High-Density Lipoprotein has Different Binding Capacity for Different Apoproteins

Purified human amyloid protein A (AA) or serum amyloid protein A (SAA) was incubated with normal human high-density lipoprotein (HDL). After ultracentrifugation the amount of AA or SAA associated with HDL was measured. It was found that the binding capacity of HDL for SAA was higher than that for AA. Incubation of these in vitro associated HDL-AA and HDL-SAA complexes with purified apo AI or apo AII resulted in varying degrees of displacement of the associated AA or SAA from HDL. Under the experimental conditions used, apo AI was able to displace AA from HDL, while apo AII was able to displace both SAA and AA. This indicates that the binding capacity of HDL is different for SAA and AA. Mouse acute-phase HDL was isolated and the native complexes were incubated with human apo AII. SAA2, the amyloidogenic SAA variant in mice, was displaced from HDL to a greater extent than SAA1, indicating a lower binding capacity for the amyloidogenic SAA variant for the HDL complexes.     

Different Location of Triaxial Accelerometer and Different Energy Expenditures

Purpose

We performed a study to determine the best appropriate wearing site of a triaxial accelerometer at different exercise speeds.

Materials and Methods

We conducted an observational study with 66 healthy Korean adults (26 men and 40 women). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) before exercise, physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE) by cardiorespiratory gas analyzer and Signal Vector Magnitude (SVM) were measured while wearing four triaxial accelerometers on four different sites (wrist, waist, upper arm, and ankle) at exercise speeds from 2-10 km/h.

Results

The mean RMR was 4.03 mL/kg/min and Actual METs (oxygen consumption at different exercise speeds divided by individual RMR) compared with the calculated METs (oxygen consumption divided by 3.5 mL/kg/min) showed relatively low value. The overall correlation between PAEE and SVM was highest when the accelerometer was worn on the wrist at low exercise speed (r=0.751, p<0.001), waist at a moderate speed (r=0.821, p<0.001), and ankle at a high speed (r=0.559, p<0.001). Using regression analysis, it was shown that the ankle at a low speed (R2=0.564, p<0.001), high speed (R²=0.559, p<0.001), and the waist at a moderate speed (R²=0.821, p<0.001) were the best appropriate sites.

Conclusion

When measuring the PAEE and SVM at different exercise speeds, the ankle in low and high exercise speed, and waist in moderate speed are the most appropriate sites for an accelerometer.     

Different localization of thrombomodulin

Thrombomodulin (TM) is the endothelial cofactor of the anticoagulant protein C system. The distribution of TM in the organism was studied in the rabbit using a goat anti TM, affinity-purified antibody and a peroxidase-labelled antigoat immunoglobulin. TM antigen was found on the endothelial surface of all blood vessels: capillaries, arteries and veins. The reaction was specific: connective tissue, smooth and striated muscle bone, cartilage, nerve tissue, secretary epithelia and all parenchyma studied were not strained. Moreover TM antigen was present on the surface of serosa: peritoneum, pericardium and pleura as well as on synovial membranes and on arachnoid, all along the central nervous system. It was absent from pia and dura mater. The antigen was found only after formalin fixation on the vessels and body cavities surface on which it lies. This observation shows that the antigen is easily detached from these surfaces and suggest a possible mobility of this endothelial molecule for which it lies. This observation shows that the antigen is easily detached from these surfaces and suggest a possible mobility of this endothelial molecule for which production and function sites might differ.     

Cold Modalities With Different Thermodynamic Properties Produce Different Surface and Intramuscular Temperatures

