小切口同期双侧髋关节置换治疗髋关节强直

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎晚期引起的髋关节骨性强直双侧髋关节同时置换术的方法和疗效.方法 选取18例(36髋)强直性脊柱炎并双侧髋关节强直施行同期双侧人工全髋关节置换手术,并进行回顾性分析.结果 本组获平均3.5年随访,Harris关节功能评分,术前平均21.5分,术后平均95分.未见髋臼假体松动、脱落,无感染、脱位等并发...     

全髋置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形

[目的]探讨强直性脊柱炎髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形患者行全髋关节置换术的方法和疗效.[方法]21例(29髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形患者行全髋关节置换术, 男20例(28髋),女1例(1髋);年龄21～49岁,平均32.4岁;病程3～32年,平均15.6年;屈曲强直畸形30°～95°,平均58.6°;单侧13例, 双侧8例;15例(23髋)合并髋关节骨性强直.采用髋关节Watson-Jones外侧切口,生物型假体17例(22髋),骨水泥型假体4例(7髋).采用Harris评分对术前及术后髋关节功能进行评价.[结果]21例患者术后平均随访4.5年,髋关节功能均明显改善,Harris评分由术前平均21.7分提高到术后平均83.2分.髋关节屈曲畸形矫正,29个髋关节总活动度(屈伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋等6个方向活动总和)由术前平均7°增加为术后平均196°.术后髋痛消失, 膝痛、腰骶痛明显改善,步态恢复正常, 生活能自理.[结论]全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形一种有效的方法.     

一期双侧Tri-lock柄THA治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直

[目的]探讨一期Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty, THA)治疗强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis, AS)累及双侧髋关节骨性强直的临床疗效。[方法]本院关节外科于2010年12～2018年12月治疗一期采用Tri-lock柄行THA的12例(24髋)强直性脊柱炎累及双侧髋关节骨性强直患者,其中男9例,女3例;年龄19～37岁,平均(28.32±6.43)岁。病程6～21年,平均(12.30±3.50)年。术中股骨颈均采用二次截骨,术后骨盆正位及双侧髋关节侧位X线片,评价人工髋关节假体位置,Engh标准评价骨-假体界面稳定性,Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能。[结果]均获随访13个月～7年,平均(5.60±2.20)年。术后12例(24髋) Harris评分(91.50±3.10)分,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1例发生坐骨神经麻痹,经屈髋屈膝位对症处理后治愈,其余患者均无骨折、血管神经损伤、髋关节脱位、感染、假体松动、深静脉血栓、肺部感染等并发症发生。[结论]一期Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体THA治疗强直性脊柱炎累及双侧髋关节强直,可有效改善双侧髋关节活动度,重建髋关节功能,提高患者生活质量。     

全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直27例分析

[目的]探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直的临床疗效。[方法]选取2002年6月～2007年6月收治的行人工全髋关节置换术的强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直患者27例(38个髋关节),对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]经平均2年4个月随访,患者髋关节术前活动度为0°,术后总的活动度平均为147.4°,其中平均屈髋92.6°;髋关节屈曲畸形程度,术前平均31.0°,术后平均5.2°;Harris评分,术前平均16.6分,术后平均93.3分。术后患者髋痛消失,步态基本恢复正常,无严重并发症发生。[结论]人工全髋关节置换术可明显增加髋关节活动度,矫正髋关节畸形,改善髋关节功能,提高患者的生活质量,是治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累强直的有效方法。     

强直性脊柱炎合并双髋关节融合晚期手术治疗

[目的]探讨强直性脊椎炎髋关节晚期病变行全髋关节置换术的疗效及并发症处理和对策。[方法]对38例(65髋)强直性脊柱炎患者行人工全髋关节置换术,其中男28例,女10例;年龄20～45岁,平均34岁。采用国际医学科学组织委员会国际诊断标准进行疾病诊断,随访平均3年。[结果]术后疗效根据Harris评分标准。术后除了2例患者外,病人有轻微疼痛或者无疼痛,髋关节活动范围增加了平均45.5°。对于关节纤维强直的患者,术后髋关节屈曲改善了平均57.3°。对于术前活动范围局限在室内的12例患者,11例活动范围明显得到改善,但是需要指出的是强直性脊柱炎患者术后行走功能较其他疾病的患者要差。术后无深静脉血栓、假体松动、断裂以及脱位发生。异位骨化发生率13.7%(7髋),但对功能无明显影响。[结论]强直性脊椎炎髋关节晚期病变适宜行全髋关节置换术。选择髋关节外侧切口,术中强直髋关节处理措施得当,人工假体选择合适,术后康复手段完善和规范,可以明显恢复关节功能,但与其他病因的全髋关节置换术相比,具有很高的骨化性肌炎发生率。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的效果。方法对20例(27髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者行人工全髋关节置换手术。置换前患者日常活动均明显受限,其中需要使用助行器7例,生活完全不能自理4例,8例(11髋)关节强直。比较手术前后髋关节Harris评分和关节活动度及术后并发症。1例患者后期行脊柱后凸矫形术。结果全部病例获得随访,平均随访时间4.2年(1.2~7.8年)。最后一次随访,23髋(85.2%)疼痛完全消失;仅有1例仍需双拐辅助行走,其余患者均可不扶拐行走,步态正常。术前Harris评分平均14.9分,髋关节活动度平均40°。术后Harris评分平均82.9分,其中优8髋,良10髋,可7髋,差2髋,优良率74.1%;髋关节活动度平均190.5°;髋关节Harris评分及关节活动度均显著高于置换前(P0.05)。4髋(7.4%)出现异位骨化,分别为Brooker分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级。假体无菌性松动1例。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的有效手段,可以缓解关节疼痛,恢复关节功能,改善患者生活质量。     

