炎肝硬化患者60例,男38例,女22例,年龄35~65岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,Child-Pugh A或B级,采用随机数字表法分为三组,每组20例。三组患者分别于关腹前给予0.5%罗哌卡因10 ml(R1组)、0.375%罗哌卡因10 ml(R2组)和生理盐水10ml(C组)行切口两侧局部浸润。三组患者术毕均给予地佐辛0.8 mg/kg+昂丹司琼8 mg行PCIA。记录术后0、2、6、12、24和48hVAS疼痛评分,记录首次追加镇痛药物时间;记录术后6、24、48h镇痛泵实际按压次数和有效按压次数;记录术后首次排气排便、下床活动时间和术后住院时间;记录不良反应发生情况。结果与C组比较,R1、R2组术后0、2、6h的VAS疼痛评分明显降低,首次追加镇痛泵药物时间明显延长,6h按压次数明显减少,首次排气排便和下床活动时间明显提前,总住院时间明显缩短(P0.05)。R1组首次追加镇痛药时间明显迟于R2组(P0.05),其余指标两组差异无统计学意义。三组患者术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论行脾切除断流手术的肝炎肝硬化患者于术毕给予0.5%或0.375%罗哌卡因行切口局部浸润,可加强术后镇痛效果,促进患者康复,且不增加不良反应。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因切口持续浸润用于乳腺癌患者术后镇痛的效果

目的观察罗哌卡因切口持续浸润用于乳腺癌患者术后镇痛的有效浓度。方法择期行乳腺癌根治术患者100例,年龄40~70岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按照随机数字表法分为四组:0.2%(R1组)、0.3%(R2组)、0.4%(R3组)罗哌卡因切口持续浸润组和地佐辛复合曲马多患者静脉自控镇痛组(PCIA组),每组25例。记录患者术后2h(T1)、4h(T2)、8h(T3)、12h(T4)、24h(T5)、48h(T6)时安静和90°翻身活动时的VAS疼痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分及恶心、呕吐、头晕、呼吸抑制等不良反应发生情况。结果 T1~T6时R1组安静和90°翻身活动时VAS评分明显高于PCIA组(P0.05),R2和R3组VAS评分与PCIA组差异无统计学意义。R1、R2和R3组Ramsay镇静评分均明显低于PCIA组(P0.05),三组间差异无统计学意义。PCIA组出现2例恶心呕吐,其余各组均未发生恶心呕吐等不良反应。结论 0.3%罗哌卡因切口持续浸润对乳腺癌根治术后镇痛安全有效。     

罗哌卡因局部浸润法改善腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛的临床观察

目的 观察罗哌卡因局部浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除患者术后的镇痛效果。方法 60例择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者随机分成罗哌卡因局部浸润组和对照组,两组麻醉诱导、维持方法相同,均采用静脉麻醉联合气管插管,浸润组在手术开始时及结束时予以剑突下穿刺处注射罗哌卡因局部浸润,对照组未予以上述药物处理。术后持续监测心电监护、无创血压、呼吸、氧饱和度,记录术后3 h、6 h及12 h VAS评分,术后应用盐酸布桂嗪次数及恶心呕吐的情况。结果 浸润组术后3 h、6 h及12 h的VAS评分低于对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,术后额外使用镇痛药及恶心呕吐的人数均少于对照组,但差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 罗哌卡因局部浸润法用于腹腔镜胆囊切除患者,术后镇痛效果良好。     

妇科腹腔镜术后罗哌卡因切口和盆腔浸润的镇痛作用

妇科腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快等特点,但存在术后早期切口疼痛、内脏痛、CO2气腹刺激引起的肩背痛及恶心、呕吐等不良反应。张智勇等[1]报道腹腔镜胆囊切除术腹腔内罗哌卡因表面麻醉及地塞米松可产生良好的术     

