胸腔置管引流并注入高聚金葡素治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

目的:探讨胸腔微创置管引流灌注高聚金葡素和治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效。方法:胸腔内置管引流胸水后,分次注入高聚金葡素联合顺铂和单用顺铂分次注入,比较两者之疗效区别。结果:高聚金葡素联合顺铂组有效率高于单用顺铂组,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05),且生存质量得到改善。结果:胸腔置管注入高聚金葡素治疗恶性胸腔积液安全有效,不良反应轻微,值得临床推荐使用。     

高聚金葡素联用凝血酶治疗癌性胸水

应用高聚金葡素联合疑血酶治疗癌性胸水取得了较好的效果 ,现报道如下。资料与方法 :1995年至 1998年间因恶性胸腔积液住院病例 12 6例 ,其中男 82例 ,女 44例 ,平均年龄 42岁。胸腔积液均由病理细胞学依据确诊 (未作分类 )。随机分组 :高聚金葡素组 ,共 72例 ,其中男 40例 ,女 3 2例 ;顺铂组 (对照组 ) 5 4例 ,其中男 2 9例 ,女 2 5例。治疗组 (高聚金葡素组 )在细胞学确诊后即行闭式持续引流或胸穿抽液 3～ 4次至胸液明显减少时 ,胸腔内注入ＮＳ 10ｍｌ+高聚金葡素 5ｍｇ× 4支 +凝血酶 2 0 0 0ｕ混合液 ,每天或隔天一次 ,共 2～ 3次。顺…     

高聚金葡素与顺铂联用对恶性胸水的疗效观察

目的：观察高聚金葡素（ Ｂｍ８２８） 联合顺铂（ Ｄ Ｄ Ｐ） 治疗恶性胸水的疗效。方法：８４ 例恶性胸水患者,随机分成２ 组,治疗组４２ 例用 Ｂｍ８２８ ＋ Ｄ Ｄ Ｐ 胸腔内注射,对照组４２ 例单用 Ｄ Ｄ Ｐ 胸腔内注射。结果： 胸水控制治疗组有效率为８３ ．３ ％ , 对照组为５９ ．５ ％ , Ｐ＜ ０ ．０２５ 。 Ｋａｒｎｏｆｓｋｙ 评分上升者治疗组为７６ ．２ ％ ,对照组为５４ ．８ ％ , Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 。结论： Ｂｍ８２８ 与 Ｄ Ｄ Ｐ 联用具有协同抗肿瘤作用,能有效提高胸水控制率,改善患者的生存质量,减轻化疗所致毒副作用,值得推广应用。     

高聚金葡素联合顺铂腔内注射治疗恶性胸腹水

[目的]探讨高聚金葡素联合顺铂治疗晚期肿瘤并发恶性胸腹水的临床价值。[方法]分析我院2002年1月至2002年12月诊治的恶性胸、腹水病人50例,按1∶1.5比例随机配对分为A、B组,分别予高聚金葡素、高聚金葡素联合顺铂作腔内注射。[结果]A、B组各失访3例、2例;A、B组有效率分别为47.06%(8/17)、82.14%(23/28),有显著差异(P<0.01)。[结论]高聚金葡素联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腹水优于单独应用高聚金葡素。     

高聚金葡素联合铂类腔内灌注治疗癌性胸/腹水的疗效观察

癌性胸 /腹水为晚期癌症的严重并发症 ,常可加剧病情进展 ,影响患者的生存质量。本文总结了我院 1992年 5月～ 1995年 10月采用顺铂 (ＤＤＰ)或卡铂胸 /腹腔内灌注及1995年 10月～ 1998年 5月采用高聚金葡素 ＤＤＰ或卡铂胸 /腹腔内灌注治疗胸 /腹水的临床效果 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　病例选择所有病例均经组织学或细胞学证实为恶性肿瘤 ,并有Ｘ片、Ｂ超、ＣＴ等影像学检查提示中等量以上胸 /腹水。治疗组 (单纯铂类灌注组 )男性 9例 ,女性 7例 ,年龄 30～ 75岁 ,平均年龄 6 1.4岁 ;对照组 (铂类 高聚金葡素灌注组 )男性11例 ,女性 5…     