全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术在治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直的临床疗效及安全性。方法：自2008年1月至2012年1月,采用全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直12例（24髋）,其中男11例,女1例,年龄27~62岁,病程5~32年。统计患者术前及术后髋关节活动度及Harris功能评分,术中及术后并发症。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间60~96个月,平均72.6个月,所有患者术后Harris评分较术前提高,髋关节活动度提高;优3例,良6例,中3例。异位骨化1例,为BrookerⅠ级,无临床症状未处理。1例术前严重屈曲畸形患者术后出现股神经牵拉损伤,随访1年后恢复。末次随访均未出现假体下沉及臼杯松动,无关节脱位、急性感染及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。结论：全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期髋关节骨性强直的有效方法。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床研究

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的手术方法及术后疗效。方法 2005年5月至2008年5月,对13例(18髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者行全髋关节置换术,患者均为男性,平均年龄35岁(22～51岁)。术后平均随访3.8年(2～5年),根据Harris评分进行评分,根据Gruen股骨分区法和DeLee-Charnley髋臼分区法对股骨假体和髋臼假体作影像学分析。结果 13例(18髋)患者Harris评分由术前平均24.3分(0～38分)提高至术后平均87.3分(54～94分),疗效优6髋,良10髋,可2髋,优良率为88.9%。髋关节总活动度由术前平均35.4°(0°～105°)提高至术后平均192.6°(78°～225°)。X线片未见假体松动、脱位或折断,异位骨化发生率11.1%(2髋)。结论全髋关节置换术是重建强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者髋关节功能,提高生活质量的有效方法。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直髋臼解剖旋转中心重建

目的探讨继发于强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直患者进行全髋关节置换术中髋关节旋转中心重建的方法及效果。方法对2014年1月至2019年12月间接受全髋关节置换术的15例(共25髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者进行回顾性研究分析,其中男12例,女3例,年龄28～47岁,平均(36.13±6.97)岁,所有病例均行人工全髋关节置换术。采用外侧入路经股骨头直接磨挫显露髋臼,参考泪滴结构制作髋臼、重建髋关节旋转中心,术后应用Pierchon法评估假体位置及旋转中心,比较分析术前术后髋关节Harris功能评分。结果所有髋关节均采用生物型全髋关节假体,手术时间65～90 min,出血量300～500 mL,无感染、神经血管损伤病例,外展角为(40.9±3.09)°,髋关节解剖旋转中心垂直距离及水平距离分别为(17.92±1.42)mm和(37.42±1.47)mm,髋关节重建旋转中心垂直距离为(18.95±1.47)mm,水平距离为(33.61±2.37)mm,髋关节位置良好。本组患者均获得随访,随访时间6～68个月,平均(32.87±21.17)个月。术前HSS评分平均为(45.04±10.43)分,末次随访时为(88.4±2.67)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。随访期间未发生假体松动、脱位。结论继发于强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直经外侧入路行人工全髋关节置换术,通过直接磨挫股骨头能够显露髋臼,并参考泪滴解剖结构制作髋臼,重建旋转中心接近解剖旋转中心,髋关节功能显著改善,但手术技术要求高。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直人工全髋关节置换术的疗效分析

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直行人工全髋关节置换术(THA)的疗效及手术注意事项。方法回顾性分析采用THA治疗的强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直24例(34髋)。8例纤维性强直患者较容易取出股骨头,常规一次截骨锯断股骨颈;16例骨性强直髋关节取出股骨头困难,2次截骨后直接在残余股骨头上打磨。结果术后无血管、神经损伤等并发症。24例术后随访15~36个月,平均21个月。术后患者生活基本都能自理,步态恢复正常。2例存在10°左右屈曲畸形,1例术后存在较明显髋后侧疼痛,分析可能与术中髋臼成形时髋臼后壁骨折有关。X线片检查未见假体松动、下沉,1例发生髋关节前脱位,经脊柱外科医师矫正后凸畸形后改善。末次随访时所有患者髋关节屈伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋等活动均达到140°(100°~203°),髋关节功能Harris评分平均92分。结论采用THA治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直可明显恢复关节功能,改善临床症状,提高生活质量。     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

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Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.

