寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定与融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳

目的观察采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定与融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳的效果。方法对21例寰枢椎不稳行寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定与融合术。结果本组平均随访23个月,神经症状得到不同程度的改善;螺钉位置良好,6个月后患者均获植骨融合;术后8个月JOA评分(13.9±2.1)分。结论寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳是寰枢椎后路固定较好的手术方式。     

计算机辅助设计寰枢椎椎弓根内固定数字化导向模板精确置钉

目的 提高寰枢椎后路经椎弓根手术置钉的安全性和准确性.方法 可复性寰枢椎脱位及寰枢椎不稳13例,人院即行螺旋CT薄层扫描,取患者Dicom图像经计算机三维重建后进行后路椎弓根螺钉入路安全三维通道计算机辅助设计,建立椎弓根置钉导向管与三维互补模板.在激光快速成型机上按CAD设计图以聚苯乙烯为原料,利用逆向工程原理制作相应患者个体化的骨骼模型实物和手术辅助导板,外涂树脂固化剂,经高压消毒带进手术室,利用手术导向模板辅助寰枢椎后路椎弓根螺钉置入.结果 13例患者手术顺利,可复性寰枢椎脱位及寰枢椎不稳均解剖复位,固定良好.寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉置钉位置准确,未发生任何并发症.术中出血量平均50～100 ml,手术时间平均2.0～2.5 h,平均随访12个月,5例患儿的骨融合情况仍在随访中.结论 术中在数字化椎弓根内固定导向模板引导下置钉,提高了寰枢椎椎弓根内固定置钉的安全性和准确性.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定术治疗寰枢椎不稳疗效分析

目的探讨经寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定术治疗寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-06—2018-12采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定术治疗的32例寰枢椎不稳,术中稳定寰枢椎复合体,在寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板间植骨。结果32例均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月。术中、术后均未发现椎动脉、脊髓、神经根损伤,颈部疼痛、僵硬及神经功能均明显改善。术前JOA评分为(7.7±0.8)分,术后3个月改善为(14.6±0.7)分,术后1年为(15.3±0.8)分;术后3个月JOA评分改善率为(76.3±5.4)%,术后1年JOA评分改善率为(83.5±7.3)%。本组寰椎、枢椎各置入64枚椎弓根钉,术后复查寰椎60枚椎弓根钉位置良好、枢椎64枚椎弓根钉位置良好,寰椎4枚椎弓根钉穿入椎动脉孔内侧约1 mm,考虑与内倾角度不足,但按置钉标准位置仍属于良好。27例行后路植骨者均骨性融合,5例因枢椎骨折脱位行C1~3固定且未植骨者术后6个月骨折愈合后拆除内固定物。结论寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定术治疗寰枢椎不稳能显著增强寰枢椎稳定性,且复位满意、固定节段短、植骨融合率高,可取得满意疗效。     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳

目的探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳的方法与临床疗效。方法自2007年12月~2010年6月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗C1、2不稳21例,其中AndersonⅡ型齿状突骨折14例(陈旧性骨折11例,新鲜骨折3例),Ⅲ型陈旧性齿状突骨折1例,先天性游离齿状突并寰枢椎不稳6例。结果 21例共置入螺钉82枚,其中有1例6岁儿童在寰椎后弓上2个挂钩。随访时间12～40个月,平均27个月,术后JOA评分14～17分,平均14.8分。无感染,未发生与螺钉相关的神经血管并发症,无内固定松动或断钉现象,21例植骨者术后随访均已达到骨性融合。结论寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定技术是治疗寰枢椎不稳的有效方法;难复性脱位患者先行前路松解术再经后路手术可获得良好的复位与融合;小儿亦可行该术式。     

后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位

目的探讨颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的临床效果。方法对25例寰枢椎不稳或脱位患者采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉系统复位固定并植骨融合治疗。结果所有患者术中无椎动脉及脊髓损伤发生,术后枕颈部不适症状均不同程度消失,受损脊髓神经功能改善明显。25例均获随访,时间12~36(18±6)个月。末次随访时,无螺钉断裂、松动或移位,颈椎复位满意,无寰枢椎再移位,失稳现象发生,全部获得骨性融合;颈椎屈曲功能良好,旋转功能轻度受限。结论后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合术是治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的有效方法。     

