《医学伦理学》教学的现实之困及解困之思

为帮助医学生学习伦理学知识,运用伦理学理论指导医疗实践,树立道德责任感和使命感,实现从普通学生向医学生的转变,我国各医学院校大多开设了《医学伦理学》。但现实中《医学伦理学》的教学存在着诸多困惑,笔者认为必须加以重视,从明确《医学伦理学》的课程定位、建设专家型教学团队、遵循道德教育规律、改革课程教学等几方面加强和改进《医学伦理学》教学,以充分发挥课程教学在医学生成长中的重要作用。     

高等医学院校卫生经济学课程的教学现状

强化人文社会科学素质教育是我国医学院校改革的重要内容,而卫生经济学课程正是医学院校所开设人文社会科学课程中的核心课程之一。结合广州市6所医学院校卫生经济学课程的开设情况,分析了高等医学院校该课程教学所呈现的特点,归纳教学内容中所存在的突出问题,并提出优化该课程教学的对策建议。     

医学伦理课对一年级医学生的影响

1992～1993学年,有47所医学院校开设医学伦理学必修课,87所开设医学伦理学选修课。尽管以往对医学伦理学教育进行了许多研究,但很少有人对医学伦理学教学效果进行系统探讨。 本研究的目的是评价医学伦理学课程对一年级医学生的影响。 方法 要求Virginia大学医学院全体一年级学生学习临床伦理学。该课共24学时,含授课和小组讨论两部分。学生使用伦理学和临床医学教师自编课本。上课期间,学生完成两次作业并通过终考。     

高等医学院校师生对人文课程认识的研究分析

高等医学院校人文课程已越来越受到重视，然而无论是学生还是教师对人文课程的认识还不够全面。文章通过调查问卷和访谈的方法对部分高等医学院校师生对人文课程的认识进行调查，结果表明：高等医学院校开设人文课程已成共识；高等医学院校人文课程需要宏观调控合理优化；高等医学院校人文课程需要灵活的教学形式与方法。     

《医学伦理学》精品课程资源共享建设的设想

《医学伦理学》是与临床结合密切、实践性很强的学科。在国内外医学院校的人文课程设置中始终处于重要地位,是医学院校核心课程的一个组成部分。根据医学类国家精品课程网上资源建设现状及教师和学生对网上资源的获取、应用情况,本文提出了《医学伦理学》精品资源共享课程的建设的设想及其意义,旨在促进《医学伦理学》网上资源共享与应用。     

浅析医学伦理学教育的目标和方法

医学伦理教育的缺失主要表现为医学生的个人中心主义、利己主义思想和行为的存在,以及道德责任感和"敬畏生命"的伦理意识的缺乏。作者通过中外医学院校医学伦理学课程的产生时间、教学目的、课程设置三方面的对比,以及对上海市五家医学院校在校生的问卷调查讨论医学伦理学教育对医学教育的指导及意义。     

现代医学院校开设医学仪器课程势在必行

本文通过对现代医学的发展离不开医学仪器设备，缺乏医学仪器知识影响医疗事业发展和开设医学仪器课程有利于医学科学发展，逐步实现与国际接轨，以及开设医学仪器课程完全可行，事半功倍等问题的论述，阐明了在现代医学院校开设医学仪器专业或课程的必要性，优越性和可行性。呼吸我国的医学院校应不失时机地开设医学仪器专业或课程，为培养符合医学现代化需要的新一代的高等医学人才奠定必不可少的基础。     

某高校2011级硕士研究生对医学统计学的认知现状分析

医学统计学作为医学科研和实践的重要工具,是研究生通向医学科研的桥梁.鉴于统计学在科研工作中的重要性,全国高等医学院校都针对医学研究生开设了《医学统计学》课程.自1992年起,某高校就针对研究生开设了《医学统计学》课程,而且该课程已经发展成为该校研究生课程体系中最基础、最重要的公共必修课程之一.该校研究生来自于不同的高校,多数都已经学习过基本统计方法,但是不同高校对于本科生阶段《医学统计学》课程的教学要求有所差异,导致新人学的研究生对于医学统计学知识的掌握程度参差不齐.     

大规模在线开放课程教学在传统医学教育中的应用

该文通过分析大规模在线开放课程（MOOC）教学的特点及优势,结合医学教育的特点,探讨MOOC在高等医学教育中的应用,医学院校应借鉴MOOC成功的教学经验,利用MOOC教学平台,探索新的医学教学模式,发挥自身优势医学教学资源,建设MOOC医学课程,实现医学教育改革。     

生理学教学改革初探

生理学作为医学专业的一门基础性课程,是高等医学院校医学教学的重要内容。由于生理学与其他医学课程紧密连接的特点,因而学好生理学是学好其他学科的基础。本文主要以现阶段医学院校生理学教学为基础,对如何提高高校生理学教学水平进行全面分析,从提高教师的教学水平、改革完善生理学教学内容,合理利用多媒体进行实验教学、紧扣临床实践进行理论教学等角度对生理学的教学改革进行初步探讨,以期提高高校生理学的教学质量。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.