局部浸润麻醉联合腔内灌注麻醉腋窝切口隆乳术

腋窝切口胸大肌下假体置入隆乳术是目前美容界公认的较成熟的术式。局部浸润麻醉是隆乳术中常采用的麻醉方法联合腔隙内灌注麻醉,使麻醉药液的准确注射层次和合理分布药量是避免术中产生疼痛的关键,笔者自2006年初至2007年2月,采用局部浸润麻醉联合腔内灌注麻醉的方法行110例硅凝胶假体置入隆乳术,麻醉效果良好,医患双方满意,现报道如下。     

下肢手术应用罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉及术后镇痛的效果观察

目的观察下肢手术应用罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉及术后镇痛的效果。方法对72例罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉下实施下肢手术患者,术后硬膜外分次注射罗哌卡因,同时加用静脉PCA吗啡镇痛。回顾性分析患者的麻醉资料。结果麻醉总有效率98.6%。不良反应发生率为9.7%。术后切口镇痛优良率为100%,运动阻滞程度轻,镇静效果满意。结论罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉下实施下肢手术,术后硬膜外分次注射罗哌卡因,同时加用静脉PCA吗啡镇痛,麻醉效果和术后镇痛效果满意,且无严重不良反应,值得临床推广。     

颈椎后路术后切口罗哌卡因局部浸润联合静脉自控镇痛的临床研究

目的探讨罗哌卡因局部浸润联合氯诺昔康静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)在颈椎后路术后镇痛的效果。方法择期行颈椎后路手术的患者40例,随机均分为罗哌卡因复合氯诺昔康组(L组)和单纯氯诺昔康组(C组),均采用静-吸复合麻醉。L组缝皮前用0.5%罗哌卡因20ml浸润切口周围,术毕两组均静脉注射(>15s)氯诺昔康8mg,术后均行氯诺昔康PCIA。记录术后4、8、12、24、48h的疼痛VAS评分,PCIA冲击总量,追加镇痛药使用情况以及相关不良反应。结果术后4、12、24、48hL组VAS评分明显低于C组(P<0.05)。L组PCIA冲击总量少于C组(P<0.01)。结论罗哌卡因切口局部浸润联合氯诺昔康PCIA应用于颈椎后路术后镇痛效果优于单纯氯诺昔康PCIA。     

丁丙诺啡与罗哌卡因联合用于臂丛麻醉的术后镇痛观察

本研究旨在观察罗哌卡因中加入不同剂量的丁丙诺啡进行臂丛麻醉对麻醉效果、麻醉维持时间、术后镇痛等方面的作用,以探讨最佳方法及药物剂量。 资料与方法 随机选择80例拟行上肢、手部骨科手术的病人,ASA I～Ⅱ级。按双盲的原则分为4组。A组(局麻药中无丁丙诺啡组,n=20);B组(局麻药中加丁丙诺啡2μg/kg组,n=     

罗哌卡因局部麻醉减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛的临床观察

目的 观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术后应用罗哌卡因行局部麻醉对术后疼痛的缓解作用.方法 90例实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机均分为三组:Ⅰ组用1%罗哌卡因10ml进行胆囊床喷洒;Ⅱ组用1%罗哌卡因5ml进行胆囊床喷洒,同时再用1%罗哌卡因5ml对三个切口进行局部注射,Ⅲ组为对照组.记录术后1、2、4、6、12、24 h的VAS.结果 术后1、2、4 h时,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的VAS显著低于Ⅲ组(P＜0.05),且Ⅱ组的VAS显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).术后6 h时,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的VAS显著低于Ⅲ组(P＜0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组差异无统计学意义.术后Ⅲ组需要哌替啶镇痛的患者数量显著多于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).结论 罗哌卡因局部麻醉能显著减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛.     