寰枢椎后路固定技术研究进展

寰枢椎不稳是由炎症、创伤、先天性疾病、肿瘤或退变引起的脊柱生物力学异常改变,常常需要手术固定。最初的后路钢丝固定技术操作安全,但术后需要较长时间外固定制动,并且不融合率高。螺钉固定技术(经关节螺钉、寰枢椎侧块和椎弓根钉技术)融合率高、不需要坚强的术后制动,但是其技术要求高。枢椎椎板螺钉能坚强固定寰枢椎复合体,可作为枢椎椎弓根螺钉的补充固定技术。文中将复习寰枢椎复合体后路固定的发展史和各种技术,同时讨论各自的成功率及其并发症。     

经寰枢椎椎弓根内固定治疗可复性寰枢椎不稳

目的探讨经寰枢椎椎弓根内固定治疗可复性寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效。方法采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根内固定治疗16例可复性寰枢椎不稳患者。采用JOA评分对手术前后脊髓功能进行评定。结果患者均顺利置钉,无脊髓、神经根及椎动脉损伤。15例患者获得随访,时间12~38个月;1例失访。患者植骨全部融合,无内固定断裂及松动,神经功能均有不同程度的改善,末次随访时JOA评分改善率为85%±5.5%。结论经寰枢椎椎弓根内固定可为可复性寰枢椎不稳提供良好的固定。     

双侧经寰枢椎关节螺钉联合寰椎椎板挂钩固定术治疗寰枢椎不稳

目的 探讨寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗方法 .方法 采用双侧经寰枢椎关节螺钉联合寰椎椎板挂钩固定及取自体髂骨植骨融合的方法 治疗寰枢椎不稳患者15例,并进行回顾分析.结果 15例患者均术中顺利,未发生并发症,术后均症状缓解、功能恢复,经6～24个月随访,平均12.3月,均获得骨性愈合,无一例假关节形成,取得满意疗效.结论 双侧经寰枢椎关节螺钉联合寰椎椎板挂钩固定植骨融合术具有安全、术后即刻稳定、植骨融合率高等特点,为寰枢椎不稳后路的理想术式.     

寰枢椎不稳后路手术固定的研究

目的 比较研究寰枢椎不稳后路固定的方法,为寰枢椎不稳患者制定合理的手术方案。方法 回顾5年来手术治疗的34例寰枢椎不稳病例,并对几种手术方法的适应证、稳定性和疗效进行比较研究,分析其结果。结果 寰枢椎不稳的不同病因采用不同的固定方法临床结果不同。后路钢丝法对齿状突骨折引起的寰枢椎不稳固定效果良好,类风湿关节炎所导致的寰枢椎不稳后路钢丝固定也有好的疗效,但术后需用严格的头颈胸石膏固定。Apofix椎板夹固定与Brooks法固定效果无显著差异。Magerl螺钉是最牢靠的内固定方法。结论 寰枢椎不稳采用后路手术固定应根据不同的病因选择不同的固定融合方法和术后辅助外固定。     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎失稳

目的探讨经后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合技术治疗寰枢椎失稳的手术方法、疗效。方法采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉系统,固定、融合治疗32例寰枢椎失稳患者,术中在C型臂X线机辅助下行C1、C2置钉,复位固定,取自体髂骨行椎板间植骨。术后颈托固定3个月。结果 32例128枚螺钉成功置入,复位满意,术中未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤。患者全部获327个月定期随访,螺钉位置良好,钉棒无松动、断裂,术后36个月均获植骨融合。术前JOA评分（8.6±2.8）分;术后3个月JOA评分（14.9±1.8）分,恢复率76%92%,平均83%。结论经后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合技术具有直视下置钉、短节段固定、固定牢靠、植骨融合率高等特点,有利于稳定寰枢关节及脊髓功能的恢复,是一种较为理想的治疗寰枢椎失稳的内固定术式。     

