沙门氏菌食物中毒菌株的质粒图谱及耐药谱分析

本文对１９９１～１９９３年成都及南充地区食物中毒分离的５０株沙门氏菌进行了质粒图谱及耐药谱分析。质粒检出率为７０％，其中２８株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的质粒检出率为９２．８％，可分为１４个质粒图谱型别，质粒分子量的变化范围在１．６～１８０．４６Ｍｄ。暴发流行菌株具有相同的质粒图谱，而散发菌株的质粒图谱型较为分散。所有菌株均是耐药菌株，且以多重耐药菌株为主，耐四种药的菌株占５４％，最多达耐１０种药。５０株菌对新霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素均敏感。未发现某种或某几种耐药性与某种质粒型别呈明显的一一对应关系。     

沙门氏菌属

俭出率为92.86%.可分一为14个质粒图谱型别.质粒分子量的变化范围在1.60一180.杨Md。暴发流行菌株具有甩同的质粒谱型.而散发菌株的质粒谱型较为分散。c群沙门氏菌株质粒检出率只有26.67%。‘气韦俊超)2935沙门氏菌肠毒素的检测〔综述〕/陈太基(苏州医学院微生物教研室)//国外医学流行病学传染病学分册/浙江省医学情报研究所一19洲.21(2).一83~87 沙门氏菌是一种重要的人兽共患疾病的病原菌.长期来已知其致病因素主要为侵袭力和内毒素。近年来.沙门氏菌尤其是鼠伤寒沙门氏菌产生肠毒素的问题日益受到人们的关注。本文综述了检测沙门氏菌肠…     

淋球菌耐药现状与耐药质粒的研究

为了解湛江地区淋球菌耐药现状及耐药质粒的分布, 并初步探讨其相互关系。对1998～1999年广东省湛江地区分 离鉴定出的98株淋球菌流行株,应用纸片扩散法测定细菌对 10种抗生素的敏感性,并采用碱裂解法进行质粒抽提,分析耐 药质粒的分布情况。结果6.12％菌株对全部抗生素敏感, 48.96％的菌株对3种及3种以上的抗生素耐药;共检出4种 不同分子量的质粒,7.4kb和4.2kb质粒检出率较高,分别为 59.16％和67.32％,质粒谱型12种,以7.4kb+4.2kb和 39.5kb+7.4kb+4.2kb为主,占38.76％。结果提示湛江地区 淋球菌耐药情况严重,多重耐药现象普遍,耐药质粒为7.4kb “亚洲型”质粒,检出率为59.16％,其与耐药性的关系尚有待 进一步探讨。     

痢疾杆菌耐药情况与质粒谱分析研究

目的 了解红河地区痢疾杆菌耐药及质粒谱分布情况。方法 对分离自医院的66株痢疾杆菌流行株应用纸片扩散法测定细菌对13种抗生素敏感性，并采用Kado法进行质粒抽提。结果 红河地区痢疾杆菌耐药情况严重（100％），多重耐药普遍（95．45％），耐药谱型分散，计有36种耐药谱型；共检出8种不同分子量的质粒，350Md和120Md单质粒检出率较高，分别为42．42％和45．45％；质粒谱型有12种，但以350Md和120Md单质粒谱型为主，合计占68．18％。结论 将耐药谱型与质粒谱型进行比较，具有相同质粒谱型的菌株，其耐药谱型可相同，亦可不同，两关系有待进一步探讨。结合献报道，估计120Md是痢疾菌毒力质粒，并推测350Md是否为本地区的R质粒。     

辽宁痢疾杆菌耐药性及质粒谱的初步调查

本文报导了1987年辽宁地区从患者分离的162株痢疾杆菌的耐药、R质粒的检测结果,痢疾多重耐药菌株占70.43％,耐药谱主要为TET、COS、AMP、CAR;结合转移法可传递性R质粒检出率为45.65％,琼脂糖电泳法痢疾耐药菌株质粒携带率为80.82％。推测分子量为140Md和65Md两种质粒为辽宁地区痢疾耐药菌株的流行质粒。     