Peripheral nerve catheters and local anesthetic infiltration in perioperative analgesia

Peripheral nerve catheters (PNCs) and local infiltration analgesia (LIA) represent valuable options for controlling perioperative pain. PNCs have been increasingly utilized to provide both surgical anesthesia and prolonged postoperative analgesia for a wide variety of procedures. PNCs can be more technically challenging to place than typical single-injection nerve blocks (SINB), and familiarity with the indications, contraindications, relevant anatomy, and appropriate technical skills is a prerequisite for the placement of any PNC. PNCs include risks of peripheral nerve injury, damage to adjacent anatomic structures, local anesthetic toxicity, intravascular injection, risks associated with motor block, risks of unnoticed injury to the insensate limb, and risks of sedation associated with PNC placement. In addition to these common risks, there are specific risks unique to each PNC insertion site. LIA strategies have emerged that seek to provide the benefit of targeted local anesthesia while minimizing collateral motor block and increasing the applicability of durable local anesthesia beyond the extremities. LIA involves the injection and/or infusion of a local anesthetic near the site of surgical incision to provide targeted analgesia. A wide variety of techniques have been described, including single-injection intraoperative wound infiltration, indwelling wound infusion catheters, and the recent high-volume LIA technique associated with joint replacement surgery. The efficacy of these techniques varies depending on specific procedures and anatomic locations. The recent incorporation of ultra-long-acting liposomal bupivacaine preparations has the potential to dramatically increase the utility of single-injection LIA. LIA represents a promising yet under-investigated method of postoperative pain control.     

局部浸润罗哌卡因联合静脉镇痛对全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复的影响

目的评估伤口单次局部浸润罗哌卡因联合静脉自控镇痛对全膝关节置换(TKA)术后镇痛的效果及术后早期膝关节康复训练的影响。方法选择腰麻下行膝关节置换手术的患者50例,根据镇痛方式分为两组,罗哌卡因组(25例):术毕切口浸润0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml,术后行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA);对照组(25例):术毕切口浸润生理盐水20 ml,术后行PCIA。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估不同时间点的镇痛效果,不同时间评定术后康复训练依从性、膝关节主动活动度(ROM)、膝关节功能。结果术后4、6、8、12 h VAS评分:罗哌卡因组分别为1.28分±1.03分、2.17分±1.67分、2.13分±1.76分、2.38分±0.34分,对照组分别为2.75分±1.09分、3.25分±1.29分、4.50分±1.51分、4.62分±1.60分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后24、48 h VAS评分:罗哌卡因组分别为3.20分±1.21分、3.17分±0.84分,对照组分别为3.28分±1.21分、3.56分±1.19分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。罗哌卡因组与对照组术后康复训练依从性、膝关节ROM及HSS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论应用罗哌卡因局部浸润联合PCIA用于TKA术后镇痛是一种安全有效的镇痛方法,有利于膝关节术后功能的恢复,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Local infiltration with NSAIDs for postoperative analgesia: evidence for a peripheral analgesic action

BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the evidence for a peripheral analgesic effect of local infiltration with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in postoperative pain, we conducted a systematic review. METHODS: Randomised controlled and double-blind trials were evaluated. Outcome measures were pain scores, the use of supplementary analgesics, and time to first analgesic request. Efficacy was estimated by significant difference (P<0.05) as reported in the original reports and by calculation of the weighted mean difference of pain scores between treatment groups. RESULTS: Sixteen studies with data from 844 patients were considered appropriate for analysis. The NSAIDs were administered as intra-articular injections, as components of intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA), and by wound infiltration and were compared with systemic administration or placebo. In the four studies comparing intra-articular NSAIDs with systemic administration a statistically significant effect in favour of intraarticular NSAIDs was found. Only one study compared IVRA NSAID with systemic administration, showing a significant effect in favour of IVRA administration. No more than two of the five studies comparing intrawound NSAIDs with systemic administration showed significant effect after intrawound administration. Most of the studies comparing local infiltration with placebo showed significant effect in favour of local infiltration. CONCLUSION: There is evidence for a clinically relevant peripheral analgesic action of intra-articular NSAIDs while results of IVRA and wound infiltration with NSAIDs in postoperative pain are inconclusive. Trials without a systemic control group were not considered to provide evidence for a local effect.     

