Antenatal effects of ethanol and limontar on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system in the brain and liver of rat progeny

In contrast to short-term exposure, prolonged exposure to ethanol in the anternatal period is found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver of rats. Activation of the system of antioxidant defense in the brain and liver is observed after both short-and long-term exposure to ethanol. After short-term ethanol exposure, limontar normalizes lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noii Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 41–44, January, 1994 Presented by M. Ya. Studenikin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Opiatergic mechanisms of the cardiotropic effect of acute cooling

Changes in myocardial contractility after an acute cold exposure following intracerebroventricular administration of opiate receptor agonists were studied in rat hearts isolated after Langendorff. Cold exposures were carried out individually for each animal in chambers at −10°C for 4 h. Thirty min before being exposed to cold the animals were administered in a brain ventricle 10 μl of μ- or δ-opiate receptor agonists (DAGO or DADLE, respectively). Isolation and perfusion of the hearts were performed directly after the cold exposure was over. The mechanism of reduction of myocardial contractility and coronary flow induced by an acute cold exposure is believed to include stimulation of μ-opiate receptors as one of its main components, and the effect of intracerebral hypertension on hemodynamic parameters is partially mediated through activation of δ-opiate receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 582–584, December, 1994 Presented by R. S. Karpov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of electromagnetic fields on experimental developmental abnormalities in amphibians

Electromagnetic fields are shown not to reduce the viability of amphibian embryos for either a short-term or a long-term exposure. The number of abnormal embryos drops under the influence of electromagnetic fields (a 3-h exposure being the most effective). An increased tempo of embryo development is observed for all times of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 182–185, February, 1993 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of some lectins on the cholinergic structures of the frog heart

The effect of lectins (phytohemagglutinin — PHA, concanavalin A — ConA,Pisum sativum lectin — PSL,Ricinus communis lectin — RCL, and pokeweed mitogen — PWM) on the cardiac cholinoceptors is studied in experiments on isolated hearts of maleRana temporaria frogs. The test lectins in concentrations from 10⁻²³ to 10⁻³ are shown to exhibit cholinomimetic properties. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 252–255, September, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Responses of the arterial and venous vessels of the skeletal muscle to norepinephrine following damage to their endothelium

The functional activity of vascular endothelium in a muscle preparation from the feline gastrocnemius is impaired with ethanol, which results in an increase of an adrenergic responsiveness of the arterial compartment of the vascular bed. The exchange function of the microvessels changes little. Veins exhibit nonuniform changes in their responsiveness after exposure of their endotheliocytes to ethanol. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 315–318, September, 1994     

Genetic basis of adenylatecyclase regulation of testosterone production of Leydig's cells in laboratory mice

The function of Leydig's cells during stimulation of various components of the adenylatecyclase system was studied in inbred mice of various lines. Mice of different lines were found to differ markedly in their production of testosterone during stimulation of a crude Leydig's cell suspension with ascending concentrations of chorionic gonadotropin, cholera toxin, forskolin, and dibutyryl-cAMP. The ranking of the lines according to the maximal production of testosterone was virtually the same during exposure to steroidogenesis activators. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 177–179, August, 1994 Presented by L. E. Panin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of the organophosphorus compound anthio on the pulmonary and systemic circulation of non-narcotized cats

Experiments on cats demonstrate the capacity of alert animals to compensate for disorders in pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics caused by organophosphorus compounds. Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance completely normalize on day 3 after exposure. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary blood pressure remain negligibly increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 276–279, March, 1995 Presented by N. A. Agadzhanyan, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Impact of twelve-day combined exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and physical exercise on structural and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats

This study, in which rats were exposed on 12 successive days to hypoxia in combination with exercise on a treadmill, showed that a reduction in partial oxygen pressure leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the structural component of vascular resistance rather than to improvement in the system of oxygen utilization, and that such combined exposure may cause alterations in protein synthesis and result in early stimulation of capillary growth in muscles, as well as elicit differential changes of enzyme activity in different types of muscle fibers. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 602–605, June, 1995 Presented by A. I. Grigor'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Fibronectin as a compensating factor in the natural cytotoxicity system in interferon-dependent immunodeficiency

The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells (NK) against³H-uridine-labeled target cells (TC, human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562) and the intensity of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system in the presence of γ-interferon, C-reactive protein, and human fibronectin are studiedin vitro in 14 patients with multiple sclerosis. It is shown that γ-interferon and C-reactive protein decrease the cytotoxic activity of NK with a simultaneous stimulation of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system. The correlation between the studied parameters becomes weaker. Human fibronectin induces collateral changes in the activity of NK and in the number of effector:target conjugates formed in the natural cytotoxicity reaction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 67–70, July, 1994     