高聚金葡素与顺铂联合治疗恶性胸腔积液临床疗效观察

目的:观察高聚金葡素联合应用顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效性和安全性。方法:选取我院2009年1月至2012年10月患有恶性胸腔积液的住院患者30例,分成2组,其中单药顺铂(A组)15例,高聚金葡素联合顺铂(B组)15例。结果:A组有效率为53.33%,B组为80.00%。B组的临床疗效及生活质量明显优于A组(P<0.05),不良反应轻微、可控。B组发热及胸痛发生率显著高于A组(P<0.05),其它不良反应相近。结论:高聚金葡素联合应用顺铂治疗晚期肿瘤并发恶性胸腔积液的疗效优于单药顺铂治疗,不良反应轻微。     

高聚金葡素、香菇多糖联合顺铂治疗肺癌并发恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的：观察高聚金葡素、香菇多糖及联合应用顺铂治疗肺癌并发恶性胸腔积液的有效性和安全性。方法：选取我院2003年8月至2010年8月间肺癌并发恶性胸腔积液住院患者131例,分成5组,进行临床分析。其中高聚金葡素联合顺铂（A组）25例,香菇多糖联合顺铂（B组）27例,单用高聚金葡素（C组）31例,单用香菇多糖（D组）25例,及单用顺铂（E组）23例。采用中心静脉导管行胸腔置管闭式引流术。结果：A组有效率84.00%、B组81.48%、C组54.84%、D组52%、E组52.17%,A组及B组疗效及生活质量明显优于其他组,P〈0.05;A组、B组间疗效相近,C、D、E组间疗效相近,均无显著差异,P〉0.05;全部不良反应轻微、可控;A、C组发热发生率显著高于其他3组,具有显著统计学意义（A组与B、D、E组比较,P〈0.01;C组与B、D、E组比较,P〈0.05）,其它不良反应相近。结论：高聚金葡素、香菇多糖联用应用顺铂治疗肺癌并发恶性胸腔积液的疗效优于单药治疗,不良反应轻微。     

高聚金葡素与顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

 目的　观察高聚金葡素对晚期肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法　32例设为对照组,常规全身行EP方案化疗并顺铂胸腔内注射;观察组32例 , 在作上述常规治疗的同时,加用肌注和胸腔内注入高聚金葡素。结果　观察 组胸水吸收的有效率达71.9%,karnofsky评分上升率为78.1%均优于对照组的43.8%和40 .6%(P<0.01),而白细胞减少和胃肠道反应的发生率均比对照组低(P<0.01)。结论　在全身和胸腔内应用抗癌药治疗晚期肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的基础 上加用高聚金葡素可提高胸水吸收的有效率,改善生活质量,减少化疗毒副作用。     

胸腔闭式引流后注入榄香烯,顺铂治疗癌性胸水疗效观察

自1994年8月～1996年5月应用胸腔套管插管法闭式引流后胸腔内注入抗癌药物治疗癌性胸腔积液。随机分两组，一组应用榄香烯乳200～300mg，顺铂40mg，另一组应用顺铂60～80mg，每组17例进行对照分析。所有病例均经组织学或细胞学检查证实，均为单侧胸腔积液。Karnofsky评分50～80分（平均60分），确诊为癌性胸腔积液至开始治疗的中位时间1周。结果表明，加榄香烯乳组CR11例（64．7％），PRS例（29．4％），NC1例（5．9％），有效率94．1％；顺铂组CR5例（29．4％），PR10例（58．8％），NC2例（11．8％），有效率88．2％。两组总有效率相近，无显著差异。CR有显著差异（X2＝3．88，P＜0．05），加榄香烯乳组优于单顺铂组。副作用：榄香烯组包裹性液气胸3例，无其它毒副作用出现。顺铂组包裹性液气胸2例，消化道反应1级4例，2级2例，肾功能损害1级1例。     

顺铂联合多巴胺及速尿治疗恶性腹水临床疗效观察

为了观察顺铂联合多巴胺及速尿治疗恶性腹水的疗效和毒性，将39例恶性腹水患者抽尽腹水后，腹腔注入顺铂，多巴胺，速尿，治疗后CR18例，PR9例，NR12例，有效率RR（PR＋CR）69．2％。初步研究结果提示顺铂联合多巴胺及速尿腹腔内注射，疗效满意，且方法安全，简单，实用。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.