乳腺三阴性非特殊型浸润性癌自动乳腺全容积成像特点

目的 观察乳腺三阴性非特殊型浸润性癌（IC-NST）自动乳腺全容积成像（ABVS）超声特点。方法 回顾性收集经术后病理证实的156例单发IC-NST患者，根据免疫组织化学结果将其分为三阴性（三阴性组）和非三阴性（非三阴性组），对比组间一般资料及ABVS表现。结果 156例中，病变位于左乳76例、右乳80例，三阴性30例（30/156，19.23%）、非三阴性126例（126/156，80.77%）。组间患者年龄、肿瘤体积、淋巴结转移差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；病理组织学分级差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），病灶ABVS冠状面"汇聚征"及后方回声衰减差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05），而微钙化、边缘、形态、方位及Adler血流分级差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 乳腺三阴性IC-NST的ABVS表现有一定特征性，其中乳腺冠状面"汇聚征"及后方回声衰减相比非三阴性IC-NST较为少见。     

乳腺黏液癌与浸润性导管癌的超声特征及其对比研究

通过分析并对比乳腺黏液癌（M BC）和浸润性导管癌（IDC）的临床特点与超声表现,明确黏液癌的特征性超声表现,提高其超声诊断率。回顾性分析2016年1月至2021年6月在山东大学第二医院超声科术前行乳腺超声检查、经手术病理证实的46枚MBC结节及184枚IDC结节,记录患者一般临床资料,依据乳腺影像数据和报告系统（BI-RADS）记录超声特征,进行对比分析。MBC与IDC在一般临床资料方面均无统计学差异（P>0.05）;在超声特征方面,MBC与IDC在病灶位置、形状、边缘、内部结构、回声、后方回声、钙化、亮环征、腋窝淋巴结转移方面均有统计学差异（P<0.05）,其中病灶回声、钙化、后方回声对二者的鉴别最为重要。39.1%MBC和12.5%IDC的超声BI-RADS分类为4a类以下,诊断率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MBC易误诊为良性病变,应充分了解其超声特征,避免误诊和漏诊。混合回声且后方回声增强是MBC特征性表现,各年龄段患者符合该超声表现时,均应警惕MBC可能。     

超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统4类病变的细化分类研究

目的探讨对超声乳腺影像报告及数据系统(BI-RADS-US)4类病灶细化分为4a、4b、4c的方法及意义,以便更客观、准确地评价分析BI-RADS-US 4类病变,提高超声诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析我院2014年1月至2014年8月期间经病理证实的BI-RADS-US 4类乳腺病灶共288个,分别以病灶的形态、纵横比、边缘、钙化、周围组织改变、边界、血流特征、后方回声及内部回声这些超声征象进行细化对比分析,根据这些超声征象将BI-RADS-US 4类病变进一步分为4a、4b、4c,并进行统计学分析。结果 288个BI-RADS-US 4类乳腺病灶中恶性192个,良性96个。良、恶性病变的形态、纵横比、边缘、钙化、周围组织改变、边界间的比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),即恶性病变中以形态不规则、纵横比1、边缘不清晰、微钙化、周围组织有改变、边界不清晰所占比例较高;而血流特征、肿瘤内部回声及后方回声改变间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。根据差异有统计学意义的超声征象进一步细化分类后,4a、4b、4c类病变的恶性肿瘤阳性预测值分别为21.74%、58.90%及91.78%,且差异有统计学意义(χ~2=106.09,P=0.000)。结论对BI-RADS-US 4类乳腺病变进行细化分类诊断,能更准确地对乳腺肿块良、恶性风险进行评估,对诊断和治疗均具有重要临床意义。     

乳腺黏液癌常规超声和超声造影表现

目的观察乳腺黏液癌的常规超声和超声造影(CEUS)表现。方法回顾性分析16例经手术病理确诊的乳腺黏液癌患者(17个病灶),术前均接受常规超声及CEUS检查;以常规超声观察并记录病灶位置、大小、形态、内部回声、钙化、后方回声及血流特点等,CEUS观察病灶增强程度及增强方式等。结果 17个病灶中,常规超声显示16个(16/17, 94.12%)呈低回声、1个为等回声;15个(15/17, 88.24%)形态不规则或呈分叶状,14个(14/17, 82.35%)边界不清或有毛刺;10个(10/17, 58.82%)内部回声不均匀;3个(3/17, 17.65%)内部可见局灶性液化区,9个(9/17, 52.94%)可见砂砾样钙化;11个(11/17, 64.71%)内部可探及血流信号,其中8个可探及动脉频谱。CEUS表现为低增强15个、高增强2个;不均匀增强16个、均匀增强1个;16个病灶内见持续性无增强区;13个结节被膜呈稍高增强、4个无被膜高增强。结论乳腺黏液癌超声表现有一定特征性,对诊断该病具有一定临床价值。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤超声表现及病理特点

目的 观察胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的超声表现及病理特点。方法 回顾性分析37例经术后病理证实的SPTP患者,男7例、女30例,平均年龄(33.6±16.4)岁,观察病灶超声表现及病理特点。结果 37例均为单发病灶,超声呈圆形或类圆形不均质低回声,平均长径(49.43±5.17) mm,平均短径(39.51±4.18) mm;12例位于胰头,位于胰尾11例、胰体10例、胰颈4例;32例边界清,29例形态规则,28例见低或无回声裂隙;26例呈囊实性,21例可见包膜,8例存在钙化;8例见少许点状血流(Adler Ⅰ级),2例见少许条状血流(Adler Ⅱ级),10例边缘有血流(Adler Ⅲ级),17例未见血流(Adler 0级)。3例血清CA199、CA50、CEA及AFP 4项标志物中至少2项高于正常范围,结合超声及病理表现诊断为恶性。大体病理见肿瘤呈类圆形或不规则形,光镜下实性区肿瘤细胞较小且大小一致,排列紧密呈巢片状,细胞核呈圆形或卵圆形,胞质丰富,多数异型性不明显。结论 SPTP超声表现有一定特异性,结合病理表现及血清肿瘤标志物有助于定性诊断。     

原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的影像学表现与病理学特征

目的分析原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的超声、钼靶X线、CT的影像学表现及组织病理学特征。方法回顾性分析40例(47个病灶)原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的临床资料、超声、钼靶X线、CT表现及病理特征。结果 40例中超声检出47个肿块,33个(33/47,70.21%)呈椭圆形或圆形,40个(40/47,85.11%)边界清晰,35个(35/47,74.47%)表现为低回声,31个(31/47,65.96%)后方回声增强,26个(26/47,55.32%)有较丰富血流信号。对21例行钼靶X线检查,于18例中发现21个病灶,11个(11/21,52.38%)边界清楚,14个(14/21,66.67%)形态规则,18个(18/21,85.71%)呈高密度。对7例行CT检查,共检出8个病灶,6个(6/8,75.00%)病灶为等增强或略高增强的规则肿块;所有病灶均无钙化、毛刺征。结论原发性乳腺淋巴瘤影像学表现有一定特点,但仍缺乏特异性,确诊仍要依靠组织病理学及免疫组化。     

乳腺结节的超声声像图表现与病理结果的对比分析

目的通过对比分析乳腺结节的超声图像表现与病理诊断结果 ,以提高超声对乳腺结节的定性诊断。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年12月在本院诊治的198例超声检查提示乳腺结节的患者的临床资料,对比分析超声声像图表现及其病理结果。结果在198例患者中共286个乳腺结节,超声提示乳腺良性结节246个,其中乳腺腺病145个,乳腺腺病伴纤维腺瘤30个,乳腺纤维瘤52个,肉芽肿性乳腺炎9个,导管内乳头状瘤10个;提示恶性结节40个。穿刺活检或手术病理结果为良性结节239个,其中乳腺腺病150个,乳腺腺病伴纤维腺瘤34个,乳腺纤维腺瘤40个,肉芽肿性乳腺炎7个,导管内乳头状瘤8个;恶性结节47个。超声对乳腺良性结节的定性诊断的符合率为97.2%,对恶性结节诊断符合率85.1%。良性乳腺结节超声表现为形态规则,边界清,可有包膜,内部回声较均匀,后方回声无衰减或轻度增强,纵横比多小于1,少见钙化或见粗大钙化,彩色多普勒血流以0～Ⅰ级为主,RI多数小于0.7;恶性结节形态不规则,无包膜,边界不清,边缘呈"毛刺样"或"蟹足样",纵横比≥1,周边可见高回声晕,内部回声不均匀,可见"砂粒样"微小钙化,后方回声衰减较明显,彩色多普勒血流以Ⅱ～Ⅲ级为主,RI多数大于0.7,腋窝可见淋巴结转移。结论超声对乳腺结节的定性诊断与病理诊断具有较高的符合率,能为临床制定治疗方案提供了重要的参考依据。     