State of ovarian function in experimental hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia

The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia on histophysiological processes in the female reproductive system is studied. Thyroid hormones and thyrotropin are found to exhibit a pronounced modulatory effect on morphogenetic processes in the female gonad. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 422–424, October, 1995     

Effect of catalin on radical production in aqueous solutions and cross-linking in deoxyribonucleoprotein complex

The effect of catalin on cross-linking in the DNA-protein system is studied after illumination with visible and UV light. Catalin is shown to stimulate this process. The use of a hydroxylamine trap reveals that catalin (10–100 μM) induces the accumulation of free radicals in aqueous solutions as soon as 10 minutes after irradiation. A considerable amount of O ₂ ^- is fixed in the medium during illumination of catalin aqueous solution. Superoxide dismutase added to the incubation medium considerably reduced the number of recorded radicals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 142–144, August, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995     

Antiulcerogenic effects of benzylpenicillin in acutely stressed rats

The antibiotic benzylpenicillin was found to produce dose-dependent antiulcerogenic effects in rats when administered immediately before their exposure to acute stress (swimming for 1 h) that led to gastric mucosal ulceration. Such effects were not observed in rats given benzylpenicillin 48 h before stress exposure. The results of this study suggest that in acutely stressed animals benzylpenicillin may activate as yet unidentified mechanisms which afford protection to the gastric mucosa and which are not associated with the longer-lasting antimicrobial effects of this antibiotic. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 131–133, August, 1994     

Interaction of selected pregna-D'-pentaranes with cytosolic receptors of myometrium and endometrium in various disease states

The relative capacities of several pregna-D'-pentaranes to combine with cytosolic receptors of the myometrium and endometrium in various disease states are investigated, and one of the compounds, 6α-methyl-16α, 17α-cyclohexanoprogesterone, is identified as holding particular promise for clinical use in replacement therapy and as a contraceptive agent. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 163–165, February, 1995     

On the involvement of endogenous μ- and δ-opiate receptor agonists in the antiarrhythmic effect of adaptation

Rats adapted to stress showed a decreased severity and incidence of cardiac arrhythmias induced by epinephrine, and these effects of adaptation were abolished by naloxone. It is suggested that stress adaptation mitigates arrhythmia by activating the endogenous opioid system and stimulating the μ-opiate receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 24–25, January, 1996 Presented by R. S. Karpov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Adaptation to hypoxia stimulates the pancreatic islet apparatus in intact and diabetic rats

Using immunocytochemical and immunoradiometric assays, it is found that intermittent exposure to hypoxia stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion by pancreatic beta cells and activatesde novo formation of these cells in the acinar tissue of both intact rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, as well as inhibiting the destruction of Langerhans islets in the latter animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12 pp. 565–567, December, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Some cytochemical peculiarities of the rat brain motor system after space flight

The results of cytochemical cytometry of rat brain suggest that a 9-day exposure of rats to microgravitation conditions lowers the activity of monoaminoxidase in the fibrous structures of layer V of the somatosensory cortex and in the head ofnucleus caudatus, as well as the activity of acetylcholine esterase in the bodies of neurons forming the head ofn. caudatus. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 288–290, March, 1995 Presented by the late O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Epithelium-dependent regulation of smooth muscle contractility of the airways

The contribution of calmodulin and protein kinase C to the regulation of epithelial relaxing factor production by the tracheal epithelium and the role of adenylate and guanylate cyclase in the realization of the effect of this factor on airway smooth muscles are studied by the mechanographic method with cascade perfusion. Calmodulin and protein kinase C are shown to participate in the production of relaxing factor by epitheliocytes, guanylate cyclase being the principal target in exposure of smooth muscles to epithelial relaxing factor. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 283–285, March, 1995     

Multiple modifications of low-density lipoproteins in the blood of patients with atherosclerosis

Atherogenic low-density proteins (LDL) found in human blood — desialylated, electronegative, and small dense LDL — share many chemical and physical characteristics and appear to represent the same subfraction of multiply modified lipoproteins. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 118–121, August, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Radioprotective action of lymphokinin,a composite preparation of cytokines

Lymphokinin injected into mice in a dose of 25,000 U/kg intraperitoneally before or after their single irradiation producing acute radiation sickness is found to prolong their survival. The optimal time for administering Lymphokinin depends on the radiation dose. Its survival-prolonging effect is most marked when it is injected 1 h or 24 h before or 23 h after exposure to a dose of 6.0 Gy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 38–40, July, 1994 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences