影响人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床风险因素分析

目的 分析影响人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的临床风险因素。方法对2004年4月至8月95例128个人工髋、膝关节置换术术后DVT发生情况进行分析。其中男性27例,女性68例,平均年龄60岁（23～78岁）。人工髋关节置换术（THA）43例48髋,人工膝关节置换术（TKA）52例80膝。术前及术后7～10d均用彩色多普勒检查双下肢深静脉血流通畅情况及DVT的发生。对19项临床因素与人工关节置换术后DVT形成的相关性进行了分析。结果术后发生DVT的患者有45人,DVT发生率为47．4％（45／95）,其中无症状DVT患者占57．8％（26／45）。经logistic多因素回归分析,与DVT相关的因素有4个,其中女性、肥胖及骨水泥的使用使术后发生DVT的风险分别增加到10．008、3．094、8．887倍（P〈0．05）;类风湿关节炎的诊断使术后发生DVT的可能性减少到0．194倍（P〈0．05）。结论女性、肥胖及骨水泥的使用是人工关节术后发生DVT的危险因素,而类风湿关节炎（RA）则是减少术后发生DVT的保护因素;关节置换术后无症状DVT的大量存在,提示我们术后最好常规行双下肢彩色多普勒或造影检查,一旦有DVT发生,及时治疗,防止发生致命性肺栓塞。     

人工全髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

[目的]分析人工全髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床危险因素.[方法]纳入2007年2～7月48名患者51例全髋置换手术病例,术前和术后第7 d进行双下肢血管彩超检查,分析15项临床因素与术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的发生有无相关性.[结果]经双下肢血管彩超检查,51例手术有17例发现DVT,全部为小腿肌间静脉血栓,DVT发生率33.3%;DVT患者中无症状者占47.1%(8/17);多因素Logistic回归分析表明:年龄≥65岁,输血总量大和血清甘油三脂水平(TG)高是全髋关节置换术后DVT发生的重要危险因素,其OR(Odd Ratio)值分别为:116.597、1.01和37.249(P＜0.05).[结论]女性,年龄大,肥胖,血清甘油三脂和胆固醇升高,"O"型血、输血总量大,患糖尿病和高血压的患者发生DVT的风险高(relative risk,RR＞1);年龄≥65岁、输血总量大和血清甘油三脂水平高是人工全髋关节置换术后并发DVT的危险因素;术后应控制输血量,需要大量输血者采取少量多次输血;下肢肌间静脉血栓的发生应该引起临床医师和B超医师的注意.     

阿司匹林预防关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的研究进展

深静脉血栓是关节置换术后一种潜在的致命性并发症。近年来,阿司匹林作为一种新型抗血栓药物兴起。阿司匹林由于它的方便、便宜、耐受性好倍受广大医生的喜欢。但关于阿司匹林抗血栓的有效性、安全性仍争议较多。本文就阿司匹林抗血栓的机制、有效性、安全性、并发症、使用剂量做一综述。     

全膝置换术后症状性深静脉血栓危险因素

[目的]探讨全膝关节置换（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）术后症状性深静脉血栓（deep vein thrombosis, DVT）发生的危险因素。[方法] 2018年—2023年于遵义市第一人民医院关节外科行TKA治疗的926例患者纳入研究。观察血栓的发生情况。采用单因素比较和多元逻辑回归分析探索DVT发生的危险因素。[结果]926例患者中,76例术后临床与超声检查确诊为症状性DVT,发生率为8.2%(76/926);1例肺动脉CTA检查确诊为肺动脉栓塞,发生率为0.1%(1/926)。血栓组患者男性占比[男/女,(23/53) vs (147/703), P=0.006]、吸烟者占比[是/否,(14/62) vs (75/775), P=0.008]、合并高血压[是/否,(50/26) vs (413/437), P=0.004]、心率失常[是/否,(7/69) vs (33/817), P=0.029]及下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全[是/否,(57/19) vs (488/362), P=0.004]的比率、术中失血量[(151.4±77.9) ml vs (1...     

人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成

了解人工关节置换术后深静脉血栓的发生情况。方法５１例未行预防性抗凝治疗的人工关节置换患者于术后３－１３天行双侧上行性静脉造影。分析调查术后深静脉血栓的发病情况。     

脊柱术后深静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的 探讨脊柱术后深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thromhosis,DVT)的危险因素,分析并找出相关的高危因素,为预防与减少脊柱术后深静脉血栓的形成提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2016年6月至2020年6月新疆医科大学第一附属医院骨科中心收治的480例脊柱疾病患者术后的临床资料,根据术后l周以内下肢静脉超声...     