OBJECTIVE: To compare surface cooling and deep cooling produced by 3 common forms of cryotherapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: We used a 3 x 4 x 4 factorial with repeated measures on measurement depth and treatment. Independent variables were measurement depth (surface, fat + 1 cm, and fat + 2 cm), treatment (ice bag, Wet-Ice, Flex-i-Cold, and control), and treatment order (first, second, third, and fourth). The lowest temperature recorded was the dependent variable. The treatment order was counterbalanced using a Latin square. Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. SUBJECTS: Fifteen collegiate volunteers who were free of lower extremity abnormalities. MEASUREMENTS: Thigh skin and thigh intramuscular temperatures (1- and 2-cm subadipose) were measured at 30-second intervals both before and during the 30-minute treatments using fine-wire implantable and surface thermocouples. The coldest recorded temperatures were analyzed. RESULTS: Statistical differences were observed for the depth-by-treatment interaction as well as for the depth and treatment main effects. During cold treatments, superficial depths were colder than deeper depths, and all cold treatments were colder than controls at all depths. For the interaction effect at both the skin surface and at 1-cm subadipose, the ice-bag and Wet-Ice treatments were colder than the Flex-i-Cold treatment. For the interaction at 2-cm subadipose, the cold treatments did not differ from each other. Order of treatments did not produce a significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: During a 30-minute cryotherapy treatment, modalities that undergo a phase change caused lower skin and 1-cm intramuscular temperatures than cold modalities that do not possess these properties. These differences were not seen at 2-cm subadipose but may become apparent with longer treatments.     

广州管圆线虫对不同宿主感染性的比较研究

目的比较广州管圆线虫在褐云玛瑙螺和福寿螺螺体内的发育情况及对BALB／c小鼠和昆明鼠的毒力,寻找适宜的实验室易感宿主。方法连续7d分别用感染大鼠的粪便喂食福寿螺和褐云玛瑙螺．1个月后解剖感染螺,观察螺体内广州管圆线虫幼虫的发育情况及虫数;从褐云玛瑙螺和福寿螺分离广州管圆线虫Ⅲ期幼虫（L3）分别感染昆明鼠;而感染BALB／c小鼠的Ⅲ期幼虫来自于褐云玛瑙螺。通过观察感染小鼠的死亡率、体重变化、mmp-9活性、脑组织的病理变化、脑内虫体数及脑脊液总蛋白含量等指标评价不同来源幼虫对不同小鼠的致病力。结果广州管圆线虫在褐云玛瑙螺及福寿螺中的发育无显著性差异．但褐云玛瑙螺感染的幼虫数量高于福寿螺。BALB／c小鼠感染广州管圆线虫后其死亡率、mmp-9活性、脑内虫体数及脑脊液总蛋白含量等明显高于昆明小鼠,其体重减轻、病理变化也更明显。用不同螺来源的Ⅲ期幼虫感染的小鼠其mmp-9活性、脑内虫体数、脑脊液总蛋白含量、体重减轻及脑组织病变程度均无显著差异。结论BALB／c小鼠、褐云玛瑙螺与福寿螺对广州管圆线虫易感,BALB／c小鼠是较好的实验室易感宿主,褐云玛瑙螺与福寿螺来源的广州管圆线虫Ⅲ期幼虫对小鼠的毒力无差异,从环保角度考虑褐云玛瑙螺更适合于实验室应用。     

不同年龄和疾病脑部功能变化的观察

为观察脑部功能降低程度与不同年龄和不4疾病之间的关系,我们观察342例不同年龄、疾病患者的脑部功能的变化,探讨不同年龄段、不同疾病对脑部功能的降低程度,以便提示人们及早进行干预性治疗,提高脑部的健康功能状态和生存质量,预防严重脑部疾病的发生.用经颅多普勒超声和颈部血管超声检查,反映脑血管的功能状态,通过栓子检测和血液生化检查观察血液内有形成分和粘稠度的变化.从不同年龄和不同疾病评分的结果得出,随年龄增加,脑功能逐渐出现降低的改变,这证明了年龄越大,越容易出现脑血管等严重疾病;本研究证明了脑部功能的退化与年龄和疾病有着十分密切的关系.     

Different immunophenotypes in Buerger's disease

Recently, we reviewed the morphology of 31 specimens of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO, Buerger's disease) in a multivariate analysis and showed that certain novel features of the affected vessels are different from arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and thromboembolism. However, the pathogenic concept of TAO is still controversial. We applied immunohistochemistry to 58 amputated lower extremities and five autopsy controls. At specific sites of the diseased vessels, different cellular components were immunotyped by CD3, CD4, CD20, CD31, CD68, actin and desmin. These results were carefully compared among different diagnostic groups of vasoocclusive lesions by statistical methods. Some unique characteristics of TAO were identified when compared with ASO or thromboembolism. Consistent with a primary inflammatory and immunogenic lesion, lymphocytes and especially CD4+ T cells emerged significantly in TAO vessels and their adventitia. In the subset of definite TAO cases defined by all clinical criteria, the linear arrangement of macrophages, and B- and T-lymphocytes along vascular elastic fibers was the most striking additional finding, suggesting elastic fibers are an important immunogen. However, this feature was not apparent in closely related cases, otherwise similar to TAO and different from ASO and thromboembolism. Thus, our results indicate a heterogeneous group of TAO diseases, suggesting that damage to elastic fibers may be a secondary change to primary inflammation.     

