Spinal paralysis caused by spinal metastasis of prostatic cancer

From 1977 to 1986, in the Chiba University Hospital, 107 cases of prostatic cancer with bone metastasis were experienced. In 10 of them spinal paralysis caused by spinal metastasis of prostatic cancer was observed. Untreated five cases received endocrine therapy. One of them also underwent spine laminectomy and spinal instrumentation and regained the ability to walk. But the other cases treated by endocrine therapy showed only insufficient improvement of paralysis. Five cases with spinal paralysis which were resistant to endocrine therapy were treated by chemotherapy or radiation to the site of bone metastasis. One of them underwent laminectomy and spinal instrumentation. However, most cases showed no improvement of paralysis. It is concluded that spinal surgery is recommended in untreated cases for the sake of quality of life, but in cases with hormone resistance spinal surgery should cautiously be applied.     

唑来膦酸预防乳腺癌骨转移的疗效研究

目的 探讨唑来膦酸预防乳腺癌骨转移的疗效。方法 回顾性收集2006年1月至2009年12月期间新疆医科大学第一附属医院确诊的418例浸润性乳腺导管癌患者,根据患者用药情况将其分为2组：预防组216例,接受唑来膦酸预防治疗;对照组202例,未接受唑来膦酸预防治疗。比较2组患者的骨转移及复发情况。结果 预防组患者发生骨转移37例（17.13%）,对照组发生骨转移73例（36.14%）,预防组的骨转移发生率较低（χ 2=19.45,P＜0.05）;不同分子分型乳腺癌患者中,均是预防组的骨转移发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。2组患者的肺转移、肝转移、其他部位转移和多脏器转移发生率,以及复发率比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 乳腺癌术后化疗后给予唑来膦酸预防治疗具有显著的临床获益,可减少乳腺癌骨转移的发生。     

Matched Pair Analyses of Stage IV Breast Cancer with or Without Resection of Primary Breast Site

Background  Reports demonstrate improved survival of stage IV breast cancer patients with primary cancer resection. This may result from selection for surgery, rather than biological processes. Methods  We performed matched-pair analysis that minimized potential bias in selecting surgery for primary cancer. Chart review was also performed of 5-year survivors to assess selection bias affecting breast surgery. Results  19,464 breast cancer patients were identified; 808 (4.2%) were stage IV: 622 were analyzed after eliminating wrong diagnoses or staging, and limiting patients to Massachusetts residents. Matched-pair analysis narrowed or eliminated apparent survival benefit associated with primary site surgery in several comparisons. When the impact of the sequence of systemic and surgical treatments was studied in stage IV patients, 90% 2-year survival occurred in patients receiving chemotherapy first, in contrast to receiving chemotherapy simultaneously with or after surgery, suggesting selection for delayed surgery after excellent response to initial chemotherapy. In bone metastases, the 2-year survival advantage occurred with chemotherapy before surgery; no difference in survival with or without surgery occurred when these treatments were simultaneous. Among 5-year survivors, frequency of primary site surgery after excellent response to systemic therapy, breast surgery in stage III patients incorrectly classified as stage IV, and frequency of oligo metastases all indicated selection bias. Conclusions  Case selection bias in primary breast cancer resection in state IV patients may explain most, if not all, the apparent survival advantage of such surgery.     

乳腺癌患者术后远处转移及其不良结局的危险因素

目的探讨乳腺癌患者术后发生远处转移及其不良结局的危险因素。 方法回顾分析2012年1月至2015年10月期间行手术治疗后发生术后远处转移67例和未发生远处转移130例的女性乳腺癌患者病例资料,随访时间截止2020年10月。采用SPSS 22.0统计软件包分析数据,单因素生存分析采用K-M法,行Log-rank检验;Cox回归模型分析乳腺癌术后转移的多因素分析。 结果脉管状态、组织学分级、肿瘤大小、淋巴结阳性数及化疗方案和靶向治疗是影响乳腺癌术后远处转移的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。67例远处转移患者死亡48例,存活19例,中位生存时间为39个月。多因素分析显示,脉管状态、肿瘤大小、临床分期、组织学分级、转移数目、Her-2状态及化疗方案和靶向治疗是影响远处转移患者预后不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论发生脉管癌栓、肿瘤直径越大、临床分期和组织学分级越高、多部位转移、Her-2阳性是影响远处转移患者预后的独立危险因素,术后蒽环类联合紫杉类化疗可以降低远处转移率,提高患者预后。     