膝髋骨性关节炎关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓发生的常见危险因素分析

[目的]分析膝、髋关节骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)形成的常见危险因素。[方法]2010年8月²012年2月行全膝、髋关节置换术的患者456例,所有患者均在术后32012年2月行全膝、髋关节置换术的患者456例,所有患者均在术后3⁵ d行下肢深静脉造影。根据造影结果分为DVT组(男22例,女121例;平均年龄66.97岁)和非DVT组(男68例,女245例;平均年龄65.93岁),分析两组患者中年龄、性别、糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病史、血栓史、恶性肿瘤史、体重指数(Body mass index,BMI)、吸烟史及手术类型与DVT发生风险的潜在相关性。[结果]OA患者中,BMI≥25 kg/m2(OR=1.716;95%CI=1.100-2.675;P=0.017)和心血管疾病史(OR=3.403;95%CI=1.129-10.260;P=0.030)能显著增加关节置换术后DVT的发生风险。[结论]高BMI和心血管疾病史是膝、髋OA患者行关节置换术后DVT发生的危险因素。     

复杂全髋置换术后下肢深静脉血栓的相关因素

[目的]研究复杂初次全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)后发生下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的概率及危险因素.[方法]回顾2017年5月—2018年12月本科收治的197例行复杂初次髋关节置换术患者的临床资料,手术前后均行下肢深静脉血管超声检查以明确...     

人工关节置换术后预防性抗凝治疗对下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响

目的了解人工关节置换术后给予预防性抗凝治疗及未给予预防性抗凝治疗对下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响。方法90例人工关节置换术后病人行预防性抗凝治疗2周后行下肢上行性静脉造影,调查深静脉血栓形成影响,结果预防性抗凝治疗后下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率为11.1%,未行预防性抗凝治疗的发生率为47.5%。结论给予预防性抗凝治疗后下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率明显低于未给予预防性抗凝治疗。     

全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓并发症的发病因素

下肢的骨关节手术常常并发深静脉血栓 (deepvenousthrombosis ,DVT)形成 ,导致疼痛、静脉炎、肺栓塞 ,甚至危及生命。尤其是全膝关节置换术 (totalkneearthroplasty ,TKA) ,如果不加以预防 ,其下肢DVT发生率为 40 %～ 84%,其中近端DVT占 8%～ 2 4%,有症状的肺栓塞 (pulmonaryem     

人工髋膝关节置换术后症状性静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的危险因素分析

[目的]分析人工髋、膝关节置换术后症状性静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(venous thromboembolism,VTE)发生的危险因素。[方法]2013年5月~2013年12月行人工髋、膝关节置换术患者602例,这些患者在术后出现下肢疼痛、肿胀、周径发生改变、Homans征阳性时行双下肢深静脉彩超(ultrasonography,USG)检查是否发生下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT),同时记录入组患者肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)事件的发生,分析患者年龄、性别、BMI、手术类型、单双侧、糖尿病史、术前血糖、术前胆固醇、术前甘油三酯、术前D-dimer等与症状性VTE发生风险的相关性。[结果]人工髋、膝关节置换术后共发生症状性VTE 19例(3.16%),其中远端DVT 18例(3.00%),近端DVT 4例(0.66%),PE 2例(0.33%)。症状性VTE患者的平均年龄为(66.74±9.04)岁,显著高于其余患者人群(OR=1.065;95%CI=1.001~1.133;P=0.047)。[结论]症状性VTE是人工髋、膝关节置换术后不容忽视的问题,尽管进行常规的预防,其发生率仍不低。年龄是人工髋、膝关节置换术后发生症状性VTE的危险因素。对于年龄大的患者,应进行及时有效的VTE预防措施。     

