基于USB总线的全自动膜片钳系统数据接口

论述了一种基于USB总线的全自动膜片钳系统数据接口。系统的主控芯片为CY2131QC（Cypress），逻辑控制芯片为EPM3256A（Altera）。接口与前端系统之间采用光电隔离。由于使用了USB总线，从根本上简化了现场安装工作。接口传输速率达到1M bytes／s，符合新一代的全自动膜片钳系统数据采集和控制的要求。     

伟康呼吸机常见故障维修4例

正1故障一故障现象:在无人触动情况下面板按键被反复触发。故障分析:故障期间无操作行为,设备运行正常,怀疑是此按键接触不良所致,也可能是由接口电路误发脉冲信号引起。维修过程:互换键盘面板,发现故障排除,说明接口电路     

实用型放疗恒温水浴的简易制作

目的:简易制作实用型恒温水浴,应用于放疗临床.材料与方法:采用温度控制器和相关电路实现水浴的加热和保温,需要时温度可调节.结果:水浴内部温度均匀,加热和保温状态之间温差小.结论:该恒温水浴结构简单,可节约设备成本,在放疗临床中实用、方便.     

床旁超声预测慢性乙型肝炎患者胃镜检查围麻醉期误吸风险的临床价值

目的 研究床旁超声检查仰卧位下胃窦评估围麻醉期慢性乙型肝炎患者误吸风险的临床价值。方法 选择我院接受常规胃镜检查的慢性乙型肝炎患者200例,依据胃镜所见胃内容物性质将患者分为固体组与液体组,利用四个表判断床旁超声定性分组可靠性;按照收集胃液量,将胃镜判定液体组患者分为空腹组（≤0.8 ml/kg）与非空腹组（＞0.8 ml/kg）,比较胃窦横截面积（CSA）组间差异。结果 200例患者中,胃镜分组固体组17例（床旁超声分组固体组7例,非固体组10例）,液体组183例（床旁超声分组固体组2例,非固体组181例）,床旁超声诊断胃内含有固体内容物的阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为77.78%和94.76%,诊断符合率94.00%。胃镜液体组中含空腹组160组和非空腹组23例,床旁超声测量胃窦CSA组间差异显著[（4.83±1.04）cm2 vs （5.90±1.60）cm2,P＜0.01]。结论 床旁超声检查仰卧位下胃窦可准确判断慢性乙型肝炎患者胃内容物情况,指导临床麻醉医生评估围麻醉期误吸风险。     

视讯会议系统及其在医疗中的应用——接口软件及分析

１前言视讯会议系统由多点控制器（ＭＣＵ）、终端、相应的软件和网络组成。其中,网络是透明的,可以是ＥＴＨＥＲＮＥＴ、ＡＴＭ、ＩＳＤＮ等网络。本文首先针对视讯会议系统硬件终端,给出了相应的接口软件编程模型,然后对编程进行相应的描述。２接口软件编程模型接口...     

磁共振设备安装调试过程中的不常见故障与对策

目的：探讨磁共振设备安装调试过程中几种不常见伪影的成因与消除方法。方法：回顾性分析了近三年来i_Open 0．36T磁共振设备安装调试过程中遇到的困难问题和不常见伪影，分析其图象表现和干扰来源．给出了改善方案。结果：干扰来源：外部（屏蔽门没有关严导致外界射频干扰进入磁体空间）；屏蔽室内照明灯、激光定位灯；射频、梯度线圈（发热后绝缘材料性能降低后的瞬时放电）；冷却系统部件（特别是水管接头）；信号采集的模拟电路（放大器、连线、滤波板）；信号采集后的数字电路（ADC等，不可测因素较少）。结论：本文列举故障的排除虽简单，但寻找故障的原因可能耗费大量的时间。在此整理分析，供广大同仁参考。以期在磁共振设备的安装调试时，提高效率，保证质量，更好为医院和患者服务。     

一种新的连续性血液净化设备滚压泵直流电机驱动方法

根据实际连续性血液净化设备（CRRT）,选用滚压式血泵和直流电机搭建试验平台,按照CRRT机对血液流率、流速可调和长时间稳定要求,采用LM2678设计接口简单、易于控制的滚压式血泵直流电机新型功率驱动电路。由试验数据得到功率驱动电路在空载和带负载时输入、输出电压特性曲线（分3个工作区）;采用线性回归方法,分别构建正常工作（线性区）时这两种情况下系统特性的拟合曲线方程。试验结果表明：新型功率驱动电路的输入电压和输出电压具有良好线性关系,通过改变驱动电路输出电压,稳定调节直流电机转速,从而实现调节CRRT血泵流量。     