Ultrasound-guided genicular nerves block vs. local infiltration analgesia for total knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

Genicular nerves block is a promising technique to treat acute postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty. Similar to surgeon-administered local infiltration analgesia, it targets sensory branches from the knee capsule, but through a selective ultrasound-guided injection that reduces local anaesthetic dose (150 ml ropivacaine 0.2% with local infiltration analgesia vs. 20 ml with genicular nerves block). This randomised non-inferiority trial compared the analgesic efficacy of genicular nerves block vs. local infiltration analgesia in the first 24 h following total knee arthroplasty. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound-guided block of five genicular nerves or local infiltration analgesia. The primary outcome was rest pain numeric rating scale (0–10) at 24 h. Secondary outcomes included pain numeric rating scale (rest and movement) and cumulative opioid consumption during the first 24 h. We analysed 29 patients in the genicular nerves block group and 30 in the local infiltration analgesia group. We found that the median difference (95%CI) in postoperative rest pain at 24 h (non-inferiority criteria, Δ = 1) was −1.0 (−2.0 to 1.0, p < 0.001). Median difference in cumulative opioid consumption was 0.0 mg (−3.0–5.0, p < 0.001) meeting the non-inferiority criteria, Δ = 23 mg. We conclude that genicular nerves block of five nerves provides non-inferior analgesia in the first 24 h following surgery compared with local infiltration analgesia, but with a considerable reduction in the local anaesthetic dose.     

Addition of morphine to local anesthetic infiltration does not improve analgesia after pediatric dental extractions

BACKGROUND: Opioid receptors have been noted in the peripheral nerve endings of afferent neurons. Blockade of these receptors with peripherally administered opioids is believed to result in analgesia. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we studied the analgesic effects of adding a subsystemic dose of morphine to local anesthetic infiltration (lidocaine hydrochloride) during pediatric dental extractions. Forty-two subjects, aged 2-7 years of ASA physical status I-II, were randomized to receive submucous infiltration with either morphine 25 microg.kg(-1) in 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 1 00 000 epinephrine (morphine group) or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 1 00 000 epinephrine (control group) at the end of surgery. RESULTS: There was no difference in postoperative analgesic requirements within the first 24 h. In-hospital acetaminophen consumption was 85% in the morphine group compared with 81% in the control group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is no benefit of adding a subsystemic analgesic dose of morphine to local anesthetics for analgesia after dental extractions in children.     

局部浸润联合肿胀麻醉在隆乳术中的应用

目的:探讨局部浸润联合肿胀麻醉方法在隆乳术中的应用效果。方法:用此麻醉方法为156例受术者行隆乳手术,根据胸部神经、肌肉的解剖特点,行合理的分布药量和准确有效的注射。结果:156例隆乳术者,此麻醉方法均有效,且麻醉效果良好,无一例受术者因分离腔穴时产生疼痛而影响手术操作或停止手术。结论:此麻醉效果理想可靠,方法简单易行,适用于任何术式的隆乳术。而在分离腔穴时产生的疼痛主要是因注射层次不当和药量分布不均所致,与麻醉方法无关;其麻醉效果与假体置入层次或乳腺胸大肌是否发达无因果关系。     

Wound infiltration of local anaesthetic after lower segment Caesarean section

The analgesic efficacy of subcutaneous wound infiltration with 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine after elective lower segment section Caesarean section was studied in 28 patients in a double-blind randomised controlled manner using a patient-controlled analgesia system. The mean 24-hour morphine consumption of the placebo group and the bupivacaine group was similar (76 mg and 68 mg respectively). Analysis of the cumulative hourly morphine consumption failed to show any statistically significant differences between the groups. However, on a weight-adjusted basis statistically significant differences in morphine consumption were demonstrated, although these may not be clinically important. Subjective experiences of pain, nausea and drowsiness assessed by linear analogue scoring were similar in both groups.     