Positive and negative prognostic variables for patients undergoing spine surgery for metastatic breast disease

The histology of the primary tumor in metastatic spine disease plays an important role in its treatment and prognosis. However, there is paucity in the literature of histology-specific analysis of spinal metastases. In this study, prognostic variables were reviewed for patients who underwent surgery for breast metastases to the spinal column. Respective chart review was done to first identify all patients with breast cancer over an 8-year period at a major cancer center and then to select all those with symptomatic metastatic disease to the spine who underwent spinal surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess several prognostic variables. Presence of visceral metastases, multiplicity of bony lesions, presence of estrogen receptors (ER), and segment of spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) in which metastases arose were compared with patient survival. Eighty-seven patients underwent 125 spinal surgeries. Those with estrogen receptor (ER) positivity had a longer median survival after surgery compared to those with estrogen receptor negativity. Patients with cervical location of metastasis had a shorter median survival compared with those having metastases in other areas of the spine. The presence of visceral metastases or a multiplicity of bony lesions did not have prognostic value. In patients with spinal metastases from breast cancer, aggressive surgical management may be an option for providing significant pain relief and preservation/improvement of neurological function. Interestingly, in patients undergoing such surgery, cervical location of metastasis is a negative prognostic variable, and ER-positivity is associated with better survival, while presence of visceral or multiple bony lesions does not significantly alter survival.     

Pulmonary metastasis of basal cell carcinoma of the skin. 3 case reports

The Authors describe three cases of lung metastasis from a basal cell carcinoma of the skin observed in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the National Cancer Institute in Milan. The incidence of this rare occurrence reported in the literature is approximately 0.1%, The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic treatment adopted in these unusual situations. In all cases the primary basal cell carcinoma of the skin was located in the head. All three patients had several local and regional recurrences and underwent multiple surgical excisions and subsequent plastic procedures. In each case complementary radiotherapy was implemented. The metastases appeared in the lung 9, 17 and 21 years, respectively, after onset of the primary tumour as bilateral nodules in two cases and as a single nodule in one. Curative surgery was possible only in one subject, consisting in a bilateral metastasectomy via a midline sternotomy, with 5-year survival. Surgery was withheld in the other two subjects owing to advanced age and the presence of bilateral nodules with concomitant bone metastasis, respectively. Both were treated by chemotherapy and the patient with synchronous bone metastasis also received radiotherapy. The elderly subject died after six months, and the other patient after 19 months despite partial remission of disease. In our experience, curative therapy proves difficult due to multiple metastases. In the literature there are few reports regarding this rare type of metastatic lung disease, but surgical intervention would appear to be the therapy offering the best chance of long-term survival while chemotherapy constitutes the second-choice treatment.     

Luminal B型乳腺癌骨转移患者的临床特点和预后分析

目的探讨luminal B型乳腺癌骨转移患者的临床特点和预后情况。 方法收集2004年1月至2012年1月郑州大学人民医院诊治的luminal B型乳腺癌骨转移患者128例,其中75例人表皮生长因子受体（HER）-2阴性,53例HER-2阳性,回顾性分析其临床特点和预后。 结果两组患者在骨转移确诊年龄、原发肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结转移数目和术后骨转移发生的时间方面的差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.477、6.927、12.209、11.222,P=0.034、0.023、0.002、0.004）。Luminal B型HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者发生骨转移后的中位生存时间为29.8个月,5年生存率22.7%,HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者分别为27.1个月和20.7%,两组患者骨转移后的生存时间差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.398,P=0.528）。 结论Luminal B型HER-2阳性比luminal B型HER-2阴性乳腺癌骨转移患者更具有发病年龄大、原发肿瘤直径大、腋窝淋巴结转移数目多、术后发生骨转移时间早等特点,但两种类型患者的预后无显著差异。     

