防腐固定的门静脉系统橡胶灌注法

<正>门静脉系的属支包括脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉、肠系膜下静脉、胃左静脉、幽门静脉、胆囊静脉和附脐静脉等。其属支关系复杂且多有变异,历年来都是教学的重     

未经防腐固定尸体骨骼的制作体会

骨骼标本的来源有三个方面:一是未经防腐固定的骨骼:二是已经防腐固定,尸体解剖后剩下的骨骼;三是从坟墓野地收集的骨骼。如要想制作高质量骨骼标本,最好选用未经防腐固定的骨骼。但是以往处理过程比较费事,前后一般都需要3个月以上。作者经过多次摸索,总结出一些经验,并且将制作过程大大缩短。现作者将制作过程和体会作简要的介绍。     

防腐固定尸头标本血管灌注法的研究

目的：探讨已防腐固定尸头标本的血管灌注方法。方法：用乳胶染料对已经福尔马林防腐固定的20例标本进行动、静脉血管灌注。结果：经过灌注的标本，血管特别是大血管充盈饱满，血管着色好，便于辨认，而且不影响其真实性，解剖操作时，对寻找、观察血管的分支、分布及变异非常方便。结论：灌注前标本的浸泡、血管的冲洗、灌注的压力是影响灌注好坏的重要因素。     

消除经甲醛固定尸体刺激性气味的方法

甲醛是目前公认及常规使用的防腐固定药物 ,具有价格低、杀菌能力强、防腐效果可靠、对组织的固定硬化作用强等优点。缺点是其具有强烈的刺激性气味 ,损害健康、污染环境。能否重新灌注经福尔马林固定的尸体标本 ,消除其刺激性气味 ,改善解剖操作环境 ?作者在实际工作中用氨水混合液灌注甲醛固定的尸体标本 ,消除其刺激性气味 ,获得了良好的效果 ,现介绍如下。1　混合液配制及原理(1)灌注液配制 :氨水 15 0 0ｍｌ,酒精 35 0ｍｌ,甘油2 0 0ｍｌ,氯化钠 4 0ｇ ,麝香草酚 1ｇ ,香水少量和蒸馏水35 0 0ｍｌ配制成混合液。(2 )原理 :氨水和甲醛混…     

HB防腐固定液对尸体固定效果的观察

目的探讨HB防腐固定液(HB液)是否能够取代福尔马林用于尸体防腐固定。方法检测HB液中的挥发性有害成分,观察单纯使用HB液和福尔马林固定后以及先用福尔马林固定再用HB液浸泡固定尸体的防腐效果(肉眼、组织学、病原学检查)及其对尸体的长期保存效果。结果 HB液中的挥发性有害成分明显低于福尔马林,但对新鲜标本的固定效果不良且易发生腐败;先经福尔马林固定的标本再用HB液浸泡固定能够有效地防止尸体腐败、保存组织结构、保持标本的弹性、韧性和完整性;HB液长期浸泡固定标本的效果与福尔马林的固定效果相同。结论使用HB液能够取代福尔马林进行尸体防腐,降低空气中挥发性有毒物质的含量,减少甲醛对师生们的刺激。但HB液不能直接用于新鲜标本的防腐固定。     

尸体肾移植肾血管变异与临床应用

本文在尸体肾移植中取尸肾53具,发现供肾血管变异25例,占47.2%,其中多枝肾动脉15例,占28.3%,多枝静脉10例,占18.9%,经对异常血管进行成形术,肾移植术后吻合口无狭窄及出血,肾功能良好,与供肾正常血管比较无明显的差别。     

The Case for Perfusion Fixation of Large Tissue Samples for Ultrastructural Pathology

We present the case for the perfusion fixation of large, freshly isolated tissue samples of liver and lung from dog, rat, and mouse. Individual lobes of liver and lung were fixed by vascular perfusion using a technique that is simple and quick to perform and results in a reproducibly high standard of ultra-structural preservation compared to immersion fixation. A major advantage to the use of this technique lies in the ability to provide tissue samples for diagnostic ultrastructural pathology and toxico logical pathology while avoiding the need for whole-organ or whole-body perfusion fixation. This advantage therefore permits the use of fresh tissue from the same organ for other investigative purposes (e.g., drug metabolism studies and pharma cokinetics), thereby allowing correlation of structure and function. The advantages of perfusion fixation compared to immersion fixation are discussed, and potential applications for tissue preparation of postmortem specimens and also for scanning electron microscopy are indicated.     

The Case for Perfusion Fixation of Large Tissue Samples for Ultrastructural Pathology

We present the case for the perfusion fixation of large, freshly isolated tissue samples of liver and lung from dog, rat, and mouse. Individual lobes of liver and lung were fixed by vascular perfusion using a technique that is simple and quick to perform and results in a reproducibly high standard of ultra-structural preservation compared to immersion fixation. A major advantage to the use of this technique lies in the ability to provide tissue samples for diagnostic ultrastructural pathology and toxico logical pathology while avoiding the need for whole-organ or whole-body perfusion fixation. This advantage therefore permits the use of fresh tissue from the same organ for other investigative purposes (e.g., drug metabolism studies and pharma cokinetics), thereby allowing correlation of structure and function. The advantages of perfusion fixation compared to immersion fixation are discussed, and potential applications for tissue preparation of postmortem specimens and also for scanning electron microscopy are indicated.     