电子双向温度自动控制器的研制

本文介绍一种自行设计的可加热／制冷双向温度自动控制器。控制器以半导体致冷片作为加热／制冷的关键部件，它不但具有在室温下（２５℃）最大可输出±５０℃温度的特点，而且具有体积小，无噪声，恒温速度快，无级调温和数字显示等优点。是一种实用的环保型装置。广泛运用于各种科研实验。     

抑制腕部病理性震颤的功能性电刺激系统的仿真与实验

研发一种用于抑制腕部病理性震颤的功能性电刺激（FES）康复系统,包括信息处理、控制器设计、仿真建模以及实验测试。仿真阶段利用Matlab软件构建了腕关节肌肉骨骼模型;设计控制器采用比例-积分-微分（PID）算法,对肌骨模型中存在的震颤扰动进行抑制。仿真结果表明,控制器保证了在抑制高频低幅震颤扰动的同时不影响其低频高幅的自主运动,对震颤扰动幅值的抑制平均达到约95%。实验阶段搭建了FES闭环控制系统实验平台,由电刺激器、角度传感器、电脑控制器和输出板卡以及实时控制软件系统组成。研发的系统在5例健康受试者及1例震颤患者身上进行了测试,震颤抑制效果分别约为90%和80%。     

简化CR后处理方法提高床旁胸片质量的探讨

目的应用计算机X线摄影（CR）后处理方法,提高床旁胸片图像质量。方法使用FujiCR机,随机选取床旁胸片20例,设定为第1组,调整后处理参数灰阶（GS）和对比度（CS）,测量调整前后同一床旁胸片6个区的密度值,采用统计学方法比较其变化情况：使用Konica CR机．再随机选取床旁胸片20例,设定为第2组,用与第1组相同的方法调整GS和CS．测量调整前后同一床旁胸片6个区的密度值．比较其变化情况。结果调整后第1组5个区的P〈0．01．1个区的P〈0．05。第2组5个区的P〉0．05．1个区的P〈0．05。图像密度和CS增加．图像质量提高。结论应用CR后处理．调整后处理参数GS和CS．可以提高图像质量。     

基于80C196KC单片机的便携式家庭心/电血压监护仪的研制

应用80C196KC构成一个循环存储8小时心电数据的便携式心电／血压监护仪,其核心单元是80C196KC单片机,还包括Flash Memory（闪速存储器）存贮模块,Socket Modem通讯模块,薄膜键盘,血压数据接口,液晶显示模块和电源转换模块。其特点是集心电图采集、分析、存储和显示等功能于一体,实现动态心电分析监护及心律失常的识别和报警,并把出现病变时的心电、血压数据通过电话线传到医院中心站,接收返回医嘱。心电信号实时自动分析系统包括QRS复合波的实时检测算法和心律失常自动分析软件,可以显示心电波,心率（HR）和早搏（室早、房早）累积数;自动识别6种心律失常报警。通过对MIT心电数据库的部分数据进行测试,结果表明仪器硬件设计合理,心电分析算法和疾病判出的实时性和准确性基本满足要求,其中QRS波群检出正确率为99.9%,停搏、漏搏和心动过速过缓检出的准确率均在98％以上,而早搏（室早、房早）和R on T检出的准确率在95％以上。     

The effects of pylon shape on bone-pylon interface performance in direct skeletal attachment.

The attachment of a prosthesis directly to the part of the skeleton remaining after an amputation offers many improvements over coupling schemes used in conventional prostheses. However, the stresses induced in the bone by the macrostructure of the attached prosthetic device must first be understood because they are a significant consideration in the design of a successful direct skeletal attachment (DSA) system. This investigation utilizes the finite element method of analysis to structurally model some possible DSA systems. Static stress-response models for an above-the-knee human femoral amputation are formulated to investigate the effect of variations in pylon macrostructure on system performance. The models approximate the initial stages of support following the insertion of a pylon into the medullary cavity of the bone and are also used to assess the bond strengths that must be developed between the bone and pylon for a "no-slip" condition to hold at their interface. The analyses indicate that either a shaped, marrow cavity-fit pylon or four 135 degree wedges with a complementary pylon are favorable geometries for a DSA system. The stress levels caused by these two geometries are on the order of 20% of the axial compressive strength of cortical bone. For each, local stress levels at the bone-biomaterial interface remain the critical parameters for investigation.     