Brain metastases from bladder carcinoma: presentation, treatment and survival

PURPOSE: We report the presentation of brain metastases from bladder carcinoma. We investigated the role of whole brain radiation therapy for treating this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1982 and November 1999, 16 patients with brain metastases from bladder carcinoma were treated at our institution. We reviewed patient and tumor characteristics at the time of the primary diagnosis and the brain metastasis diagnosis. We analyzed treatment results in regard to survival and local metastasis control. RESULTS: Brain metastases from bladder carcinoma were commonly accompanied by uncontrolled systemic metastases. Multiple brain lesions developed in 14 of the 16 patients. Of the 16 patients 14 received radiation therapy with or without surgery, 1 was treated surgically and 1 did not receive any treatment. The 11 patients treated with whole brain radiation therapy had a median survival of only 2 months (range 0.5 to 11). A patient who received stereotactic radiosurgery survived 12 months after the brain metastasis diagnosis and 2 treated with radiation therapy after surgery survived 12.75 and 2.75 months, respectively (median 7.75). The patient treated with surgery alone survived 1.25 months after the brain metastasis diagnosis and 1 who received no treatment survived 1.75 months. Patients with multiple brain metastases had shorter survival than those with a single metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival after brain metastasis development in patients with bladder carcinoma was poor. Although the number of patients in this study was small, results indicate that radiation therapy alone is inadequate treatment. Therefore, when possible, we advocate more effective treatment by combining radiation therapy with other treatment modalities, as recommended in ongoing clinical trials.     

Management of stage III primary breast cancer. An analysis of 221 cases]

From Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1987, 221 patients of stage III breast cancer were treated by surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The overall 5-year survival rate was 50.4%. The 5-year survival rate in patients with negative lymph node was 72.3% as compared with 37.5% in patients with more than 7 lymph nodes involved (P < 0.05). In patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate in premenopausal or postmenopausal group was 62.1% and 41.4% respectively (P < 0.05). The regional lymph node recurrence rate was 4.0% in patients who received postoperative radiotherapy as opposed to 9.6% for those without radiotherapy postoperatively. The distant metastasis rate was 19.1% in lymph node negative group as compared with 45.9% in patients with more than 7 lymph nodes involved (P < 0.05). To decrease the distant metastasis will improve the survival rate in the treatment of breast cancer. We believe that preoperative chemotherapy combined with radical surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy may improve the survival rate in stage III breast cancer.     

胃癌异时性肝转移影响因素及不同治疗方式的效果和预后分析

目的:探讨胃癌异时性肝转移相关因素以及患者采用不同治疗方式的效果和预后.方法:选取胃癌根治术后肝转移患者378例为研究对象,按照患者病情和接受的治疗方式分组,行腔镜手术联合化疗患者95例,接受完全化疗患者97例,TACE联合化疗患者1 86例.分析胃癌患者肝转移相关因素及不同方式治疗的预后.结果:原发肿瘤位置(P=0....     

乳腺小管癌11例诊治分析

目的 探讨乳腺小管癌的临床病理特性、预后及诊治方法.方法 回顾分析北京协和医院收治的11例乳腺小管癌的临床病理资料.结果 乳腺小管癌发病率占同期收治所有乳腺癌的0.4%.11例患者8例可触及肿块.6例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,其中1例行双侧乳腺癌改良根治术,4例行保乳手术,1例行乳房单纯切除+前哨淋巴结活检术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术.2例伴腋淋巴结转移.免疫组化检查显示雌激素受体(ER)阳性者6例,孕激素受体(PR)阳性者7例.术后3例行单纯化疗,2例行单纯内分泌治疗,其他6例患者行联合辅助治疗.术后中位随访时间为34个月(1个月～7年),所有病例均无复发、转移或死亡.结论 乳腺小管癌恶性程度低,选择适当的尽量减少创伤的手术方式和辅助治疗对于改善患者生存,提高生活质量具有重要意义.     

Surgical treatment of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer

In this retrospective study, the effect of surgical therapy on a series of 70 patients with breast cancer who were surgically treated for metastasis of the bone was evaluated. At presentation, 19 patients had one osseous lesion, 19 patients had multiple bone lesions, and 32 patients had additional visceral involvement. The surgical procedures included 60 palliative procedures, six radical resections, and four biopsies. In 14 surviving patients, the mean observation period was 35.6 +/- 40.1 months. Of the six patients with radically resected solitary bone lesions, five patients had systemic progression of the disease develop. Of the 19 patients with presumably solitary bone lesions, five currently are free of tumor. Of the 19 patients with multiple bone lesions and initially no visceral tumor spread, only two are alive. Of the 32 patients with additional visceral metastases at surgery, four are alive with the disease. For the entire group, the survival rate was 59% after 1 year, 36% after 2 years, 13% after 5 years, and 7% after 10 years. The only two independent factors that were associated with survival were the extent of the disease and the duration of symptoms from bone metastasis. These findings suggest that in orthopaedic surgery in patients with bone metastases secondary to breast cancer, wide resection is not likely to be necessary. Patients with solitary bone lesions have a 39% chance of living 5 years.     