应用耐药谱,质粒谱和噬菌体分型分析医院内鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感…

１９８８年鞍山市中心医院及鞍钢铁东医院婴儿室、新生儿室同时发生了一起急性腹泻暴发。经流行病学调查，病原菌分离确定为一起鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的院内感染暴发，对从患儿粪便、病房外环境中分离出的４５株菌进行血清学、耐药性，质粒图谱和噬菌体分型测定，并以同年散发菌株为对照，发现此次暴发菌株抗原结构完全相同，对常用抗生素耐药，耐药谱基本一致，具有相同的质粒谱，噬菌体分型６０．４２％属４７７４型，与散发菌株有明     

成都地区淋病奈瑟菌质粒谱分析研究

应用碱裂解加溶菌酶法对本地区１９９６ 年分离鉴定的１５５ 株标本进行了质粒抽提及质粒谱分型研究。结果表明：５种不同分子量的质粒分别被检出,其中分子量为５３４６ 和３９５ｋｂ 两种质粒检出率较高,分别为９６１３ ％ 和９０３２ ％ 。质粒谱型共１０ 种,主要以２１ｋｂ ＋ ５３ｋｂ ＋ ３９５ｋｂ 和２１ｋｂ ＋４２ｋｂ＋ ５３ｋｂ ＋ ７４ｋｂ ＋ ３９５ｋｂ 为主,占６３５８ ％ （９６／１５１） 。并将耐药谱型与质粒谱型进行了比较,具有相同质粒谱型的菌株,其耐药谱型可相同亦可不同。并地淋病奈瑟菌质粒抽提方法进行了探讨,摸索出了一种快速质粒检测的简便方法。     

福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病原学特征变迁趋势

目的：了解福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的病原学特征变迁情况。方法：采用噬菌体分型、质粒谱分析及耐药性测定的方法,对福建省１９８０～１９９５年１５年鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的病原学特征进行动态监测。结果：福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的噬菌体流行型别存在明显的变迁与更迭;质粒谱型有逐渐增多且分散趋势;菌株耐药率逐年大幅度上升,耐药谱逐年迅速增宽,多重耐药菌株逐年急剧增多,耐药现象日趋严重。结论：噬菌体分型、质粒谱分析及耐药性测定是监测福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病原学特征变迁趋势的有效方法。     

1996年成都地区淋病奈瑟菌质粒谱分析研究

为了解本地区淋病奈瑟菌质粒携带及质粒谱型分布情况，应用碱裂解加溶菌酶法对本地区１９９６年分离鉴定的１５５株标本进行了质粒抽提及质粒谱分型研究。研究结果表明：五种不同分子量的质粒分别被检出。其中分子量为５．３ｋｂ和３９．５ｋｂ两种质粒检出率较高，分别为９６．１３％和９０．３２％。质粒谱型共１０种，主要以２．１ｋｂ＋５．３ｋｂ＋３９．５ｋｂ和２．１ｋｇ＋４．２ｋｂ＋５．３ｋｂ＋７．４ｋｂ＋３９．５ｋｂ为主，占６３．５８％。并将耐药谱与质粒谱进行了比较，具有相同质粒谱型的菌株，其耐药谱型可相同亦可不同。本文还对淋病奈瑟菌质粒抽提方法进行了改进，摸索出了一种快速质粒检测的简便方法。     

应用耐药谱、质粒谱和噬菌体分型分析医院内鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的暴发

１９８８年３月鞍山市中心医院及鞍钢铁东医院婴儿室、新生儿室同时发生了一起急性腹泻暴发．经流行病学调查、病原菌分离确定为一起鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的院内感染暴发。对从患儿粪便、病房外环境中分离出的４５株菌进行血清学、耐药性、质粒图谱和噬菌体分型测定，并以同年散发菌株为对照，发现此次暴发菌株抗原结构完全相同，对常用抗生素耐药，耐药谱基本一致。具有相同的质粒谱，噬菌体分型６０．４２％属４７７４型，与散发菌株有明显差别．分析结果表明，两所医院分离菌株具有同源性，传播途径为院内交叉感染．     