全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症危险因素的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析总结全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,为临床识别和预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症提供循证医学的根据。 方法检索PUBMED、EMBASE、Cochrane library、中国知网(CKNI)等数据库建库至2018年6月关于全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的临床研究。排除研究对象为非成人的文献及结局指标与静脉血栓不相关的文献。由2位研究者独立进行资料提取和质量评估,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果最终共纳入23篇文献,累计病例775 294例,其中10 325例静脉血栓,平均发生率(18.29±0.23)%。Meta分析结果显示,年龄≥ 70岁[OR ＝0.92,95%CI(0.87,0.97),I² ＝33%,P ＝0.0030]、年龄≥ 80岁[OR ＝0.85,95%CI(0.76,0.96),I² ＝68%,P ＝0.0090]、术中止血带的使用[OR＝2.14,95%CI(1.36,3.38),I² ＝0%,P ＝0.0010]是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。女性[OR ＝0.95,95%CI(0.85,1.05),I² ＝59%,P ＝0.32]、尼格罗人种[OR＝0.40, 95%CI(0.11,1.48),I²＝99%, P＝0.1700]、高血压[OR＝1.46,95%CI(0.87,2.45),I² ＝91%,P ＝0.1500]、糖尿病[OR ＝1.11,95%CI(0.90,1.37),I² ＝68%,P ＝0.3300]、类风湿性关节炎[OR ＝0.78,95%CI(0.38,1.56),I² ＝89%,P ＝0.4800]、翻修[OR ＝1.14,95%CI(0.18,7.25),I² ＝88%,P ＝0.8900]、下肢静脉曲张[OR ＝1.30,95%CI(0.83,2.04),I² ＝29%,P ＝0.2500]、肿瘤[OR ＝1.11,95%CI(0.32,3.92),I² ＝91%,P ＝0.8700]、心脏疾病[OR ＝1.19,95%CI(0.37,2.89),I² ＝98%,P ＝0.9600]、肝肾疾病[OR ＝1.19,95%CI(0.84,1.67),I² ＝0%,P ＝0.3200]不是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论年龄≥ 70岁、年龄≥ 80岁、术中止血带的使用是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的高危险因素,临床医护人员应更加关注以上相关危险因素,以预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的发生。     

Optimal duration of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism following total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty

Elective total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty are associated with a high risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism. Traditionally, antithrombotic prophylaxis has been administered during the hospital stay. However, with patients spending less time in the hospital after surgery, there is a need to continue thromboprophylaxis beyond hospital discharge. The current recommendation for prophylaxis in total joint arthroplasty patients is a minimum of 10 days, with extended prophylaxis up to 28 to 35 days following total hip arthroplasty. Prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins for approximately 4 weeks following hip arthroplasty has resulted in clinically significant reductions in the incidence of venographically confirmed deep vein thrombosis. Currently, no data support extended thromboprophylaxis beyond 10 days following total knee arthroplasty. Using weighted risk factors to assess individual risk for venous thromboembolism can help the physician determine the optimal duration of prophylaxis.     

Risk factors for pulmonary emboli after total hip or knee arthroplasty

Because it is difficult to predict which patients may sustain a pulmonary embolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty, we assessed multiple thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic parameters to identify risk factors. Twenty-nine patients who survived a known pulmonary embolism after total knee or total hip arthroplasty were matched by age, gender, race, arthritic diagnosis, procedure, and surgery date with 29 patient-controls who had a total hip or knee arthroplasty but who did not have a symptomatic known pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Twenty-one serologic measures and five genes associated with thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis, or both were assessed without knowledge of group assignment. All patients with pulmonary embolism had at least one abnormality of plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, dilute Russell's viper venom time, prothrombin time, or total cholesterol versus 13 of 27 (48%) control patients. Forty-seven percent of patients who experienced pulmonary embolism had at least two abnormalities of plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, dilute Russell's viper venom time, prothrombin time, or total cholesterol, versus 7% of control patients. Preoperatively, to identify patients at high risk of pulmonary embolism, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, dilute Russell's viper venom time, prothrombin time, and cholesterol levels were most predictive. Using at least one abnormality of these four measures as a screening test to detect risk of pulmonary embolism, the test is sensitive (100%), and the predictive value of a negative test is high (100%). After additional prospective study, this may allow identification of patients at low risk (the majority of patients) in whom anticoagulation may not be required and a small group of patients at high risk for pulmonary embolism in whom prophylactic anticoagulation should be provided.     

全髋关节成形术后静脉血栓栓塞性疾病预防治疗

静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)是全髋关节成形术后常见的并发症,以深静脉血栓和肺栓塞更具有潜在的致命危险,已引起临床医生高度关注.药物和机械性方法是预防治疗VTE的有效手段.药物预防治疗的同时也带来一定的出血风险,且使用时需经实验室检查监测;机械性措施可避免这些问题,但病人无法在出院后继续使用,可作为药物预防治疗的辅助措施.未来有望以基因测定为基础进行风险评估,以制定个性化的预防治疗方案.     