对比分析彩色多普勒超声诊断肉芽肿性乳腺炎与乳腺浸润性导管癌

目的对比分析肉芽肿性乳腺炎(GLM)与乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)的超声特点。方法回顾性分析经病理检查证实的26例GLM与28例IDC的超声检查结果,分析其声像图特征。结果 GLM病灶形态多不规则、边界不清晰、血流信号中等或较丰富,与IDC较相似。GLM病灶L/T值明显高于IDC,53.85%(14/26)的GLM病灶后方回声增强,而35.71%(10/28)IDC病灶后方回声衰减,且IDC患者PSV、阻力指数值及腋窝淋巴结肿大发生率均明显高于GLM。本组26例GLM中,术前超声仅诊断4例为炎症,28例IDC术前超声检查均诊断为恶性肿瘤。结论 GLM与IDC的声像学表现既有相似之处,同时亦各具特征,详细检查、综合分析有助于提高术前诊断的准确率。     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨二维与彩色血流频谱多普勒超声对乳腺癌诊断的实用价值。方法对手术病理证实的47例乳腺癌的灰阶超声及彩色多普勒超声表现进行了分析。分析内容包括边缘形态、内部钙化、后方回声、周围组织情况等方面。结果二维高频超声对乳腺癌的阳性诊断符合率为89．4％，彩色血流显示率为83．0％。典型乳腺癌的声像特征：外形不规则、周围高回声环、纵横径比值〉0．77、砂粒样钙化、后方回声衰减等，但小乳癌无上述特征。结论二维与彩色血流频谱多普勒超声对乳腺癌有较高的诊断价值，但仍有局限性。     

乳腺导管原位癌的超声特征

目的探讨乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的超声表现特征。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的54例乳腺DCIS的超声表现,包括病灶形态、大小、边缘、边界、内部回声、后方回声、微钙化、导管改变及血供,并与病理结果进行对比。结果54例均经术后病理证实为乳腺DCIS,其中高级别34例,中级别13例,低级别7例;5例伴微浸润灶,均未见腋窝淋巴结转移。声像图表现为片状低回声型20例(20/51,39.22%)、结节状肿块型17例(17/51,33.33%)、导管扩张型8例(8/51,15.69%)、单纯微钙化型6例(6/51,11.76%),3例假阴性,检出率94.44%(51/54)。超声正确诊断44例,准确率81.48%(44/54)。结论乳腺DCIS超声表现具有一定特征性;正确认识其超声征象能有效提高诊断符合率。     

乳腺大汗腺癌1例报告并文献复习

<正>病人女性,57岁。因"发现右乳肿物1个月"于2009?08?13入院。查体:右乳腺无破溃及橘皮征,右乳头无偏斜、凹陷;右乳外上象限10点钟距乳头3cm处可触及1.5cm×1.2cm肿物,边界不清,表面不光滑,肿物质地偏硬,无压     

Secretory carcinoma of the breast in a Japanese woman

We report a case of secretory carcinoma of the breast in a 33 year old woman. Secretory carcinoma is a rare tumor and has distinctive pathological characteristics. This tumor usually occurs in children or adolescents. Modified radical mastectomy was carried out and the patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence at 25 months later. Negative findings were obtained in the assay of estrogen and progesterone receptor.     

乳腺导管原位癌诊治新进展

乳腺导管原位癌(ductal caminoma in situ,DCIS)是乳腺导管系统恶性卜皮细胞增生.因肿瘤小,临床上较难触及肿物,早期不易确诊.随着新技术和新方法在乳腺肿瘤普查中的广泛应用,DCIs的检出逐渐增多,传统的治疗方法也有了相应的改进.     

Breast Intracystic Papillary Carcinoma: An Update

Abstract:  Intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC), a breast tumor mainly occuring in the elderly, has long been considered as a variant of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This is now debated since metastatic cases have been reported. In this study, surgical pieces of 20 IPCs were reassessed, and markers of myopepithelial layer (p63, CD10 and Smooth Muscle Actin) as well as estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) and C-erb-B2 oncoprotein expression were systematically performed and quantified. In 10 cases, an associated unequivocal invasive component was found. In all 20 cases, no myoepithelial layer was found. Eighteen tumors were ER positive, 14 were PgR positive. Moreover, none of the tumors over-expressed C-erb-B2 oncoprotein. Therefore this study showed that in all cases of IPC there were microscopic features of invasive carcinoma despite good clinical prognostic indicators, and that precise characterization of tumors requires extensive paraffin embedding of surgical pieces.     