菌痢暴发的分子流行病学分析

分析１９９２、１９９４年广州、江门两地菌痢暴发期间分离的８４株福氏２ａ志贺氏菌（广州暴发株３０株、散发株２８株、江门暴发株１２株、病例接触者分离株１４株）的质粒图谱及质粒ＤＮＡ限制性酶切图谱特征。结果表明：发生于不同地点、不同时间且传染来源不相同的两起菌痢暴发，由福氏２ａ志贺氏菌的同一克隆引起，该克隆可能是广东地区福氏２ａ志贺氏菌的优势克隆。江门菌痢暴发期间，自密切接触者分离的同型菌株分属３个不同的克隆，提示部分病例接触者感染的福氏２ａ志贺氏菌并非来自病例。比较表型分析（生化反应、血清学分型）与质粒分析，证实表型分析难以鉴别来源不同的同型克隆，而质粒分析提供了简便、敏感、特异鉴定不同来源同型克隆的有效手段。     

A longitudinal study of Staphylococcus hyicus colonization of vagina of gilts and transmission to piglets.

High Staphylococcus hyicus colonization rates were found in vaginal samples of healthy breeding sows and in skin samples of their offspring. Twenty-two different phage types were identified among the 720 isolates of S. hyicus examined. Two to 13 different phage types were isolated per herd. Phage typing, as well as characterization of about 10% of the isolates by plasmid profiles and antibiogram patterns, showed that, several different clones of S. hyicus could be present simultaneously in vagina of gilts and also on skin of piglets. Generally isolates from the vagina of one animal were identical as regards to phage types, plasmid profiles, and antibiogram patterns during the entire investigation period. Isolates from the skin of piglets were of the same type as their mothers, indicating that vertical transmission had taken place. S. hyicus strains isolated from the skin of piglets within 24 h after birth were identical to strains isolated 3 weeks after birth from the same litter, indicating that the vaginal strains became part of a stable skin flora.     

Plasmid profiles of legionella pneumophila strains isolated in Spain

An assay for plasmid DNA content was carried out in 100 strains of Legionella pneumophila of distinct serogroups and isolated from various sources (clinical, environment). The strains were isolated from different geographic regions in our country. The presence of plasmids was proved in one of the 11 clinical isolates and in 68 of the 89 isolated of environmental origin studied. In the strains belonging to serogroup 1 and isolated in our region (Cantabria), three plasmid profiles were observed, whereas in strains of the same serogroup from other geographic regions, two profiles were shown which exhibited differences compared to the former ones. Analysis by means of restriction endonucleases suggested that plasmids of similar size in serogroup 1 strains of different source, were related. The results obtained do not appear to reveal any correlation between plasmid profile and source of isolation or serogroup.Corresponding author.     

Use of AFLP,plasmid typing and phenotyping in a comparative study to assess genetic diversity of Shigella flexneri strains

Shigella flexneri infections are one of the main causes of acute diarrhoea in Cuba. Twenty strains isolated from sporadic cases in nine different Cuban provinces were characterized. Serotyping, antibiotic-resistance typing, plasmid-typing and AFLP-typing were used to determine their suitability for use in epidemiological studies of S. flexneri. The predominant serotypes were serotype 6 (35%) and serotype 2 (35%). Eleven different plasmid profiles were detected (Diversity Index = 0.92). AFLP-typing discriminated 12 different patterns (DI = 0.95), these patterns were not coincident with plasmid-typing patterns. Both techniques combined distinguished 14 patterns among the 20 studied strains (DI = 0.99). There was no consistent relationship between plasmid-typing and AFLP-typing patterns or antibiotic-resistance typing patterns. Ninety-five percent of S. flexneri strains were multiresistant.     