医院触摸屏查询系统的设计与开发

目的 设计和开发医院触摸屏查询系统。方法利用计算机网络、数据库技术和触摸屏硬件设备，采用PowerBuilder6．5编程实现。结果 医院触摸屏查询系统实现了多种功能，如药品、收费标准、特色专科、医院和医保政策介绍、门诊和住院费用查询等。在我院运行的一年多时间里，该系统极大地方便了病人，体现了“以病人为核心”的政策。结论 医院触摸屏查询系统方便实用，有利于完善医院信息系统(HIS)，实现医院管理的数字化、现代化。     

A microcontroller system for investigating the catch effect: functional electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve

Correction of drop foot in hemiplegic gait is achieved by electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve with a series of pulses at a fixed frequency. However, during normal gait, the electromyographic signals from the tibialis anterior muscle indicate that muscle force is not constant but varies during the swing phase. The application of double pulses for the correction of drop foot may enhance the gait by generating greater torque at the ankle and thereby increase the efficiency of the stimulation with reduced fatigue. A flexible controller has been designed around the Odstock Drop Foot Stimulator to deliver different profiles of pulses implementing doublets and optimum series. A peripheral interface controller (PIC) microcontroller with some external circuits has been designed and tested to accommodate six profiles. Preliminary results of the measurements from a normal subject seated in a multi-moment chair (an isometric torque measurement device) indicate that profiles containing doublets and optimum spaced pulses look favourable for clinical use.     

A water phantom controller for automated acquisition of linac beam parameters

Three-dimensional water phantoms are routinely used when acquiring the data necessary to commission medical linear accelerators. A new water phantom controller has been developed at our institution that is unique in several aspects. The water phantom controller is based on an IBM XT compatible computer. This has been interfaced to an Artronix three-dimensional water phantom and a commercially available linac setup controller. Some of the unique features of the new controller are (i) its ability to perform three-dimensional coordinate transformations on the fly (this removes the need to level and align the water tank with the beam axes and greatly reduces setup time). (ii) Its ability to communicate with a device which can control the linac operating parameters (this allows the water phantom controller to adjust, for example, the jaw size of the accelerator as it acquires data). (iii) Its ability to output the acquired data in a number of modes, including screen display, hardcopy plot, or disk file that may be transferred to a central treatment planning computer). (iv) Its ability to digitally process the acquired data. This water phantom controller may be used to gather machine data in a highly automated manner, greatly reducing the time required to gather the desired data.     

自动自适式雾化控制器的研制

目的研制一种用于雾化治疗中自动控制雾化产生量的控制器,以改善雾化治疗环境,达到节约雾化用药的目的。方法目前临床使用的雾化器正常工作后其气雾直接从管路口喷出,患者若未准确对准吸入药物很容易污染外界空间并浪费雾化药物。基于上述不足,笔者采用单片机设计适合超声、喷射式雾化器的自适应控制器,通过加装雾化浓度传感器,自动控制雾化产生量。通过吸入、呼出管路中的单向阀装置,实现自适应雾化治疗。结果能够实现同步患者呼吸频率,减少雾化药物的浪费及治疗室的污染的目的。结论该装置能够满足临床实际应用的需求。     

A Comparative Study of Three Imaging Modalities for Size Selection of a Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device

PurposeTo compare the results of computed tomography angiography (CTA), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) measurements and analyze their accuracy, correlation, and consistency in patients who have successfully undergone left atrial appendage closure (LAAC).Materials and MethodsA total of 157 non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent LAAC with Watchman devices were included in the study. The maximum diameter and depth of LAA were recorded using CTA, TEE, and DSA. Correlations and agreements were compared.ResultsThe LAAC procedure was performed successfully in all patients using the Watchman device. There was no significant difference between DSA and TEE measurements of the diameter of the LAA ostium. LAA ostium diameter obtained by CTA, however, was greater than that from DSA and TEE. Correlations were good between LAA ostium diameter measured by TEE, CTA, and DSA and Watchman device size. DSA measurements and actual device size showed the widest limits of agreement, followed by TEE; CTA measurements showed the narrowest limits of agreement. For LAA depth measurements, mean CTA measurements were higher than those of TEE and DSA. There was no significant difference in depth measurements among the three imaging modalities.ConclusionCTA, TEE, and DSA measurements exhibited good correlations with Watchman device size. The ostium diameter and depth of the LAA measured by CTA were greater than those measured by TEE and DSA. The relevance and concordance of CTA measurements were the strongest.     

High impedance mechanical ventilator for small animals: use of programmable controller

We built a simple high impedance ventilator, which generates a pattern of flow largely independent of respiratory mechanics, to mechanically ventilate anaesthetized small animals. The system includes a source of compressed gas with an electronic valve and a flow controller on the inspiratory side and a second valve on the expiratory side. The two valves are driven by a programmable controller. To assess the performance of this ventilator we measured the delivered tidal volume while the ventilator was connected to an external, gradually varying resistance. This resistance was progressively increased to simulate bronchoconstriction of the respiratory system. Comparison with a volume-controlled ventilator was made. The use of a programmable controller also allows control of different patterns of mechanical ventilation, such as end-inspiratory pause or the static pressure-volume relationship, which can be used to perform lung function tests. The system is a simple, versatile device allowing both reliable mechanical ventilation and lung function assessment in small rodents and is suitable for routine use in laboratories.