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast,an uncommon diagnosis with poor prognosis—Lessons learned from a 12-year analysis of the National Cancer Database

We compared the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma (ASQ) of the breast with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), utilizing the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2015. 1 932 688 female patients had invasive breast carcinoma; 1 421 250 had IDC (73.5%); and 453 had ASQ (0.0002%). When compared to IDC, ASQ patients were significantly (P < .05) older and had grade 1 tumors; negative lymph nodes; ER/PR/HER2-negative tumors; and worse 5-year overall survival (64.9% vs 74%, respectively). Our study, largest to date on ASQ, revealed an aggressive carcinoma with a significantly worse prognosis than IDC. “Personalized medicine” treatment approach for patients with this uncommon carcinoma is needed.     

Case report and literature review: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast an unusual presentation

Introduction

Invasive lobular carcinoma is the second most common type of invasive breast carcinoma (between 5% and 15%). The incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma has been increasing while the incidence of invasive duct carcinoma has not changed in the last two decades. This increase is postulated to be secondary to an increased use of combined replacement hormonal therapy. Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma tend to be slightly older than those with non-lobular invasive carcinoma with a reported mean age of 57 years compared to 64 years. On mammography, architectural distortion is more common and microcalcifications less common with invasive lobular carcinoma than invasive ductal carcinoma. The incidence of extrahepatic gastrointestinal (GI) tract metastases observed in autopsy studies varies in the literature from 6% to 18% with the most commonly affected organ being the stomach, followed by colon and rectum. Gastric lesions seem to be slightly more frequent, compared to colorectal lesions (6–18% compared to 8–12%, respectively).

Presentation of case

We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who was referred to our institution with a concurrent gastric and rectal cancer that on further evaluation was diagnosed as metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. She has a stage IV clinical T3N1M1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER positive at 250, PR negative, HER-2/neu 1+ negative) with biopsy proven metastases to left axillary lymph nodes, gastric mucosa, peritoneum, rectal mass, and bone who presented with a partial large bowel obstruction. She is currently being treated with weekly intravenous paclitaxel, bevacizumab that was added after her third cycle, and she is also receiving monthly zoledronic acid. She is currently undergoing her 12-month of treatment and is tolerating it well.Discussion Breast cancer is the most common site-specific cancer in women and is the leading cause of death from cancer for women aged 20–59 years. It accounts for 26% of all newly diagnosed cancers in females and is responsible for 15% of the cancer-related deaths in women.⁹ Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that metastasize to the GI tract, along with melanoma, ovarian and bladder cancer.

Conclusion

We present one of the first reports of metastatic lobular breast cancer presenting as a synchronous rectal and gastric tumors. Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity with a wide range of clinical presentations. A high level of suspicion, repetition of endoscopic procedures, and a detailed pathological analysis is necessary for early diagnosis, which might help to avoid surgical treatment due to incorrect diagnosis. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new gastrointestinal lesions should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis. Differentiating between a primary GI lesion and metastatic breast cancer will allow initiation of appropriate treatment and help prevent unnecessary operations.     

乳癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的微波治疗

采用微波烘绑疗法治疗肢体淋巴水肿已有报道，但对乳癌根治术后所致的治疗效果报道甚少。对６４例患者采用微波治疗，每天微波照射１小时，２０天为一个疗程治疗，经过二个疗程治疗。治疗后随访１个月～２年。结果显示：症状明显消退，患侧肢体的水肿消退明显，经统计学分析有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；“丹毒”样发作的频率较治疗前明显减少，也有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；患肢的弹性得到恢复。无一例出现治疗后并发症。认为，对乳癌根治术后引起的上肢淋巴水肿，采用微波治疗，可获得较好效果，是保守治疗淋巴水肿的有效方法。     

Apocrine carcinoma of the breast —A case report

A case of apocrine carcinoma of the breast is reported herein. Apocrine carcinoma is a rare tumor characteristically composed of large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. This case involves a 34-year old woman who underwent a modified radical mastectomy and is now doing well with no evidence of recurrence, 10 months after her surgery.     

乳腺癌保乳治疗的进展

保留乳房手术因减少手术创伤及其特有的美容效果而倍受推崇,近年来保留乳房手术在认识和水平上得到了较大提高。本文就保乳术治疗乳腺癌的适应证、手术相关问题及局部复发研究的最新进展作一综述。     

Primary sebaceous carcinoma of the male breast: Case report and review of literature

Primary sebaceous carcinoma of the breast is an exceedingly uncommon neoplasm that is defined as primary invasive carcinoma of the breast with sebaceous differentiation in more than 50% of cells. All confirmed cases have been reported in women. Herein, we report the case of a 70‐year‐old man with a primary sebaceous breast carcinoma, the first unequivocal case to be reported thus far in a man.