乳腺小管癌11例诊治分析

目的 探讨乳腺小管癌的临床病理特性、预后及诊治方法.方法 回顾分析北京协和医院收治的11例乳腺小管癌的临床病理资料.结果 乳腺小管癌发病率占同期收治所有乳腺癌的0.4%.11例患者8例可触及肿块.6例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,其中1例行双侧乳腺癌改良根治术,4例行保乳手术,1例行乳房单纯切除+前哨淋巴结活检术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术.2例伴腋淋巴结转移.免疫组化检查显示雌激素受体(ER)阳性者6例,孕激素受体(PR)阳性者7例.术后3例行单纯化疗,2例行单纯内分泌治疗,其他6例患者行联合辅助治疗.术后中位随访时间为34个月(1个月～7年),所有病例均无复发、转移或死亡.结论 乳腺小管癌恶性程度低,选择适当的尽量减少创伤的手术方式和辅助治疗对于改善患者生存,提高生活质量具有重要意义.     

乳腺小管癌11例诊治分析

目的 探讨乳腺小管癌的临床病理特性、预后及诊治方法.方法 回顾分析北京协和医院收治的11例乳腺小管癌的临床病理资料.结果 乳腺小管癌发病率占同期收治所有乳腺癌的0.4%.11例患者8例可触及肿块.6例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,其中1例行双侧乳腺癌改良根治术,4例行保乳手术,1例行乳房单纯切除+前哨淋巴结活检术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术.2例伴腋淋巴结转移.免疫组化检查显示雌激素受体(ER)阳性者6例,孕激素受体(PR)阳性者7例.术后3例行单纯化疗,2例行单纯内分泌治疗,其他6例患者行联合辅助治疗.术后中位随访时间为34个月(1个月～7年),所有病例均无复发、转移或死亡.结论 乳腺小管癌恶性程度低,选择适当的尽量减少创伤的手术方式和辅助治疗对于改善患者生存,提高生活质量具有重要意义.     

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目的 探讨临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌术前短程化疗的意义。方法 122例临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌术前用CEF方案化疗1疗程，化疗后3-5d手术。结果 部分缓解21例(占17．2％)，轻度缓解76例(占62．3％)，无变化25例(占20．5％)，无临床进展病例。术前可扪及腋窝肿大淋巴结42例，化疗后30例见淋巴结明显缩小或消失。病理组织学观察75例镜下见肿瘤细胞有小点片状坏死。106例按计划手术；16例因白细胞降低等化疗反应推迟手术。全组随访1～6年，无局部复发病例；6例在随访期间1～3年内发现骨转移，经放疗和化疗控制；仅1例同时有骨转移和肺转移者于术后4年死亡；余均健在。结论 可手术乳腺癌的术前短程化疗可观察到肿瘤缩小等治疗效果，为术后化疗提供指导。并可能减少术中血行转移和提高疗效。     

Brain metastasis from non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis

Brain metastases from non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) are rare and mainly occur in young men whose clinical condition is unimpaired. The records of 15 patients with brain metastasis from non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis, who had been surgically treated between 1984 and 1998, were retrospectively reviewed. All of the patients had undergone surgery plus whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), and chemotherapy based on cisplatin. On admission they had a median age of 33 years and their mean Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score was >70. Mean survival was 37.7 months. Eight patients had a survival period longer than 5 years. Five patients belonged to radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) class I; all of them survived. There was a significant difference in survival time between patients in whom the brain metastasis was present at diagnosis (six survivors at 5 years; mean survival 53 months) and patients in whom the brain metastasis occurred during or after chemotherapy (two survivors at 5 years; mean survival 24 months) (P=0.04). The presence of a trophoblastic component at histopathological analysis of the metastasis negatively influenced survival at univariate analysis. Multiple brain metastasis proved to be a significant risk factor at both univariate and multivariate analysis, while a metastatic residue with a diameter less than 2 cm after surgery did not negatively affect survival in our series. Prognosis is worst in patients with multiple brain metastases, in whom brain involvement occurred during or after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Considering that these metastases are often both radiosensitive and chemosensitive, and mainly affect young men that are in very good clinical condition, we advocate aggressive treatment with surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This is mandatory in patients with large metastases (diameter >3 cm).     