不同固定方式对股骨颈骨折固定效果的影响

目的研究5种不同空间构型空心螺钉对股骨颈骨折固定效果的影响。方法将股骨CT图像通过逆向重建获得PauwelsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折几何模型。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,获取不同内固定方式下内固定物与股骨颈头侧、干侧的应力分布,以及模型的位移分布。结果对于PauwelsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,倒三角置钉、两根平行钉、两根平行钉固定方式下股骨颈头侧应力峰值分别最大;倒三角置钉、倒三角置钉、两根平行钉固定方式下股骨颈干侧应力峰值分别最大,交叉置钉固定方式下内固定物应力峰值最小,强斜置钉固定方式下位移峰值最小。结论交叉置钉的固定方式螺钉变形断裂几率最小,倒三角置钉固定方式可为骨折处提供良好的力学环境。对于PauwelsⅠ、Ⅲ型骨折,强斜置钉固定方式预防股骨颈短缩的能力最强;而对于PauwelsⅡ型骨折而言,交叉置钉固定方式预防股骨颈短缩的能力最强。     

股骨头颈骨外营养血管的应用解剖学研究

本文采用显微解剖剥离方法对25例(50侧)胎儿股骨头颈骨外营养血管的分布、变异及应用解剖学进行了研究。以期为临床应用提供更加详细的解剖学资料。     

自发性眨眼对瞳孔反应和注视位置的影响

瞳孔反应和注视位置是眼动研究中重要的监测指标,但在实验过程中,常常会受到自发性眨眼的干扰。目前,多数研究者只关注到眨眼过程中短暂的数据丢失和波动,而忽略了眨眼对这些变量更广泛的影响。因此本文系统地分析了眨眼对瞳孔反应和注视位置的影响。本研究采用简单的长时间注视任务,使用光学眼动仪记录22个人类被试的瞳孔和注视位置的数据并在其中精确地提取眨眼。瞳孔反应和注视位置的时间序列以眨眼开始和结束对齐。结果表明,在眨眼结束后,瞳孔反应发生长达4 s的大幅度波动（约12%）,其中在300～1 700 ms间,瞳孔值显著地低于基线水平（P相似文献   

双螺旋加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折愈后影响因素分析

目的对应用2枚中空双螺旋加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折愈后情况进行回顾性总结,分析骨折类型、复位质量、年龄及手术时间等因素与股骨头缺血坏死和晚期塌陷的关系。方法回顾性总结1998年6月～2003年2月采用2枚中空双螺旋加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折52例患者骨折复位情况,对患者年龄、性别、骨折部位及类型、受伤至手术时间与股骨头缺血坏死和晚期塌陷之间的相关关系进行分析。结果术后随访5～55个月,平均30个月。本组47例骨折愈合,愈合率90.4%。5例骨折不愈合,出现股骨头缺血坏死,占9.6%,改行人工股骨头置换术或人工全髋关节置换术。骨折愈合时间3～8个月,平均5个月。结论对预后影响最大因素是骨折的部位及类型,其次是骨折的复位与固定情况和患者年龄。新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则应力求早期、解剖复位、牢固固定。2枚中空双螺旋加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效可靠,可莸得良好的固定效果,有动力加压作用,创伤小,骨折愈合率高,并发症少。     

手指延长器在治疗手法难复性Colles骨折的临床运用

目的探讨手指延长器治疗手法复位困难的Colles骨折的临床疗效.方法将20例运用手指延长器治疗的该类骨折患者作为治疗组,另设15例未运用此方法治疗的同类病患者为对照组,对X片显示复位情况、功能恢复状况两组对比.结果治疗组20例优85%,良10%,优良率100%,患者治疗后X片提示复位良好,腕关节活动好,其治疗效果明显优于对照组.结论手指延长器治疗手法复位困难的Colles骨折临床疗效良好,操作简便,适合临床运用.     

冷钾稀释血顺灌及逆灌对心肌毛细血管保护效果的动态定量观察

体外循环条件下（降温至３０℃，灌流液４℃），对应用顺灌（主动脉根部灌）和逆灌（冠状静脉窦灌）的２０例风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者左心房肌毛细血管作了动态形态定量观察。结果表明，二组分别观察１５７和１４４个毛细血管，断面变化一致，主要是内皮细胞肿胀，较正常平均增厚０．４０～０．４１μｍ。内皮细胞肿胀始于时相Ⅰ。与原病变和中断心跳有关。时相Ⅳ内皮持续肿胀，而狭窄管腔扩大，是由于复灌注压的作用，内皮肿胀有待复流后期恢复，未见复流障碍。二组差别是，逆灌组管腔扩大提前到时相Ⅲ，内皮肿胀发生率于时相Ⅳ明显降低，显示逆灌的保护效果优于顺灌法。     

Breathing Life into the Cadaver: Introducing Air Dissection As a New Teaching and Dissecting Method for the Venous System

Air insufflation has been used for various surgical procedures such as during laparoscopy. We hypothesized that the use of pressurized air might enable cadaveric dissection to differentiate smaller veins better than traditional dissection techniques. In three fresh‐frozen cadavers, the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right or left femoral veins were exposed just distal to the inguinal ligament and a needle placed into one of them. Pressurized air was then placed into the cannulated femoral vein using an air compressor. In all specimens, the IVC and most of its tributaries, both left and right sides, were clearly insufflated. When the IVC was traced superiorly by resecting the diaphragm through the caval foramen, the right atrium and ventricle were also found to be dilated. Additionally, venous variants that would have not been obvious without dilatation of the IVC were identified. Air dissection of the venous system in fresh‐frozen cadavers aids in anatomical dissection. Such a model might also serve as a surgical training model and teaching tool as it better mimics life‐like anatomy and physiology. We term this technique “cadaveric air dissection.” Clin. Anat. 32:566–572, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.