不同职业、性别正常人睡眠状况研究

目的 了解不同职业和性别人群的睡眠状况，以便对有睡眠障碍者进行有针对性的治疗与保健。方法 采用正常人睡眠自评量表（ＳＲＳＳ）对全国１０个地区中学生、大学生、职工、军人进行抽样测试。结果 大学生在因子３、４、５、７、８、１０均为首位，显著高于其它群体；在服安眠药因子上，职工高于其它群体；中学生不同性别比较，因子３、４、５，男生高于女生；因子８，女生高于男生，其它无差异；大学生不同性别比较，因子３、４     

Different needs for different care

Patients with advanced AIDS may need one of three types of home care: hospice, attendant care, or skilled nursing/infusion care. Many in the HIV community have dismissed hospice care as an indication that the patient no longer wants aggressive treatment, but hospice is becoming more flexible to patients' needs. Attendant care provides housekeeping services and respite for caregivers. Infusion (IV) therapy permits patients to receive intravenous treatment outside a hospital setting. Patients should expect an adjustment period when turning to home health services, and should take an active role in seeking out benefits and clarifying health care insurance coverage.     

Different palmitoylation of paramyxovirus glycoproteins

Different paramyxoviruses were analyzed for the covalent attachment of fatty acids into their structural proteins. The fusion protein (F) of Newcastle diseases virus and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of Simian virus 5 are fatty acylated, whereas the glycoproteins of Sendai virus are fatty acid free. The fatty acid linkage is labile to treatment with hydroxylamine. SDS-PAGE in the presence of mercaptoethanol releases some of the covalently bound acyl chains.     

Dermal Fibroblasts from Different Layers of Pig Skin Exhibit Different Profibrotic and Morphological Characteristics

In vitro studies of human dermal fibroblast (DF) heterogeneity have long been reported, yet in vivo studies and related research on animals are rare. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the DFs of pigs exhibit heterogeneity and to identify an animal model for the in vivo study of DF heterogeneity. The skin of three female red Duroc pigs (FRDPs) was separated into six layers, and the second and fifth layers (i.e., the superficial and deep dermis) were used in the establishment of wound models and cell cultures. To create the wound models, 54 tongue‐shaped flaps were created on one side of the dorsum, and the underlying dermis was then fully replaced with the superficial or deep dermis (the superficial and deep groups, respectively). Skin samples were harvested at postoperative weeks 1, 2, and 3 for measurements of the normal and wounded skin thicknesses. Cells cultured from the superficial and deep dermis (i.e., superficial and deep DFs) were subjected to quantitative estimation of collagen and electron microscopy. The wounded skin thickness in the deep group was significantly greater than that in the superficial group. In contrast with the long deep DFs, the superficial DFs were short and exhibited microvilli‐like cell surface projections. Compared with the superficial DFs, the deep DFs exhibited a greater density of rough endoplasmic reticulum and produced significantly more collagen. Similar to humans, FRDPs exhibit DF heterogeneity and should thus be a good animal model for in vivo studies of DF heterogeneity. Anat Rec, 299:1585–1599, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

不同性别和专业军医大学生毕业期待的比较

目的 调查不同性别和专业军医大学生的毕业期待情况.方法 通过自制问卷,调查不同性别和专业军医大学生的毕业期待、期望毕业去向和对毕业前景所持态度等.结果 不同性别、专业学员对毕业后的期待有所不同(χ2=23.024,120.525,P<0.001).结论 男学员比女学员更期待从事专业工作、继续深造.长学年制学员更期待从事...     

考前焦虑不同治疗的疗效观察

考前焦虑是一种境遇性焦虑状态,表现为失眠、紧张不安、心悸、出汗、肌肉震颤、尿频等,严重影响考生在考试时发挥其正常水平,是学生中常见的一种心理障碍,本文采用药物治疗、心理治疗两种方法,观察治疗效果.