Ewing's sarcoma of the femur: Prognosis in 69 patients treated by the CESS group

We reviewed the treatment outcome of 69 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the femur. The patients received chemotherapy according to the CESS 81 (n 14), CESS 86 (n 43), and CESS 91P (n 12) protocols. The 10-year relapse-free survival rates were 36%, 65%, and 65% (p = 0.01). 68 patients received local treatment. The primary tumor was treated by surgery without radiotherapy in 28 patients; 1 developed a local recurrence and 7 metastases. 10 patients received radiotherapy alone; 4 developed metastases and 4 local recurrences and metastases. 30 cases had a combination of surgery and radiotherapy; 7 developed metastases and 1 a local recurrence and metastasis. The survival of patients after radiotherapy alone was worse than that of patients after surgery with/without radiotherapy (p = 0.005). Pathological fractures (n 16) did not influence the prognosis.     

Adrenal metastases from adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: adrenalectomy and long-term survival

Treatment of adrenal metastases from cancer of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is not defined. The aim of the present work is to analyze retrospectively our experience in treating patients with adrenal metastases from EGJ adenocarcinoma. 102 patients with Siewert 1 or 2 EGJ adenocarcinoma underwent esophagectomy between May 2001 and Jan 2009. Five patients were diagnosed an adrenal metastases from EGJ adenocarcinoma, synchronous (s) in one and metachronous (m) in four, in the latter 11 months (mean) after esophagectomy. At diagnosis, three patients had synchronous metastases to mediastinal nodes (1 s and 2 m), 1 (m) had synchronous metastases to bone, and 1 (m) had an isolated adrenal metastasis. Three patients with synchronous node metastasis received chemotherapy followed by adrenalectomy 3, 8 and 16 months (mean 9) after diagnosis; one patient also received postoperative mediastinal radiotherapy. These patients are alive with no evidence of disease 16, 40 and 50 months after diagnosis of adrenal metastasis. The patient with bone metastasis received chemotherapy only and died 12 months after diagnosis of metastatic disease. The patient with isolated metastasis underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy only, developed early bone metastases and died 15 months after surgery. In conclusion, our experience indicates that patients with adrenal metastases from adenocarcinoma of the EGJ may benefit from adrenalectomy if the gland is the only site of metastasis beyond lymphnodal disease. Chemotherapy should be considered before adrenalectomy to achieve better disease control and identify aggressive disease that would contraindicate adrenalectomy.     

乳腺癌肝转移特征及诊疗

乳腺癌发病人数逐年攀升,相较于其他部位转移的患者,乳腺癌肝转移患者通常预后较差.目前国内外尚无针对乳腺癌肝转移诊疗的指南.本文旨在为乳腺癌肝转移的临床诊疗提供一定的思路和依据.本文对乳腺癌肝转移临床特点、发病机制的研究现状与治疗进展进行综述.早期肝转移患者往往没有明显症状或体征,考虑肝转移的患者最好行影像学引导下穿刺确...     

Liver resection for breast cancer metastasis: Does it improve survival?

Purpose To assess the outcome and prognostic factors of liver surgery for breast cancer metastasis. Methods We retrospectively examined 16 patients who underwent partial liver resection for breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM). All patients had been treated with chemotherapy or hormonotherapy, or both, before referral for surgery. We confirmed by preoperative radiological examinations that metastasis was confined to the liver. The survival curve was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to evaluate the role of the known factors of breast cancer survival. Results The median age of the patients was 54 years (range 38–68) and the median disease-free interval between the diagnoses of breast cancer and liver metastasis was 54 months (range 7–120). Nine major and 7 minor hepatectomies were performed. There was no postoperative death. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 94%, 61%, and 33%, respectively. The median survival rate was 42 months. Univariate analysis revealed that hormone receptor status, number of metastases, a major hepatectomy, and a younger age were associated with a poorer prognosis. The survival rate was not influenced by the disease-free interval, grade or stage of breast cancer, or intraoperative blood transfusions. The number of liver metastases was identified as a significant independent factor of survival according to the Cox proportional hazard model (P = 0.04). Conclusions Liver resection, when done in combination with adjuvant therapy, can improve the prognosis of selected patients with BCLM.