Pre-emptive effect of pre-incisional versus post-incisional infiltration of local anaesthesia on children undergoing hernioplasty

Background: Although promising in experimental studies of post-traumatic pain, the concept of pre-emptive analgesia is still controversial in a clinical setting. Thus, we wanted to compare the clinical efficacy of wound infiltration with local anaesthesia before surgery with wound infiltration after hernioplasty in children. Methods: Fifty children aged 2–10 years scheduled for hernioplasty were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 (n=28) was infiltrated before surgery with bupivacaine 2.5mg/ml, lmg/kg after induction of general anaesthesia. After surgery they were infiltrated with the same volume of 0.9% saline. Group 2 (n=22) was infiltrated with 0.9% saline before surgery and bupivacaine 2.5 mg/ml, lmg/kg after surgery. The study was performed double-blindly. In both groups anaesthesia was induced with thiopenthone and maintained with nitrous oxide and halothane, adjusted to keep haemodynamic measurements stable. All children were given paracetamol 15–20 mg/kg rectally when admitted to the recovery ward. Painscore (OPS) and analgesic requirements were registered postoperatively. After 48 h the parents completed a standardised questionnaire and they were interviewed by telephone after one week. Results: The pre-incisional group needed significantly less halothane during the procedure compared with the post-incisional group (P<0.05). The pre-incisional group also had a tendency towards faster awakening after the end of anaesthesia and a significantly lower OPS-pain score 30 min after the operation (P<0.03). There were no differences between the two groups regarding need for additional analgesia: meperidine i.v. during the first 5 h postoperatively, and paracetamol thereafter. There were no differences between the groups regarding activity level, appetite and quality of sleep in the first week. In both groups the need for opioid analgesics was low:54% in the pre-incisional group and 45% in the post-incisional group did not receive any opioid analgesic treatment. The children were virtually fully recovered after the first 24 h. Conclusion: Perioperative infiltration with a local anaesthetic in children undergoing hernioplasty results in a smooth recovery with little need for opioids postoperatively. Apart from a lower anaesthetic requirement and a reduced postoperative pain level after 30 min in the pre-incisional bupivacaine group, there was no difference between infiltration before (pre-emptive) or after surgery.     

Postoperative pain relief and recovery with ropivacaine infiltration after inguinal hernia repair

The purpose of this study was to assess the analgesic effects of wound infiltration with 300 mg ropivacaine. A total of 77 inpatients scheduled for inguinal hernia repair were randomized, to receive postoperative local infiltration with 40 ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml or placebo. Wound pain, consumption of analgesics and time when patients were fit for discharge were assessed. Pain scores upon mobilization and coughing were significantly lower in the ropivacaine group over 0–24 h. At rest, this difference was noted until 12 h. The mean time to the first request for analgesics was significantly longer in the ropivacaine group. The consumption of analgesics was comparable. The median time when patients were fit for discharge occurred significantly earlier in the ropivacaine group. Wound infiltration with ropivacaine after inguinal hernia repair results in lower postoperative pain scores, delays the requirement for additional analgesics, and allows earlier patient discharge.     

Analgesic efficacy of local infiltration analgesia vs. femoral nerve block after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Many published reports consider blockade of the femoral nerve distribution the best available analgesic treatment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, some argue that an alternative approach of infiltrating local anaesthetic into the surgical site has similar efficacy. The objectives of this meta‐analysis were to compare the analgesic and functional outcomes of both treatments following anterior ligament reconstruction. The primary outcomes were pain scores at rest (analogue scale, 0–10) in the early (0–2 postoperative hours), intermediate (3–12 hours) and late postoperative periods (13–24 hours). Secondary outcomes included range of motion, quadriceps muscle strength and complication rates (neurological problems, cardiovascular events, falls and knee infections). Eleven trials, including 628 patients, were identified. Pain scores in the early, intermediate and late postoperative periods were significantly lower in patients who received a femoral nerve block, with mean differences (95%CI) of 1.6 (0.2–2.9), p = 0.02; 1.2 (0.4–1.5), p = 0.002; and 0.7 (0.1–1.4), p = 0.03 respectively. The quality of evidence for our primary outcomes was moderate to high. Regarding functional outcomes, only one trial reported a similar range of motion between groups at 48 postoperative hours. No trial sought to record complications. In conclusion, femoral nerve block provides superior postoperative analgesia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to local infiltration analgesia. The impact of improved analgesia on function remains unclear due to the lack of reporting of functional outcomes in the existing literature.