     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the ankylosed hip

Altered biomechanics secondary to hip ankylosis often result in degeneration of the lumbar spine, ipsilateral knee, and contralateral hip and knee. Symptoms in these joints may be reduced with conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) of the ankylosed hip. THA in the ankylosed hip is a technically challenging procedure, and the overall clinical outcome is generally less satisfactory than routine THA performed for osteoarthritis and other etiologies. Functional integrity of the hip abductor muscles is the most important predictor of walking ability following conversion THA. Many patients experience persistent limp, and it can take up to 2 years to fully assess final functional outcome. Risk factors cited for increased risk of failed THA include prior surgical ankylosis and age <50 years at the time of conversion THA.     

Total hip arthroplasty after hip joint ankylosis

Background

Back pain and knee pain are typical secondary degeneration symptoms after hip ankylosis. Take down of hip ankylosis and implantation of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is believed to be a promising treatment option.

Methods

A total of 22 hip ankylosis patients [15 men, mean age 53.7 years (range 30–72 years); 7 women, mean age 50.8 years (range 42–61 years)] underwent THA during 1980–2000 after spontaneous (n = 10) or surgical (n = 12) fusion of the hip joint. The mean duration of ankylosis prior to THA was 32.5 years (range 2–61 years).

Results

At the mean follow-up of 13.2 years (range 2–19 years), the Harris hip score averaged 84.9 points (range 70.1–99.0 points). All patients (100%) confirmed that they would undergo conversion surgery again. Aseptic loosening of two stems (one cemented, one cementless; 9.5%) and two deep infections (9.5%) required revision surgery.

Conclusions

THA is a promising option for treatment of secondary long-term hip ankylosis sequelae. A conversion operation after spontaneous ankylosis provides better functional outcome than after surgical fusion. However, full function with complete pain relief and a negative Trendelenburg sign might be not attainable in all cases.     

Total hip arthroplasty in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocation

We treated 15 patients with chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations at our hospital; all patients sustained the fracture-dislocations in motor vehicle accidents. All presented to our institution more than 6 months after initial treatment at their local hospitals with uncontained femoral heads; all underwent 1-stage total hip arthroplasty with bone grafting. These patients were monitored for a mean of 71.5 months (range, 36-96 months). All patients had significantly decreased pain, increased function, and increased range-of-motion scores using the Merle d'Aubigné scoring system. All grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. There were 2 dislocations, 1 transient peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 superficial infection. Total hip arthroplasty is effective for relieving pain and restoring function in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations.     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip replacement in the previously septic hip

Total hip replacement was performed in either one or two stages in thirty-three hips with active sepsis. The sepsis had followed hemiarthroplasty in six hips, open reduction with internal fixation of a fracture in eight, cup arthroplasty in one, and total hip replacement in eight hips within six years prior to the second total hip replacement. Ten additional patients had total hip replacement following destruction of the hip joint by hematogenous sepsis in nine and by infection following a shrapnel wound in one. Of these thirty-three patients, twenty-three (70 per cent) reveal no signs of infection at three to nine years after prosthetic replacement. Of the remaining ten in whom an infection developed, six had definite recurrences of the original infection, three were infected with organisms different from the original one, and one was either a local recurrence or reseeding from a persistent pyelonephritis. The success rate when the original organism was gram-positive was 78 per cent, including two of three total hip replacements done in the presence of active infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The success with gram-negative organisms, however, was only 58 per cent. The prosthetic failure rate was highest in patients who had had a previous infection about a total hip replacement (37 per cent) and in patients who had had a previous infection but no prior prosthetic or internal fixation devices (37 per cent). The lowest prosthetic failure rates were in patients with an infected hemiarthroplasty (16 per cent), an infection around an internal fixation device (25 per cent), or an infected cup arthroplasty. A complete and differential blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspiration arthrogram, and radiographs did not effectively predict success or failure. For gram-positive infections, the success rates were similar following either a one or a two-stage procedure. We found that the success rates could be improved by a repeat course of parenteral antibiotics after the total hip replacement even if all preoperative and intraoperative studies failed to identify an infection. Patients with a successful total hip replacement achieved much better functional results than those who had to have a Girdlestone procedure. However, all patients must be carefully assessed prior to reimplantation of a prosthesis because of the high failure rate, especially with gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas having the gravest prognosis), even when the procedure is done in two stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Total hip replacement in the congenitally dysplastic hip

Total hip replacement arthroplasty can relieve pain and improve function for many patients with end-stage arthritis.Patients with congenital hip dysplasia, however, present special problems because of the deformities of the acetabulum and femur.Noncemented porous-coated hemispheric acetabular components available in small sizes, and small, straight-stemmed, cemented, femoral components can be used to deal with the bony deformities and have considerably expanded the success of total hip replacement in such patients.The acetabular dysplasia can be managed in most cases by reaming to the medial wall, inserting small-diameter, porous-coated, acetabular components and stabilizing them with screws to provide rigid initial stability. Small portions of the components can be covered with bone graft chips. If necessary, the acetabular component can be placed more proximal than normal, thus increasing the height of the prosthetic hip center, while restoring the limb length with a longer neck prosthesis. a high total dislocation without the development of an adequate false acetabulum, however, requires trochanteric osteotomy, femoral shortening, placement of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum, and the use of straight-stem femoral components.