Open posterior stabilization for recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability

Open posterior capsular shift is used for posterior glenohumeral instability that has failed nonoperative treatment. Few series have fully evaluated the outcome after open posterior stabilization. The purpose of this series was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome after open posterior stabilization of the shoulder. Preoperative and intraoperative factors were analyzed with regard to their impact on results. Forty-eight consecutive shoulders were identified that had undergone primary open shoulder stabilization by use of open posterior capsular shift. Of the shoulders, 4 were lost to follow-up, resulting in a study group of 44 shoulders in 41 patients. Shoulders were evaluated at a range of 1.8 to 22.5 years after surgery by use of the L'Insalata shoulder form, Short Form-36 (SF-36), and a subjective shoulder rating in 44 shoulders. Thirty-nine shoulders were evaluated by physical examination, and thirty-seven underwent radiographic examination. A recurrence of posterior instability occurred in 8 shoulders (19%). Of the patients, 84% were satisfied with the current status of their shoulder. The mean L'Insalata score was 81.25+/-17.8 points, the mean SF-36 physical component score was 50.81+/-7.87, and the mean mental component score was 53.82+/-7.55. Significantly poorer satisfaction and outcome scores were seen in shoulders found to have a chondral defect at the time of stabilization and in patients aged greater than 37 years at the time of surgery. No progressive radiographic signs of glenohumeral arthritis were seen up to 22 years after surgery. Open posterior shoulder stabilization is a reliable procedure for treating significant posterior instability without causing arthritic changes. Patients found to have chondral damage within the shoulder and older patients were found to have less success after stabilization.     

Sacrocolpopexy without concomitant posterior repair improves posterior compartment defects

The aim of this study is to determine posterior compartment topography 1-year after sacrocolpopexy (SC). Women who had SC without concomitant anterior or posterior repairs for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were included. Vaginal topography was assessed at baseline and 1-year postoperatively using POP quantification (POPQ). At baseline, 24% had stage IV POP, 68% stage III, and 8% stage II. One year after surgery, 75% had stage 0/I POP, 24% stage II, and 1% stage III. 112 (75%) were objectively cured (stage 0 or I POP). Anterior compartment was the most common site of POP persistence or recurrence (Ba >/= stage II in 23 women) followed by posterior compartment (Bp >/= stage II in 12 women) and apex (C >/= stage II in 2 women). In 1-year follow-up, SC without concomitant posterior repair restores posterior vaginal topography in the majority of women with undergoing SC.     

髋臼后柱骨折与后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗

目的探讨髋臼后柱骨折、后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗方法。方法15例A2型髋臼骨折均采用手术治疗。手术入路：Kocher-Langenbeck入路6例，改良Kocher-Langenbeck入路9例。结果15例中达到解剖复位13例，复位欠佳2例。获得随访11例，随访时间1～4年，平均2年。关节功能按改良d-Aubigne和Postel功能评定标准，优良10例，可1例。术后异位骨化Brookel Ⅰ度1例、Ⅱ度2例。原发坐骨神经损伤2例，1例在1年后恢复，另1例未恢复。结论只有把患髋前后位片、闭孔斜位片、髂骨斜位片、CT平扫图像、SSD重建图像、MPR图像和VRT重建图像结合起来，才能做出髋臼后柱骨折或后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断。绝大多数髋臼后柱骨折和后柱伴后壁骨折需行玎放复位内固定，复位后柱骨折的最好方法是联合使用Schanz螺钉与Farabeuf钳，术中根据具体情况选择1块或2块后柱重建钢板固定。     