质粒谱分析用于痢疾流行病学调查的初步探讨

本文报道了1985年从北京市的海淀区和密云县以及浙江省湖州地区分离到的134株痢疾杆菌进行质粒谱分析的结果,发现在每一菌群的痢疾杆菌内均有许多不同的质粒谱,推测在当地痢疾的流行可能是由许多在遗传学上不同的痢疾杆菌引起的;而且质粒谱的数量一般超过耐药谱数,说明前者能比后者鉴别更多的菌株。同时又发现,在同一地区内在爆发流行的短时期(一个月)内分离到的痢疾杆菌中,尽管耐药谱不同,部分菌株可呈现为相同的质粒谱。所以,质粒谱分析有可能做为痢疾流行病学调查工具之一,用于鉴别菌株、鉴定传染源、追踪耐药性质粒或评价防治效果。     

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the pMJ101-like plasmid and ribotyping in the fish pathogen Vibrio ordalii.

A total of 32 Vibrio ordalii strains were studied for their plasmid content and shown to carry a plasmid of approximately 32 kb. This plasmid was subsequently subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies. Using Hind III, three different restriction patterns were identified while BamH I cleaved the plasmid into a single linear fragment. The results suggest that the 32 kb plasmid is highly conserved but that some variation in restriction pattern occurs. The same set of strains was subjected to ribotyping. Using Mlu I, six different restriction patterns were demonstrated. Strains from the USA and Canada shared profiles with strains from Australia and Japan. Strains from Australia generated a single pattern whereas strains from North America were subdivided into three patterns, and the Japanese strains fell into five patterns. The results suggest that ribotyping in combination with RFLP studies of the pMJ101-like plasmid may be useful in epidemiological studies of V. ordalii.     

深圳地区环境中创伤弧菌携带质粒分析及多位点序列遗传分型

目的 了解2010-2013年深圳市南山区环境中不同样品中分离的创伤弧菌质粒携带情况及基因的遗传多样性。 方法 采用聚合酶链反应技术检测深圳市南山区环境样品中创伤弧菌的6种质粒基因:seq25、seq51、TraI、TraI2、TraD及Vep07。采用多位点序列分子分型方法进行分子分型及聚类分析。 结果 50株创伤弧菌中,43株菌(43/50,86%)携带质粒,形成19种质粒图谱:20株(20/50,40%)同时存在毒力与结合质粒,13株(13/50,26%)仅存在毒力质粒,2株(2/50,4%)仅存在结合质粒。多位点序列分型方法将50株创伤弧菌,分为43个ST型。 结论 质粒广泛存在于深圳市南山区环境样品分离的创伤弧菌中,不同类型样本分离菌株携带质粒存在差异且具有遗传多样性。     

医院感染中大肠埃希菌耐药质粒的同源性分析

目的了解不同医院不同科室大肠埃希菌耐药质粒流行状况，分析菌株间的同源性，为控制院内感染流行提供依据。方法采用药敏分析、质粒消除实验、质粒图谱及限制性内切酶图谱等技术对医院感染大肠埃希菌耐药质粒进行同源性分析。结果从2家省级医院不同科室196份标本中分离到E．coli25株，分离率为12．8％。检出菌对抗生素的耐药率为76．0％，有28．0％的菌株仅耐1种药，对3种及3种以上抗生素耐药的有32．0％。在25株分离菌中19株检出质粒，检出率为76．0％。所有菌株均有24．8kb质粒，提示该质粒是医院致病性大肠埃希菌的流行质粒。对13株携带质粒的耐药大肠埃希菌进行质粒消除，除1株菌的耐药性始终未变化外，其余12株的耐药性有不同程度地改变，其中7株耐药性全部消失，5株仅有部分改变。大小相同的耐药质粒经EcoRI酶切后发现同一科室菌株的耐药质粒有相同的DNA片段，不同科室菌株间也有相似的酶切图谱。结论医院病房存在流行耐药质粒，不同科室有不同的质粒流行。各科室菌株间有一定的同源性。