全髋全膝关节置换术后静脉性血栓栓塞症研究

静脉性血栓栓塞症(VTE)是全髋关节置换(THA)和全膝关节置换(TKA)术后常见并发症,非症状性VTE发生率较高,部分患者可发生症状性静脉血栓形成或肺栓塞.TKA后非症状性VTE好发于肢体远端静脉,发生率相对较高;症状性VTE多发生于术后21 d内.THA后非症状性VTE好发于肢体近端静脉,症状性VTE易发生在术后6～8周.外科手术操作和麻醉方式、年龄、性别、种族,是否有VTE病史,是否伴发恶性肿瘤、血栓形成性疾病、血液系统疾病及术后开始活动的时间等,均是重要的风险因素.当前针对THA和TKA后VTE的不同特点,预防其发生已成为共识,包括术前、术中和术后用药等措施,但还需要更深入的研究.     

Prevention of venous thromboembolic disease after total hip and knee arthroplasty

Patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty are at increased risk for the development of venous thromboembolic disease, and there is general agreement that these patients require prophylaxis. The selection of a prophylactic agent involves a balance between efficacy and safety and often needs to be individualized for specific patients and institutions. Despite extensive research, the ideal agent for prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis has not been identified. The results of randomized trials indicate that low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, and fondaparinux are the most effective prophylactic agents after total hip arthroplasty and that low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, fondaparinux, and pneumatic compression boots are the most effective agents after total knee arthroplasty. The duration of prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis after total hip and knee arthroplasty remains controversial. Prophylaxis should be continued beyond hospital discharge. In the future, the determination of the duration of prophylaxis will be based on the risk stratification of individual patients. The practice of discharging patients from the hospital without prophylaxis, even when the decision is based on negative results of procedures that screen for the presence of deep venous thrombosis, is not cost-effective.     

Rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism prevention after total knee arthroplasty: RECORD3 findings

Patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery are at considerable risk for venous thromboembolism in the days and weeks after surgery. Consequently, thromboprophylaxis after major orthopaedic surgery, including total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), is regarded as a standard element of the post-surgical care of such patients. A range of agents are available for use as thromboprophylaxis, including low molecular weight heparins, fondaparinux or warfarin. Rivaroxaban—a novel, oral direct Factor Xa inhibitor—was recently assessed as a potential alternative to current prophylactic strategies in phase III clinical trials carried out in the setting of major orthopaedic surgery. Rivaroxaban was compared to enoxaparin both in patients undergoing THA and in patients undergoing TKA. Based on the positive results of these studies, rivaroxaban has recently received marketing approval in the European Union and Canada. Here, we review the clinical database to support the use of this agent after TKA.     

Risk factors and distribution of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in total hip and knee replacements: prospective study

Purpose

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of orthopaedic surgery in the industrialised world; though there may be variability between population groups. This study aims to define the incidence and risk factors for symptomatic VTE following primary elective total hip and knee arthoplasty surgery in a single centre in Eastern Europe.

Methods

This prospective study included 499 adult patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty for symptomatic osteoarthritis over a two-year period at the Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Belgrade.

Results

The overall rate of confirmed symptomatic VTE during hospitalisation was 2.6%. According to the univariate logistic regression, an age greater than 75 years (OR = 3.08; 95%CI = 1.01–9.65), a family history of VTE (OR = 6.61; 95% CI = 1.33–32.90), varicose veins (OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.03–9.48), and ischemic heart disease (OR = 4.93; 95% CI = 1.61–15.09) were significant risk factors for in-hospital VTE. A family history of VTE and ischemic heart disease were independent risk factors according to multivariate regression analysis. Preoperative initiation of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis (p = 0.03) and a longer duration of thromboprophylaxis (p = 0.001) were protective for postoperative DVT. Though thromboprophylaxis was safe, with very few patients suffering major haemorrhage or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, there was a general reluctance by our local surgeons to use prolonged thromboprophylaxis.

Conclusion

VTE is common following hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. Orthopaedic patients with a family history of VTE, heart failure and coronary heart disease are at a considerable risk of thromboembolic complications in the postoperative period. There may be a role for preoperative thromboprophylaxis in addition to prolonged postoperative treatment.