One-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 12 patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction by posterior segmental instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of 12 patients with hemivertebra treated by hemivertebra resection by single posterior approach and correction with segmental posterior instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra causes extremely severe curves in some patients. Posterior fusion or posterior and anterior hemi-epiphysiodesis is performed to prevent progression of the deformity. The results of these procedures have been variable and not promising, especially in an adolescent patient with fixed kyphoscoliotic deformity. Hemivertebra resection offers more certain results and better correction of the deformity. To date, hemivertebra resection is performed by anterior and posterior approaches either by one-stage or two-stage operation. Few reports have been published describing a procedure consisting of one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction of the deformity by segmental posterior instrumentation. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with a single hemivertebra between the ages 8-24 years who underwent operative treatment were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. All patients had a single nonincarcerated hemivertebra [T9 (1 patient), T10 (2), T11 (2), T12 (4), and L1 (3)]. After posterior hemivertebra resection, segmental posterior instrumentation was used for correction of the kyphoscoliotic deformity [CD (4 patients), Kaneda SR (2), and ISOLA (6)]. Radiographic evaluations were conducted on the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up standing posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. RESULTS: All 12 patients had kyphoscoliotic deformity. Preoperative scoliosis averaging 49 degrees was corrected to 18 degrees (correction rate, 64%). Preoperative kyphosis of 40 degrees was corrected to 17 degrees of kyphosis. Trunk shift of 23 mm was improved to 3 mm. Correction loss was 2 degrees in the frontal plane and 3 degrees in the sagittal plane, and no patients showed more than 5 degrees of correction loss. No intraoperative complications were noted. Solid fusion was obtained in all patients, and no implant failure was verified at the final radiographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that correction of kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra can be effectively conducted by one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation. The operation was safe, and no associated adverse complications were noted. This procedure is best indicated for adolescent patients with a structural kyphoscoliotic deformity caused by a thoracic or thoracolumbar single hemivertebra.     

Arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the posterior trans-septal portal

We describe an arthroscopic technique for the reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), while preserving the remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, using the posterior trans-septal portal. The posterior trans-septal portal provides an excellent visualization of the PCL tibial attachment and an easy access to the tibial tunnel without injuring any neurovascular structure. The remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, which significantly contributes to the posterior stability of the knee joint, are preserved to be healed with a graft and subsequently form an integrated structure. We report a new arthroscopic technique for an effective reconstruction of the PCL, using the posterior trans-septal portal.     

Fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach

Objective  Stable internal screw fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach. Indications  Complete, unstable sacroiliac dislocations with incompetence of anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Sacroiliac fracture dislocations. Displaced vertical sacral fractures. Contraindications  Damage to posterior soft tissues. Acceptable closed reduction of sacrum or sacroiliac joint. Ipsilateral acetabular fractures treated through an anterior approach. Inadequate intraoperative fluoroscopic visualization of posterior pelvis. Surgical Technique  Vertical paramedian incision overlying the sacroiliac joint. Release of origin of gluteus maximus. Inspection and reduction of sacroiliac joint. Stabilization with iliosacral screws under image intensification. Secure repair of gluteal fascia. Results  107 patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of which 83 had an open reduction of posterior ring injuries. Accuracy of reduction: more than 95% of patients had residual displacement of less than 10 mm. Two patients had a deep wound infection postoperatively. Two-thirds of the patients were able to resume their previous occupation. Pain was either absent or occurred only with strenuous activities. 63% had a normal gait.     

后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折的临床疗效,分析该类骨折形态、手术入路的选择以及对Schatzker分型的再认识。方法回顾分析2003年6月-2009年6月23例采用后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折患者的临床资料。男15例,女8例;年龄32～56岁,平均38岁。均为闭合性骨折。致伤原因:高处坠落伤5例,交通事故伤15例,运动损伤3例。骨折按Moore分型:Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅳ型4例。常规行膝关节正侧位X线片、CT扫描及三维重建。患者受伤至手术时间为3～14d,平均6d。结果骨折获解剖复位17例,一般复位6例。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。23例均获随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均24个月。骨折于术后6～9个月达临床愈合,平均7.6个月。无神经、血管损伤、内固定失效、关节僵硬、创伤性骨关节炎、畸形愈合等并发症发生。末次随访时根据Rasmussen评分系统评定膝关节功能,获优14例,良7例,可2例,优良率为91.3%。结论胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折少见,有其独特的形态特点,Schatzker分型不能完全涵盖该类骨折。采用后方入路可在直视下复位关节面,固定牢靠,术后可早期行功能锻炼,并发症少,是较好的手术治疗方案。